MarineLINEMarineLINE (Siloxirane) (Siloxirane) Coating for Ships Engaged Coating for Ships Engaged

in the Carriage of Edible Oils in the Carriage of Edible Oils and Chemicals Presented toand Chemicals Presented to

FOSFA International FOSFA International

August 10, 2004August 10, 2004ByByDonald J. KeehanDonald J. Keehan

Cargo Versatility - Can Carry Virtually All IMO Cargoes

Carry More Cargoes than Stainless Steel

Clean Tanks Faster than Stainless Steel Tanks or Other types of Coated Tanks

MarineLINE

Resists More Chemicals than Stainless Steel and Other Coatings

Resistance to 131 Most Carried Chemical Cargoes

MarineLINE

Market Limitations Prior to MarineLine

Problems with Zinc Silicate Coatings

• Absorbs Cargo Quickly• Retains Oil Like Cargoes• Subsequent Cargo

Contamination• Limit Back Hauling Capability

Not Resistant to Acids, Caustics, and Acid Containing Oils and Urea

MarineLINE

Market Limitations Prior to MarineLineProblems with Phenolic Epoxy Coating

• Absorbs Cargoes to High Levels (depending on cargo)• Absorbs Cargo Relatively Slowly• Releases Absorbed

Cargo Very Slowly• Small Traces May be

Retained• Subsequent Cargo

Contamination

MarineLINE

Epoxies 3-dimensional screen-like structure when polymerized

The greater the distance between crosslinks the greater the permeation causing chemical attack and absorption

Epoxies used in coatings have Two (2) Functional Groups per molecule giving Four (4) Crosslinks

Limitation of Epoxy Coatings

MarineLINE

28 Functionality vs. Epoxy 2 Functionality in same area:

784 crosslinks vs. 4 crosslinks

Higher Functionality Produces Higher Crosslink Density...

Giving:

Higher Chemical Resistance

Higher Temperature Resistance

Resistance to Permeation (absorption)

MarineLINE

Epoxy’s Open Screen StructureMarineLine 784’s Closed

Screen Structure

MarineLine vs. Phenol Epoxy

MarineLINE

MarineLINE is approximately 3 times smoother than Phenol Epoxies and over 4 Times smoother than Stainless Steel (as confirmed by Independent Laboratory)

MarineLINE Ra 0.7 - 0.9

Phenol Epoxy Ra 1.8 - 2.1

Stainless Steel Ra 3.2 - 4.5

MarineLINE The Technology

behind Easier Cleaning

Surface Energy / Surface Tension

MarineLINE is Over 40 Times More Slippery than Stainless Steel and almost 5 times Slipperier than Phenol Epoxies

Material Dynes / cm

Stainless Steel * 1800.0 Copper * 1160.0

Phenol Epoxy 142.0

Water * 73.0

MarineLine 34.0

Teflon * 18.5

Material Dynes / cm

Stainless Steel * 1800.0 Copper * 1160.0

Phenol Epoxy 142.0

Water * 73.0

MarineLine 34.0

Teflon * 18.5

Surface Energy is measured in Dynes/cm

* Source: N.K. Adams The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces

MarineLINE The Technology Behind Easier Cleaning

Chemical Resistance

Non Absorbent Qualities

VerifiedIndependent Test Certified by Members of International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)

MarineLINE

• % Absorption After 45 Days Immersion • Days Recovery (Desorption) with Ventilation @ 30°C

Test by Independent Testing Laboratory

MarineLine vs. Phenolic Epoxy

MarineLINE

MarineLine vs. Phenolic Epoxy

• % Absorption after 45 days

• Days Recovery (Desorption) with Ventilation at 30oC.

Test by Independent Testing Laboratory

MarineLINE

MarineLine vs. Phenolic Epoxy• % Absorption after

45 days

• Days Recovery (Desorption) with Ventilation at 30oC.

Test by Independent Testing Laboratory

MarineLINE

MarineLINE

Test Protocol:

1) 3 Steel Boxes Coated With MarineLine and Bottoms Reinforced With Fiberglass Impregnated With MarineLine Resin - Boxes Blasted and Coated Inside Cargo Tanks of M/T Joran - Boxes Cured in Oven at 80°C for 6 Hours

All Tests Witnessed and Certified by DNV Italy and RINA

Laboratorio Chimico Merceologico Genoa, Italy, Dr. R. Cosulich

MarineLINE

2) Each Box Was Loaded With a Chemical for 30 Days.

Chemicals Tested:

• 80% Acetic Acid • 50% Phosphoric Acid• Methanol • 96% Sulfuric Acid• Ethylene Dichloride • Caustic Soda • Virgin Naphtha • Premium Gasoline

All Tests Witnessed and Certified by DNV Italy and RINA

Laboratorio Chimico Merceologico Genoa, Italy, Dr. R. Cosulich

MarineLINE

3) After 30 Days, the Boxes Were Emptied. Coated and Lined Surfaces Were Checked for Chemical Attack.

4) Each Chemical Was Checked for Contamination From Previous Chemical or MarineLine Coating.

5) Boxes Were Washed With Salt and Fresh Water Before Loading With Next Chemical.

6) MarineLine Coating Was Washed With Methanol & Analyzed for Chemical Residual.

All Tests Witnessed and Certified by DNV Italy and RINA

Laboratorio Chimico Merceologico Genoa, Italy, Dr. R. Cosulich

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

50%Phosphoric

Acid

50%Caustic

Acid

80% AceticAcid

96%Sulphuric

Acid

EthyleneDichloride

(EDC)

VirginNaptha

PremiumGasoline

Purity BeforePurity After

Product Purity (Non-Contamination) Before & After 30 day Immersion

Product Tested

MarineLINE

Test Certified by DNV and RINA

0

20

40

60

80

100

50%Phosphoric

Acid

50% CausticAcid

80% AceticAcid

96%Sulphuric

Acid

EthyleneDichloride

(EDC)

Virgin Naptha PremiumGasoline

Methanol

Purity % Before Purity % After

Wall Wash Methanol Analysis (non-absorption)

Before and After 30 Day Immersion

MarineLINE

Test Certified by DNV and RINA

MarineLINESiloxirane Coating

Approvedfor

Food and

Potable Water

Siloxirane Coating

MarineLINE

Tanker Operators Statements

MarineLINE

"It was found that conventional intensive cleaning methods used for Zinc and Epoxy coated tanks does not have much effect on MarineLine coating.MarineLine coated tanks can be cleaned quicker in the same way as cleaning stainless steel tanks.  Rust remover and caustic based detergents used to spray and scrub were used to scrub and remove dried up patches of sulphur after Sulphured Gas Oil last cargo.  After this simple cleaning the tank can be made ready for methanol and MEG (methanol wall wash standard) cargoes quickly."

Capt. Ramu Naidu

Aurora Tanker’s M/T “Selendang Sari”

Tanker Operators Statements

MarineLINE

Mr. Jan Slooter, MDClearwater Group

“M/T “Coralwater” changes cargoes on weekly basis. As an example ships 5 P/S had 7 different cargoes over 7 week period. Sequence of cargoes, spent caustic, nitrobenzene, epichlorohydrin, acryonitrile, EDC, analine, and formaldehyde. Prior to unloading sample of each cargo was taken for test and verification on non-contamination. After each unloading tanks were washed with hot salt water, followed by fresh water wash. Tanks were certified clean by methanol wall wash test prior to loading next cargo.

Over 5-year period M/T “Coralwater” has never had a cargo contamination claim. Ship has carried over 400 different cargoes.

Our MarineLine coated ships clean easier and faster than our older stainless steel ships.”

MarineLINE

Herning’s MarineLine coated M/T “Serra Theresa” is carrying French Cognac to Ukraine and Ethyl Alcohol on return voyages.

MarineLINEOver 50 MarineLine coated ships operatingsince 1994 without a contamination claim

Additional 60 tankers contracted for MarineLine

coating by 2007

Thank You.For Complete Chemical Listing see MarineLINE-Resistance also on this CD (Excel ‘97 format)

For Additional Information Please Contact:Advanced Polymer Coatings, LLC

Avon, Ohio 44011 U.S.A.Phone: (+01) 440-937-6218

Fax: (+01) 440-937-5046email: apc@adv-polymer.com