market for geothermal energy in the eu and the legal aspects by dr. burkhard sanner
TRANSCRIPT
Market for Geothermal Energy in the EU,
and the Legal Aspects Dr. Burkhard Sanner
European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels
Conference
Innovative Solutionsin Energy Sector: Geothermal Energy
Tallin, Estonia17. April 2009
EU Energy Policy
From :
Coal & Steel
and
Nuclear
(5 decades ago the starting points of the
European unification!)
To :
Security of Supply
Competitiveness
Sustainability
=> and as a result: - CO2 reduction - clean energy - safe supply
European Geothermal Energy Council
The geothermal development – high enthalpy
European Geothermal Energy Council
Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas
Current main growth regions for high enthalpy geothermal in Europe
high enthalpy (el. power)high tem perature basins (el.power, district heating)medium temperature basins(district heating)everywhere: EGS, shallow geothermal
EGS
EGS
EGS
European Geothermal Energy Council
Geothermal heat flux(from Cermak & Rybach, 1979)
Geothermal Electric PowerHigh Enthalpy Resources
European Geothermal Energy Council
Iceland, Italy and Turkey
Krafla power plant, Iceland
Valle Secolo power plant, Italy
Geothermal Electric Power
EGS: Enhanced Geothermal Systems
European Geothermal Energy Council
Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production
Geology(left) and drilling rig atthe European R&D site Soultz-sous-Forêts (F)
Graph and Photo: GEIE Soultz
power plant
Enhanced Geothermal System
Geothermal Electric Power
EGS: Enhanced Geothermal Systems
European Geothermal Energy Council
Status April 2009:
• Power production in Soultz inaugurated in June 2008
• DHM-project in Basel (CH) still on halt after seismic events Dec. 2006 and Jan. 2007 => Research on induced seismicity
• New activities in Germany, England, Spain and elsewhere
• EGS is crucial for achieving 2020 targets for geothermal power
• Transferring EGS from Soultz to other sites
will be a strategic technology step !
Soultz wellheads in June 2008
Geothermal Electric Power
European Geothermal Energy Council
Installed capacity since 1912, world-wide(after data from IGA andWGC 2005)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
GW
e
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity (G
W)
conservative, all Europe
ecologically driven, all Europe
conservative, EU 27 (EREC)ecologically driven, EU 27 (EREC)
Installed capacity according to EGEC targets 2008, and to EREC roadmap for EU 27 (up to 2020)
In 2006, ca. 7 TWh of power production !
The geothermal development - deep
European Geothermal Energy Council
Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas
Current main growth regions for deep geother-mal in Europe
high enthalpy (el. power)high tem perature basins (el.power, district heating)medium temperature basins(district heating)everywhere: EGS, shallow geothermal
?
The geothermal development - deep
European Geothermal Energy Council
Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas
Current main growth regions for deep geother-mal in Europe
high enthalpy (el. power)high tem perature basins (el.power, district heating)medium temperature basins(district heating)everywhere: EGS, shallow geothermal
?
Geothermal District Heating
European Geothermal Energy Council
doublet systems, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany, Hungary, etc.
Geothermal central in Chevilly-la-Rue, south of Paris, France (photo 1995)
District Heating Network
>1 km
ca. 1
.5 k
m
Geothermal District Heating
European Geothermal Energy Council
doublet systems, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany, Hungary, etc.
Geothermal central in Chevilly-la-Rue, south of Paris, France (photo 1995)
Situation in 2008, with additional gas-turbine powered CHP (building to the left)
Geothermal Energy in Agriculture
European Geothermal Energy Council
Greenhouses throughout Europe are heated by geothermal energy, from Iceland to Turkey and from Poland to the Azores
Geothermal central in Chevilly-la-Rue, south of Paris, France (photo 1995)
Production of Spirulina-Algae using geothermal heat
Geothermal District Heating - CHP
European Geothermal Energy Councilduring construction 1994
Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig
Graph: Erdwärme Neustadt-Glewe
Geothermal District Heating - CHP
European Geothermal Energy Council(Graph and Photo: Erdwärmekraft GbR)
First geothermal power plant in Germany, Neustadt-Glewe (98 °C, 200 kW el.)
Low-temperature geothermal power
InaugurationNov. 2003, German Minister of Environment Jürgen Trittin
(VDI-Nachrichten)
Geothermal CHP
European Geothermal Energy Council
New Plant in Unterhaching, GermanyDH operational fall 2007, power Jan. 20082 wells each 3200 mWater temperature ca. 122 °CKalina-Cycle-Powerplant 3,6 MW
(Photos: Gem. Unterhaching)
The geothermal development - shallow
European Geothermal Energy Council
Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas
New growth regions for GSHP in Europe
high enthalpy (el. power)high tem perature basins (el.power, district heating)medium temperature basins(district heating)everywhere: EGS, shallow geothermal
The
„old
“ m
arke
t
?
Shallow Geothermal Energy
European Geothermal Energy Council
Heat pumps are required to use the heat at low, but constant temperatures
The various shallow geothermal methods • horizontal loops 1.2 - 2.0 m depth• borehole heat exchangers 10 - 250 m depth (vertical loops) • energy piles 8 - 45 m depth• ground water wells 4 - 50 m depth• water from mines and tunnels
Verte iler im H aus
Pum pe
Grundwasser-spiegel
BHE
Groundwater wells
Serienschaltung
Paralle lscha ltung
R ohre in G raben
Shallow Geothermal Energy
European Geothermal Energy Council
All material for GSHP today available from manufacturers
Brine-water heat pumps
Borehole heat exchanger (BHE, right)
Material for BHEand grouting on site (below)
Shallow Geothermal Energy
European Geothermal Energy Council
Examples from Germany
Heat pump and BHE manifold for county administration Gelnhausen
(86 BHE) Drilling in granite for educational centre
Shallow Geothermal Energy
European Geothermal Energy Council
(Ground Source) Heat Pump market data
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5
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15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Hea
t pum
p un
its s
old
(x10
00)
Austria
Switzerland
Germany
Heat pump sales in Austria, Germany and Switzerland(after data from LGWA, BWP, FWS)
Shallow Geothermal Energy
European Geothermal Energy Council
Ground Source Heat Pump market data
Total number of existing GSHP for 2007(calculated after data from EHPA)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Austria Finland France Germany Norway Sweden Switzerland
GSH
P x
1000
2007
Shallow Geothermal Energy
European Geothermal Energy Council
Ground Source Heat Pump market data
Total number of existing GSHP for 2007, per capita and per area(calculated after data from EHPA)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria Finland France Germany Norway Sweden Switzerland
GSH
P/pe
rson
x 1
000
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
GSH
P/km
2
GSHP per capita
GSHP per area
2007
Geothermal Heating and Cooling
European Geothermal Energy Council
Heat produced from geothermal sources (deep and shallow),according to EGEC targets 2008, and to EREC roadmap for EU 27 (up to 2020)
0
5
10
15
20
25
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Heat
pro
duct
ion
(M to
e) all Europe
EU 27 (EREC roadmap)
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
Based upon the „20/20/20 by 2020“ decision of the EU spring 2007 summit (incl. 20 % renewables by 2020)
European Commission draft published January 2008 European Parliament decision on amendments in ITRE
committee in September 2008 Agreement between EP, Council and Commission in
December 2008
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
A lot of support from the EP was required to get the Directive right!
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
Art. 2:• “energy from renewable sources” means renewable non-
fossil sources, namely wind, solar, geothermal, aerothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, snow, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases;
(ab) “geothermal energy” means energy stored in form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth;
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
Art. 13.1:Member States shall, in particular, take the appropriatesteps to ensure that:(c) administrative procedures are streamlined and
expedited at the appropriate administrative level;(d) rules governing authorisation, certification and
licensing are objective, transparent, proportionate, do not discriminate between applicants and take fully into account the particularities of individual renewable energy technologies;
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
Art. 13.1:Member States shall, in particular, take the appropriatesteps to ensure that:(e) administrative charges paid by consumers, planners,
architects, builders and equipment and system installers and suppliers are transparent and cost-related;
(f) simplified and less burdensome authorisation proce-dures, including through simple notification … are established for smaller projects and for decentralised devices for producing energy from renewable sources, where appropriate.
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
Art. 14.3:Member States shall ensure that certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes become or are available by 31 December 2012 for installers of small-scale biomass boilers and stoves, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps.
New Development for all EU
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
Will enter into force soon, with publication in official journal of EU
Member states will have to deliver the National Action Plans by 2010
Commission currently works on templates for National Action Plans
Project in IEE-ALTENER-Program on Geothermal Legislation:
http://www.gtrh.eu
European Geothermal Energy Council
Thank you for your attention!
For more information:www.egec.org