marine renewable energy initiatives in malaysia and

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MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND SOUTH EAST ASIA Presented by Prof. Dr. Omar Bin Yaakob Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia [email protected] 13th meeting of the United Nations Openended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, New York, 29 May to 1 June 2012

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Page 1: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND  

SOUTH EAST ASIAPresented by

Prof. Dr. Omar Bin Yaakob

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Johor Bahru

Malaysia

[email protected]

13th meeting of the United Nations Open‐ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, New York, 29 May to 1 June 2012

Page 2: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND
Page 3: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

MALAYSIA RE STATUS

Page 4: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

RE development until 2011

• Targeted 5% RE contribution for electricity, achieved about 1%

• Legislation, enforcement and incentive were not in place

• Approved/ on going small RE project (as at December 2011)

RE Number Installed capacity

Biomass 20 180 MW

Biogas 10 29 MW

Mini hydro 13 87.7 MW

Geothermal 1 50 MW

Total 44 354.7 MW

Page 5: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

New RE policy

• New RE policy – legislation, enforcement and incentive were approved in 2011

• SEDA – Sustainable Energy Development Authority to lead

• FIT – new feed in tariff for RE

• New target – to be achieve  in the next 40 years 

Year  Cumulative RE capacity (MW)

RE contribution Cumulative CO2 avoided (m T)

2010 73 0.5 0.3

2015 985 6 11.1

2020 2080 11 42.2

2030 4000 17 145.1

2050 21400 73

Page 6: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

National Oceanography Directorate (NOD)

• national focal point for all oceanographic and marine science activities

• provides leadership and policies in marine scientific research and development (R&D) undertaken within Malaysian waters

• facilitate implementation of national and intergovernmental program pertaining to marine science and oceanographic R&D

• Latest assignment‐drafting ocean energy technology roadmap for Malaysia

Page 7: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Summary ofOcean Derived Renewable Energy 

Roadmap

Page 8: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Components Current Mid Term2013-2015

Beyond2020

Short term2011-2012

Long Term2016-2020

Potential Projects, Grants and Collaborations Network

•Wave /wind/current mapping. (Marine atlas).•Ocean temperature profiling.•Chemical, geological, physical and biological oceanography study covering regional seas.

Implementation of testing facilities for demo of small scale (pilot project) ocean energy conversion

devices.

Implementation of numerical modelling for

the ocean energy system.

Make ocean energy part of the hybrid

system especially for islands

Development and testing of 20kW ocean energy

generators.

Use the ocean energy to generate hydrogen for remote islands.(for use

in fuels cells)

To install 500Kw conversion device

Detail physical and numerical modelling of

potential sites

Potential demonstration facilities / marine

laboratory

To install 10Mw conversion device

To install 6 units 10 Mw conversion

devices

Niche market for indigenous technology for the equatorial belt countries

Page 9: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Product

TechnologyHorizontal marine Turbine

Absorber 

Attenuator

Pelamis

terminator technology

Energy extraction

Underwater Technology

Pressure sensors

Integrator technology

In stream Tidal Technology

Attenuator

commercial production (near shore) 10KW

OWC- Pilot

Physical modelling and computer simulation for tidal barrage 

Identify feasible sites in Malaysia

VMT‐Pilot

Site viability studies

VMT‐commercial production

Pilot prototype for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Tidal barrage

to produce energy with tidal range <7mOcean thermal energy converterOTEC operating at  10°c T difference

demo in plant

Energy farm

Vertical marine turbine – lab scale

Survey of tidal range

Baseline data South China Sea, Sulu Sea

OWC lab

Wells Turbine OWC‐pilot 1KW

CONNECT TO GRID

Well turbine

Page 10: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

MALAYSIAN OCEAN CURRENT DATA(Source : Malaysian Tide Table)

LOCATION Maximumspeed (knots)

Typical speed(Knots)

One Fathom Bank 2.3 0.8 to 1.5

Off Raleigh School 2.2 0.9 to 1.5

Tg Segenting 2.0 0.8 to 1.3

Pulau Tioman (Kampung Teluk Salang)

1.14 0.1 to 0.58

Page 11: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

MALAYSIAN OCEAN WAVE DATA(Comparison between Topex Poseidon Satellite and Malaysian Meteorological Service, Omar 

et.al. 2005)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Jan-9

9Mar-

99May

-99Ju

l-99

Sep-99

Nov-99

Jan-0

0Mar-

00May

-00Ju

l-00

Sep-00

Nov-00

Jan-0

1Mar-

01May

-01Ju

l-01

Sep-01

Nov-01

month-year

wav

e he

ight

MMS

T/P

Page 12: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

12

Wave Energy Potential

The highest potential wave energy

‐ Peninsular Malaysia is 150kW/m 

‐ East Malaysia is 81kW/m 

Page 13: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Tidal Range

Page 14: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Marine Hydrodynamics Laboratory

Length 120m

Breadth 4m

Depth 2.5m

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

Page 15: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

MRE WORK AT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MRE WORK AT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAMALAYSIA

Marine TIDAL CURRENT

Vertical Axis

Horizontal Axis

OCEAN WAVEOscillating Water Collumn

Malaysian Ocean  characteristicsMalaysian Ocean  characteristics–– low current speed (0.5 m/s), low wave low current speed (0.5 m/s), low wave heights (1heights (1‐‐1.5m), shallow water depth (151.5m), shallow water depth (15‐‐30m)30m)

Page 16: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

CHAMBER

AIR TURBINE

WAVE DIRECTION

OWC Wave Energy Device undergoing tests

Page 17: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

UTM Vertical Axis Marine Turbine based on Savonius concept

Page 18: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

UTM Horizontal Axis Marine  Current Turbine undergoing Model Tests

Page 19: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND
Page 20: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Universiti Malaya (UM)

• Establish the research on novel type of folding tidal turbine;

• Investigate the wake of a ship’s 

• propeller jet and its potential 

• influences to the tidal turbine 

• in waterway;

• Develop the research in marine algae;

Page 21: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Previous Study

CFD model

Field measurementSmall scale marine current 

turbine

Page 22: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu / Universiti Malaya  Oscillating water column Device Testing at Sea

Page 23: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Algaethe concept 

Algae + nutrient + CO2 + sunlight+ water biofuel

Page 24: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

The concept and pilot plant at UPM, UM,USM

Page 25: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

The concept and pilot plant at UPM, UM,USM

Page 26: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

200 M

200 M

FOS

Sabah  Tro

ugh 

Sabah

Sarawak MA

LAYSIA

South China

 Sea

Sunda Shelf

Vietnam

Philippines

MalaysiaBrunei

Sabah Trough

Potential for OTEC

Page 27: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

2000‐ 2500 m water depth

Page 28: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

1400 meters depth found within 130 km (70 nm)  distance from shore

Page 29: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Surface Temperature about 28 deg C for most of the year

Page 30: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

1400 meters depth found within 130 km (70 nm)  distance from shore

Page 31: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

31

Longitude (E)Latitude (N)Point

113º 29’ 47”6º 39’ 55”E

114º 13’ 57”5º 54’ 03”D

115º 59’ 28”7º 39’ 47”C

116º 02’ 36”8º 01’ 26”B

115º 42’ 46”8º 39’ 41”A

A

E

D

C

B

2,100

m

Malaysia

Brunei

MalaysiaPhilippines

Sabah

BruneiDarussalam

Labuan

PulauLayang-Layang

Sabah Trou

gh

34,184 sq km

MALAYSIA

POTENTIAL SUBREGIONAL COOPERATION IN OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: BRUNEI ‐MALAYSIA‐PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPINES

BRUNEI

Page 32: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Islands = 17,480Ocean = 5.8 million km2

Ocean EEZ = 2.7 million km2

Costline = 95,180 kmPopulation (2010) = 236 million

Page 33: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

• The research planning for the development of tidal current is: 

– Phase 1 (RPJM II): Development of tidal current energy plant of 10 ‐ 100 kW 

– Phase 2 (RPJM III): Development of tidal current energy plant of 3 MW – Marine Current Turbine Farm

– Phase 3 (RPJM IV): Development of tidal current energy plant for domestic electicity and for producing biofuel or marine biofuel.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Page 34: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

• Ocean energy has nowdays been received a greater attention from universities, government agencies and public. 

• An entity so called Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (IOEA) is currently being formed to foster research, development, publication and application of ocean energy. 

• International collaboration has also been going on,  e.g. wave energy plant (thappered channel, Norway) in Yogyakarta, tidal current enery plant (KOBOLTD, Italy) in East Lombok , and OTEC (Dutch) in Bali.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Page 35: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

• BPPT and universities have been studying and mapping ocean energy resources in Indonesian. 

• More than 15 straits or channels have been identified as potential location for tidal current energy systems; three locations are candidates for OTECS; and Indian ocean (between Indonesia and Australia) offers great challanges to harvest wave energy. 

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION 

Page 36: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Tidal Energy Flux in Indonesia

Source: Ray et.al. (2005): A Brief Overview of Tides in the Indonesia Seas

Page 37: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Comparison Between ADCP with Numerical(Erwandi 2010)

ADCP vs Numerical

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Day

V (m

/s)

NumericalMeasurement

Page 38: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Temperature SurvEy in the Sea of Flores by Research Center of Oseanografi LIPI

Profil Temperature di Laut Flores, Mei 2005

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Temperatur (°C)

Ked

alam

an (m

eter

)

st1 st2 st3 st4 st5 st6 st7 st8

Sumber: Hadikusumah, PusLit Oseanografi LIPI

Page 39: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Tidal Current Energy Reserves (INOCEAN 2011)

Page 40: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Wave Energy Reserves (INOCEAN 2011)

Page 41: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Ocean Thermal Energy Reserves

Page 42: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Theoretical(GW)

Technical(GW)

Practical(GW)

Tidal current 160.0 22.5 4.8Ocean wave 510.0 2.0 1.2Ocean thermal 57.0 52.0 * 43.0 *Total 727.0 76.5 49.0

*depending on the technological maturity and market development,including availability of successful project in gird connection.

Ocean Energy Potentials based on previously conducted exploration  (INOCEAN Ratification 2011) 

Page 43: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

No Type Location Capacity Note

1

Marine current (BPPT, Indonesian Hydrodynamics Laboratory)

Flores, NTT 2 kWTested successfully, and being upscaled to 10 kW

2

Marine current (KOBOLD, PdA Italy and PT. Walinusa Energy)

East Lombok, NTB 175 kW Schedulled in

operation by 2012

3OTECS (Cooperation with Netherland)

North Bali, Bali 100 kWCancelled, economc crisis. FS was daone

4 OWC (BPPT, BPDP) Yogyakarta 19 kW/wave

length

Cancelled, initial contraction was done

5Wave coverter –Pendulum type (Indonesian technolog)

Madura – East Java

1 KW to be scalled to 100 KW per pontoon, and could be farming

Field test, schedulled in February 2012

Page 44: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Prototype Turbine (by LHI – BPPT, Erwandi 2010)

Darrieus Turbine type HDiameter 2.0 m, span 2.0 m3 bladesSolidity = 0.4Capacity 2 kW at current speed 1.6 m/s (eff = 25%)

Page 45: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Marine current and OWC were tested during research and development at the Laboratory of Hydrodynamic BPPT and Institute of Technology Sepuluh 

Nopember (ITS) in Surabaya(Coutesy: Erwandi ‐ BPPT, 2010; and Arief Suroso – ITS, 2010).

Page 46: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Field test tidal turbine in Larantuka (Erwandi, BPPT 2010)

Page 47: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Proposed Indonesian targetsINOCEAN proposed to established pilot project of ocean energy power plant, connected to the grid in 2014:

– 1 MW tidal current energy – 1 MW wave energy

The medium and long term run would be OTEC pilot plant.

The most viable potential of 6000 MW ocean energy power plant is proposed to be realized in 2030.

Page 48: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

Page 49: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

The Philippine Energy Plan

Increase RE capacity by 100% by 2020

‐ No. 1 geothermal energy producer 

‐ No. 1 wind energy producer in SEA

‐ Double hydro capacity 

‐ Expand contribution of:

‐ biomass 200 MW

‐ solar 30 MW

‐ ocean energy 120 MW

RE TargetsRE Targets

Page 50: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Marine Current PotentialMarine Current Potential

Page 51: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

ENU Velocity Plot Summary

0102030405060708090

100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250

15 15 16 21 21 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 21 22 23

Timeline

Velo

city

(cm

/s)

E N U

JULY AUGUST

Current Velocity July 15 ‐ Aug 23 ‘08

• Max Velocity– 1st site – 215 cm/s

– 2nd site ‐ 216 cm/s

– 3rd site – 169 cm/s

Liloan Site 

Page 52: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

• 1st SiteCapul Site 

Page 53: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Targets…

The Department of Energy (DoE) expects the Philippines’ first ocean energy facility to start commercial operations by 2018.

The first project to go into operation will be the 10‐megawatt Cabangan ocean energy thermal conversion (Otec) project in Zambales. 

Page 54: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Private Companies granted service contracts

Page 55: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Private Companies granted service contracts

Fourteen of the sites have already been identified as specifically suitable for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) technologies, eight for tidal energy projects and the others for offshore wind farms.

Deep Ocean Power was looking to develop between 10MW and 300MW of capacity on each site, adding that sites may be used for a number of technologies if suitable.

Page 56: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

Concluding Remarks• Despite substantial progress on the development of Marine Renewable Energy  (MRE) made in the world, the capacity of MRE R&D still remains low in the South East Asian countries, with various challenges being faced with, for instance, lack of sound policy environment, low level technology development, unsustainable R&D activities, conflicting use with other marine users, marketing development etc.

Page 57: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND

• There is a a need to enhance regional cooperation in the research and development of MRE in order to bring together regional experts, share the lessons and best practices, and further improve the capacity in the research and development of MRE Technologies.

• A new Working Group (WG) on Marine Renewable Energy Technology (MRET) Development in the Western Pacific has been established  by the 9thIntergovernmental Session of the IOC Sub‐Commission for the Western Pacific 9‐12 MAY 2012, Paradise, Busan

Concluding Remarks

Page 58: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA AND