marine food chains/webs energy from primary production is transferred up the trophic chain each step...
TRANSCRIPT
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Marine Food Chains/Webs
• Energy from primary production
is transferred up the trophic
chain
• Each step is inefficient (~90% energy is lost)
• Shorter chains are more
efficient at producing apex
predators
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Bottom Up Control on the Marine Food
Webs
Primary Secondary Production Production
Phytoplankton
h
CO2 O2
PlantsNUTS FoodWeb
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Marine Food Chains/Webs
• Energy from primary production
is transferred up the trophic
chain
• Each step is inefficient (~90% energy is lost)
• Shorter chains are more
efficient at producing apex
predators
![Page 6: Marine Food Chains/Webs Energy from primary production is transferred up the trophic chain Each step is inefficient (~90% energy is lost) Shorter chains](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83e95/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Primary Production by Biome
Ryther (1969) Science
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Primary Production by Biome
Ryther (1969) Science
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Marine Food Chains/Webs
• Open ocean = 90% area & most of
the NPP but little fish
production
• Coastal ocean = 9.9% area & 20%
of the global NPP but ½ of the
fish production
• Upwelling systems = 0.1% area &
little NPP but ½ fish
production
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CalCoFI Zooplankton Sampling
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Dudley Chelton [OSU]
CalCoFIZooplankt
on
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Seasonal Zooplankton
Zoo
Winds
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Seasonal Zooplankton
Zoo
Winds
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CalCoFI Zooplankton
Highest in the tongueof CA Current
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The Upwelling Conveyor Belt
Highest NUTS
High NUTSLow NUTS
High Chl Low ChlLower Chl
High Zoo Low ZooLower Zoo
Sinking POM
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CalCoFI Zooplankton
Correspondsto low salinitywaters fromnorth
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CalCoFI Zooplankton
Highest in the tongueof CA Current
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The Upwelling Conveyor Belt
Highest NUTS
High NUTSLow NUTS
High Chl Low ChlLower Chl
High Zoo Low ZooLower Zoo
Sinking POM
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CalCoFIZooplankt
on
Hi Zoo’s = Low Temp
ENSO connection
All in pre-1977
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CalCoFI Zooplankton
70% Decline in 1970’s
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The 1977 Regime Shift
McGowan et al, 1998: Climate-Ocean Variability and Ecosystem Response in the Northeast Pacific, Science
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Cool vs. WarmWater Species
T. Spinifera = cool water
N. Simplex = warm
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Cool water species – gone during ENSO
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Zooplankton in CA Current
• Zooplankton follow climatic
changes both ENSO and PDO are seen
• Long term zoo distribution
consistent with upwelling conveyor
& advection from N Pac
• Evidence of species switching is
also observed