marine ecosystems review. ecology ecology is the science that studies how living organisms relate to...
TRANSCRIPT
Marine Ecosystems Review
Ecology
Ecology is the science that studies how living organisms relate to each other and their environment
BIOTIC LIVING organisms
•Animals•Plants•Fungi•Bacteria•Protists
ABIOTIC NONLIVING aspects of the environment
• Temperature• pH• Currents• Minerals • Sunlight• Rocks• Water
HABITAT
• Where the organism lives • Area and physical conditions
where an organism lives• It’s “ Address”
OCEAN ZONES
SALT MARSH – Coastal EcosystemHigh Productivity
Located in Estuaries
Wet and dry, long grasses, thick mud, nutrients in sediment
SALT MARSH – ABIOTIC FACTORS
Flooding
Shallow water Sunlight
Mud and Sediment
Tides
SALT MARSH – BIOTIC FACTORS
SALT GRASSES
Halophytes – Salt water plants….have adaptations allowing them to live in salt water
ALGAE
• Rich in organic material
• tree roots covered in water
• nursery to many growing organisms
MANGROVE – Coastal EcosystemSimilar to Salt Marshes….bigger, tougher (trees)….found in tropical areas
MANGROVE – Abiotic Factors
Mud
Shallow Waters- sunlight
Warm temperatures
Many nutrients
MANGROVE TREES – Adaptations for life in salt water and mud with low oxygen
Red Mangrove Has stilt like Roots
Black Mangrove – roots below water. “snorkel like root structures called Pneumatophores”
MANGROVE – BIOTIC FACTORS
Why Mangrove Ecosystem Important?
Mangrove Trees Large Entangled Roots….
1. Provide habitats for juvenile fish and invertebrates
2. Hold soil well, protects shoreline from erosion from currents, waves, and storms
Coral Reef – Coastal EcosystemsContintental Shelf
Vast assortment of life, stony formation built from seafloor up, sunny, warm waters, colorful
Coral Reef – Abiotic Factors Sunlight
Shallow water – moderate movement to prevent sediment from accomulating on polyps
Warm
Rocks
Shells
Coral Reef – Biotic Factors
Kelp Forest – Coastal EcosystemsContintental Shelf
Sunny, Cool waters, appears like a dense forest with kelp growing from the seafloor to ocean surface
Kelp Forest – Abiotic Factors
Rocky Coastlines
Sunlight Clear Water
Cool Temperatures
Kelp Forest – Biotic Factors
Open Ocean – Polar Artic
Arctic – Abiotic Factors Cold, Icy Water – often dominated by ice
Ice and snow – reduces sunlight in water
Much sunlight in summer, Little sunlight in winter
Ocean surrounded by land - bordered by shallow continental shelves of NA, Greenland, Russia, Eurasia
Polar Seas – Arctic
Polar Seas – Antarctic
Antarctic – Abiotic Factors Cold Water – often dominated by ice
Ice and snow – In winter…water at edges freeze adding an area the size of North America to the continent
More Extreme Climate than Arctic
Antarctica is a continent….not a frozen sea…it has its own continental shelf
Polar Seas – Antarctic Biotic Factors
Deep Sea Floor – Abiotic Factors Darkness
Cold
Deep water
High Pressure
No Photosynthesis occurs here Fewer communities here
Deep Sea Floor – Benthic
Marine Snow - is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus (dead organisms & fecal matter) falling from the upper layers
of the water.
Whale Fall
Open Ocean – Abiotic Factors
Wide open spaces
Available Sunlight
Temperatures vary
No land nearby
