marine reserves reform. presentation overview 1.main changes in the bill 2.fisheries management...
TRANSCRIPT
Marine Reserves Reform
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
1. Main Changes in the Bill
2. Fisheries Management Implications
3. Treaty Implications
4. Key Points - Solutions
1. Main Changes in the Bill
2. Fisheries Management Implications
3. Treaty Implications
4. Key Points - Solutions
1. Main Changes in the Bill1. Main Changes in the Bill
Main Changes in the Bill“Front End” – Part 1
Main Changes in the Bill“Front End” – Part 1
Now New
Scope 12 nm TTS 200 nm EEZ
Purpose Scientific Study
Biodiversity Protection?
Principles Nil Multiple?
Treaty S4 Nothing New?
Scope: Unfishable Waters!Scope: Unfishable Waters!
• 15.2% FMA10 closure• 15.3% 46mt exclusion• 2.6% Seamount
closures• 33.9% To Deep to fish• Total 43% Unfishable
• 15.2% FMA10 closure• 15.3% 46mt exclusion• 2.6% Seamount
closures• 33.9% To Deep to fish• Total 43% Unfishable
Purpose – Biodiversity Protection?Purpose – Biodiversity Protection?
To conserve indigenous marine biodiversity… from what, for whom?
• representative examples of the full range of marine communities and ecosystems that are common or widespread
• outstanding, rare, distinctive• natural features that are part of the
biological and physical processes
To conserve indigenous marine biodiversity… from what, for whom?
• representative examples of the full range of marine communities and ecosystems that are common or widespread
• outstanding, rare, distinctive• natural features that are part of the
biological and physical processes
Principles - Biodiversity?Principles - Biodiversity?
1. Should include a range of habitats, communities and ecosystems?
2. Natural state?
3. Historic material?
4. Facilitate use and enjoyment and protect the quality of the experience?
1. Should include a range of habitats, communities and ecosystems?
2. Natural state?
3. Historic material?
4. Facilitate use and enjoyment and protect the quality of the experience?
Principles - Decision Making?Principles - Decision Making?
5. Best available information6. Consider nature of Uncertainty7. If in doubt create a Marine
Reserve?8. Management should tend to
protecting and preserving?
5. Best available information6. Consider nature of Uncertainty7. If in doubt create a Marine
Reserve?8. Management should tend to
protecting and preserving?
Terms of Reference Treaty Reference
Terms of Reference Treaty Reference
Required acknowledgement of the Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act 1992?
No acknowledgement of the Fisheries Deed or Settlement Act
Required acknowledgement of the Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act 1992?
No acknowledgement of the Fisheries Deed or Settlement Act
2. Fisheries Management Implications
2. Fisheries Management Implications
Marine Species BiologyMarine Species Biology
• Marine Species are predominantly broadcast spawners – most of the young do not survive!
• Larval survival is largely dependant on environmental conditions outside our control!
• How then do Marine Reserves make more fish?
• Marine Species are predominantly broadcast spawners – most of the young do not survive!
• Larval survival is largely dependant on environmental conditions outside our control!
• How then do Marine Reserves make more fish?
Dynamic Pool ModelDynamic Pool Model
Growth
Biomass
A Renewable Resource
RecruitmentHarvest
Mortality
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity
Time
1
2
3
4
No.
Compensatory GrowthCompensatory Growth
• Increased availability of food• Increased growth rates and
health• Early sexual maturity and
reproduction• Early entry of new recruits• Fast growth
• Increased availability of food• Increased growth rates and
health• Early sexual maturity and
reproduction• Early entry of new recruits• Fast growth
Managed FishingManaged Fishing
Time
Yield
Managed
Unrestrained
3. Treaty Implications3. Treaty Implications
Treaty of Waitangi ProvisionsTreaty of Waitangi Provisions
Article I Article II Article III
CROWN AUTHORITY TINO RANGATIRATANGACITIZENSHIP RIGHTS
POWERS OF GOVT AUTHORITY OF TRIBES STATUS OF MAORI
INDIVIDUALS
Article I Article II Article III
CROWN AUTHORITY TINO RANGATIRATANGACITIZENSHIP RIGHTS
POWERS OF GOVT AUTHORITY OF TRIBES STATUS OF MAORI
INDIVIDUALS
Key Components of the Fisheries Settlement ActKey Components of the Fisheries Settlement Act
• Commercial Quota, Cash and Subsidiaries
• Customary Use and Management rights
• Participation Management & Conservation of NZ fisheries
• Commercial Quota, Cash and Subsidiaries
• Customary Use and Management rights
• Participation Management & Conservation of NZ fisheries
Customary RegulationsCustomary Regulations
North Island
30/09/2001
Established Disputed
Rohe 6 60
Kaitiaki 30 172
Mataitai 0 N/A
Customary RegulationsCustomary Regulations
• The Customary Regulations are NOT providing for the protection of traditional fishing grounds
• This is a particular problem in the North Island
• Marine Reserves are going to target these areas
• The Customary Regulations are NOT providing for the protection of traditional fishing grounds
• This is a particular problem in the North Island
• Marine Reserves are going to target these areas
Customary Regulations ProblemsCustomary Regulations Problems
• Traditional Fishing Grounds are more than likely to contain the most species richness
• Marine Reserves can not become established when a Mataitai reserve already exists
• BUT you can not establish a Mataitai Reserve until all disputes are resolved
• Traditional Fishing Grounds are more than likely to contain the most species richness
• Marine Reserves can not become established when a Mataitai reserve already exists
• BUT you can not establish a Mataitai Reserve until all disputes are resolved
• The disputes process allows individuals to lodge disputing submissions
• No clear process to resolve the disputes
• No resources or funding available to facilitate disputes resolution
• The regulations must URGENTLY be completely fixed
• The disputes process allows individuals to lodge disputing submissions
• No clear process to resolve the disputes
• No resources or funding available to facilitate disputes resolution
• The regulations must URGENTLY be completely fixed
Implementing the SettlementImplementing the Settlement
• A long way to go yet!
• Commercial– Slow start but good plan now
• Customary– Initial progress but now floundering
• Participation– New developments occurring
• A long way to go yet!
• Commercial– Slow start but good plan now
• Customary– Initial progress but now floundering
• Participation– New developments occurring
Convention on BiodiversityOceans Policy?Convention on BiodiversityOceans Policy?
Biosecurity Strategy
Biodiversity Strategy
Environmental Strategy
Marine Protected Areas Strategy
Customary Rights Marine Farms
Recreational Rights
Marine Reserves
4. Key Points - Solutions4. Key Points - Solutions
Purpose?Purpose?
Biodiversity
Protection?
▼
Threat Identification
Risk Assessment
Mitigation Options
Restoration Plan
Monitor and Review
Biodiversity
Protection?
▼
Threat Identification
Risk Assessment
Mitigation Options
Restoration Plan
Monitor and Review
Re-allocation of
use rights?
▼
Impact Assessment
Quantify Loss
Compensation Options
Prior Informed Consent
Implement Settlement
Re-allocation of
use rights?
▼
Impact Assessment
Quantify Loss
Compensation Options
Prior Informed Consent
Implement Settlement
The Ultimate TestThe Ultimate Test
• Will a Marine Reserve achieve the PURPOSE of Biodiversity Protection from know threats?
• How will this be demonstrated to the satisfaction of displaced rights holders?
• Will a Marine Reserve achieve the PURPOSE of Biodiversity Protection from know threats?
• How will this be demonstrated to the satisfaction of displaced rights holders?
