market potential for the use of lng & l-cng in road transport...market potential for the use of...
TRANSCRIPT
Rotterdam, December 2010 11
Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport
UN ECE Round Table of Use of Gas in Transport21st Annual SessionGeneva, 18-19 January, 2011
Manuel Lage, Dr. Eng.General Manager
Rotterdam, December 2010 2
Advantages of bio natural gas
• Natural gas is an alternative fuel coming from natural wells. It is mainly methane (CH4)
• Biogas is also a methane rich gas, produced by the fermentation of the biomass, it is then a renewable fuel.
• Methane contents 25% H and 75% C, in weight
As a comparison,
• Petrol contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C
• Diesel oil contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C
• LPG contents 17,4% H and 82,6% C
Due to its molecular advantage, regulated exhaust emissions and CO2 are particularly favourable in the engines running on natural gas.
Rotterdam, December 2010 3
Emissions IVECO CURSOR 8 CNG engine vs present and future Euro lEmissions IVECO CURSOR 8 CNG engine vs present and future Euro limitsimits(Source: IVECO) (Source: IVECO)
5,45
0,78
1,60
5,00
0,16
0,50
3,50
0,03
4,00
1,10
3,00
0,400,65
0,02
1,55
0,01 0,008
0,53
1,10
4,00
2,00
0,03
0,50
2,00
0,00220,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
CO NMHC CH4 NOX PT
Exhaust pollutants
Emis
sion
(Gr)
, g/k
Wh
EURO 3 (2001)
EURO 4 (2006)
EURO 5 (2009)
E.E.V.
IVECO
CNG. Other Emissions Comparison
Rotterdam, December 2010 4
7.0 m
Vehicle #1: IVECO 240E25 6x2 RSUVehicle #2: IVECO 240E26 6x2 RSU CNG (EEV)
Refuse collection chassis cab with bodyVehicles laden and compactingVehicles stationary
606264666870727476
1 2 3 4 5 6
Vehicle #1 Vehicle #2dB(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
(position)
Ave71 dB(A)
Ave66 dB(A)
Microphoneheight = 1.5 m
Noise emitted by the truck
5
NOx 132.391 kgCO + HC + PM 703.000 kgCO2 2.069.440 kg
Madrid CNG refuse collection fleet
Total fleet in 2006: 445 Iveco CNG trucksYearly gas consumption: 10.500.000 Nm3
Reduction of yearly emissions, referred to a Diesel Euro 3:
Rotterdam, December 2010 6
CNG urban buses
Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 12 & 18 m280 CV. Stoichiometric turbo engine. EEV certified
Mercedes Citaro CNG250 HP. Lean mix engine turbocharged. EEV certified
Tedom 12 m. CNG bus300 HP. Turbocharged. EEV certified
Rotterdam, December 2010 7
CNG urban trucks and buses in Europe
135 315 418 847 11401300133320002334
8000
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
Nether
lands
Portuga
lGree
ceSpain
Sweden
German
y Tur
key
France
Italy
Russia
CNG Garbage trucks in Europe•France approx. 600 Euro 2 - EEV•Switzerland approx. 20 Euro 3 - EEV•Italy approx. 600 Euro 3 - EEV•Spain approx. 1000 Euro 3-4-5 - EEV
CNG Urban buses in Europe (+Turkey, Russia) In Europe, most of the heavy vehicles running on NG are urban, using CNG/biomethane.
Volume and weight of the CNG tanks limit their use in road transport.
Rotterdam, December 2010 8
Wide offer of European NGVsCitroen
Citroën C3 1.4 Style bivalent
Citroën BerlingoMultispace Plus
Bivalent
Fiat
Fiat Doblò 1.6 16V Natural Power
Fiat Panda Panda 1.2 8V Natural Power
Fiat Doblò CargoSX 1.6. 16V
Natural Power
Fiat Doblò Cargo SX Maxi 1.6 16V Natural
Power
Ford C-Max 2.0 CNG
Ford Focus 2.0 CNG
Ford Transit 2.3 CNG
Ford
Fiat Grande Punto 1.4 8V
Natural Power
Mercedes
Mercedes Benz B170 NGT
Mercedes Benz E200 NGT
Mercedes Sprinter 316 NGT + 516 NGT
Opel
Opel Zafira 1.6 ecoFLEX
Opel Combo Tour 1.6 ecoFLEX
Opel Combo 1.6 CNG ecoFlex
Kastenwagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen CaddyLife 2.0 Ecofuel
Volkswagen Touran1.4 TSI EcoFue
Opel Zafira 1.6 ecoFLEX Turbo
Volkswagen Caddy Maxi Life 2.0 EcoFuel
Volkswagen Passat 1.4 TSI EcoFuel
Volkswagen Caddy1.6 CNG Van
Rotterdam, December 2010 9
NGVs World Market growth. 1991 to 2020
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
1.9911.9931.9951.9971.9992.001200
3200
5200
7200
9201
1201
3201
5201
7201
9202
1202
3202
5W
orld
wid
e N
GVs
(.00
0)
10 years15% annual growth
6 years26% annual growth
13 years, assuming 18% annual growth
20011,7 M NGVs
20077 M NGVs
202065 M NGVs(9% market share)
Rotterdam, December 2010 10
The bright future of NGV’s
• The DG MOVE (EU) is preparing a white paper with the title:Report of the European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels Fuelsin which there is a significant support to the NG, following the contributions given by NGVA Europe, the only NGV expert invited to the group.
• The development of NGV’s in the medium and long term future, other than the existing and well established technologies, will be wide and following five additional main lines:
– CNG Hybrid Vehicles– Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties– Biogas– LNG for trucks and buses– Methane-Hydrogen mixtures
Rotterdam, December 2010 11
CNG Hybrid Urban buses
Castrosua TEMPUS CNG Hybrid.New urban bus presented in FIAA Madrid (November 2010)
Tata Starbus CNG Hybrid, to be produced in Europe by:Tata Hispano, Zaragoza, Spain.
The municipality of Madrid has already passed orders for 23 CNG-Hybrid buses:• 13 Castrosua • 10 Tata Hispano.
Rotterdam, December 2010 12
Dual Fuel technology available
• Dual fuel systems have been developed to substitute a major part of diesel for natural gas in heavy duty engines, keeping the Diesel cycle
• Retrofit market considered too for EURO 2 and 3 vehicles• Full diesel operation is available, when run out of CNG • The natural gas injection system is electronically controlled with a separate ECU.
• Legislation still under development• Dual fuel system is an alternative to dedicated NG engines
Members of NGVA Europe offering Dual Fuel technologies:
Rotterdam, December 2010 13
Biogas production potential
Among different options of biofuels, biomethane presents the highest efficiency per hectare of land.A global European estimation shows a potential of 2.750 TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe), made out of 1.500 TWh (5,4 EJ=130Mtoe) coming from crops, plus another 1.250TWh (4,5EJ=1.108Mtoe) coming from other sources: sewage, manure, landfills, etc.
If we choose bioethanol instead of biogas we would loose the potential of the waste, sewages, etc (1.250TWh, 4,5EJ=108Mtoe) and we would also reduce the efficiency of the land by 47%.In other words we would obtain 800TWh (2,9EJ=70Mtoe) instead of 2.750TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe).
EU is still missing a European legislation for the injection of biomethane in the NG grid.NGVA Europe is working also in the next legislation about the gas quality.
Rotterdam, December 2010 14
200 bar
200 bar
200 bar
200 bar
200 barDiesel oil
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)NG with a high energy density
1 litre
5 litreCNG
1,8 litre-162OC
LNG
LNG opens the way for the medium and long distance road transport
Diesel vs CNG & LNGAutonomy equivalence
Rotterdam, December 2010 15
First in Europe LBG (Liquid Bio Gas) truck
Rolande LNG B.V. made this concept to work by converting, in close cooperation with the OEM, an IVECO Stralis CNG into a truck being capable to run on LNG/LBG. Rolande LNG B.V. provided not only the know how but also the special cryogenic tanks and heat exchanger. LBG is made from gas coming out of a landfill. It gives better emission levels than EEV or Euro 5 diesel engines. LBG CO2 emissions (Well to Wheel) are by far the best alternative to any other bio fuel currently available (up to 80% CO2 reduction compared to diesel).
Rolande LNG B.V., a specialist in supplying LNG and LBG for road transport applications, has recently introduced the first truck running on Liquid Bio Gas.
The truck is being used to show and promote the many advantages of LBG as fuel: It is cleaner (better than future Euro 6), quieter (5 dba lower noise level than a diesel) and up to 80% CO2 neutral! There is no better and economic alternative today. LBG can save between 2 and 5 €cents per km. The truck can run more than 1.200 km before refuelling.
Rotterdam, December 2010 16
Refueling Stations L-CNGLleida - Spain
Rotterdam, December 2010 17
LNG supply to Europe
Rotterdam, December 2010 18
The “LNG Blue Corridors”
The availability of LNG all around the Iberian Peninsula, plus the French port of Fos (Marseille), and the Italian ones of Panigaglia (near Genova) and Revigo (near Trieste) constitutes a fantastic existing infrastructure to cover all the supply needs for road transport around the Mediterranean arch.
Another corridor could also be imagined from Portugal and Spain to the north of France, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, north of Germany and Denmark, once all the LNG terminals, now under construction, will be in service.
Rotterdam, December 2010 19
Methane/Hydrogen mixtures
Methane/Hydrogen mixture (Hythane, Hydrometano) offers a number of significant advantages as a bridge solution for a future hydrogen fuelled transport:
–It can be used in the existing NGV engines and vehicles with minor engine resetting
–The inboard fuel storage uses the same type of tanks and fittings, with some specification changes in materials
–The H2 content considered (up to 30%) does not alter the autonomy of the vehicles
–There is an immediate impact as CO2 emission reduction (- 11%)–The use of compressed H2 in a “large” basis will push ahead the
development of the hydrogen production and logistics
Rotterdam, December 2010 20
Conclusions
• Natural gas (methane) is an excellent energy vector, with the lowest Carbon to Hydrogen ratio of all the hydrocarbons. Additionally natural gas is an alternative fuel, having a different origin from the traditional oil derived diesel, petrol and LPG
• Natural gas is used in existing internal combustion engines, with minor additional investments, taking advantage of a well known and mature car & commercial vehicle technology. Dual Fuel technology offers the possibility of conversion for existing engines
• The increasing production of biomethane, both from urban waste and from agricultural stuff is giving natural gas the new and valuable consideration of a renewable fuel
• Natural gas has been used so far as CNG mainly for urban applications. The availability of LNG will spread its use for medium and long distances road transport
• Methane/Hydrogen mixtures, that could be used the existing NGVs will become the bridge to a potential hydrogen fuelled transport
• NG vehicles are today the best and most economic alternative to oil derived fuels, also improving gaseous and acoustic emissions.
Rotterdam, December 2010 21