market trends in fuel cell technology development an ...©2017 intelligent energy limited the...

©2017 Intelligent Energy LimitedThe information in this document is the property of Intelligent Energy Limited and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purposes other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Intelligent Energy Limited. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Intelligent Energy Limited, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Intelligent Energy Ltd or any of its subsidiary companies

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Market Trends in Fuel Cell Technology Development – an Industry Perspective

Harry Karmazyn, Head of Product Development, MotiveAshley Kells, Head of Programmes

1st February 2017

© Intelligent Energy Limited 2017. All Rights Reserved

Intelligent Energy Portfolio

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1W

Consum

er

Ele

ctro

nic

s (C

E)

10W

100W

Dro

nes &

UAV

1kW

Motiv

e

Sta

tionary

Pow

er

10kW

100kW+

Stack System Product Application


Proven Delivery of World Firsts

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First manned fuel cell aircraft First purpose built fuel cell motorbike

First fully road approved fuel cell scooter First PEM fuel cell black cab


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IE Air Cooled Technology

IE Air Cooled Motive System

Type Air Cooled PEM

Output 4kWe

Volume 30 litre

Mass 20 kg

Interface CAN

Fuel cell stack assembly line: commissioned in Japan, January 2013at SMILE JV, a joint venture between IE and Suzuki Motor CorporationAir Cooled Fuel Cell Stack


Opinion: Consumers and Executives

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Source: KPMG Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2017/01/global-automotive-executive-survey-2017.pdf

Survey highlights consumer demand for

Fuel Cell Vehicles greater than BEV


UK Powertrain Technology Roadmap

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Source: Automotive Council UKhttp://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/


UK Bus Technology Roadmap

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Source: Automotive Council UKhttp://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/


Motive Fuel Cell System Components

Fuel Cell Stack

Balance of Plant• Controller• Gas Management• Air Management• Heat Management• Electrical Management• Gas Safety

Hydrogen Storage and Refill

Electrical Energy Storage & Hybridisation• Battery or • Supercapacitor

Motor Controller Propulsion MotorBraking Solution

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Fuel Cell Stack

Balance of Plant• Controller• Gas Management• Air Management• Heat Management• Electrical Management• Gas Safety

Hydrogen Storage and Refill

Electrical Energy Storage & Hybridisation• Battery or • Supercapacitor

Motor Controller Propulsion MotorBraking Solution

FCEV and ’EV commonality

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Unique to FCEV

Note some individual components may be from ’EV or general automotive

‘parts bin’

As ’EV

As ’EVbut possibly

smaller


FC Performance Parameters for Motive

• The fuel cell market has some way to go on cost

• Cost is largely driven by volume so this is chicken and egg

• IE believe use of common designs across diverse applications may

speed up cost reduction

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Cost

Life

Efficiency/Range

EnvironmentalEnvelope

Power/ PhysicalVolume

Power/ PhysicalMass



• Life is approaching acceptable levels for fuel cells

• There is always room for improvement

• Continuing improvement work

• Improvement translates into better through life cost

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Cost

Life

Efficiency/Range



Power/ PhysicalMass



• Fuel Cells are known for efficiency - translates to good range

• Hydrogen storage (cylinders) is the other side of the range equation

• 70MPa (700bar) storage now the norm for cars, but still expensive

• 35MPa (350bar) storage fading away for cars


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Cost

Life

Efficiency/Range



Power/ PhysicalMass



• Environmental envelope performance meets the needs of drivers


• Continuing improvement work

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Cost

Life

Efficiency/Range



Power/ PhysicalMass



• Parameters above are perceptive illustrations

• Next slide focuses on Power Mass & Volume density

• Safety is a pre-requisite………………………………...........

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Cost

Life

Efficiency/Range



Power/ PhysicalMass


Gravimetric/Volumetric Power Density

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Motive fuel cell systems need to be small & powerful to fit into a vehicle

• Especially true for motorbikes and cars

• Less of an issue for bus applications

• Thin metal plate cell technologies makes for small robust stacks

compared to the graphite based designs we see in textbooks

Motive fuel cell systems need to be light & powerful for vehicles

• Especially true for smaller vehicles

• Especially true for aircraft

• Less of an issue for bus and materials handling

• Thin metal plate cell technologies make for light stacks

IE 2016 example of lightweight optimisationIE 2015 Power Density info


Range & Refuelling – typical ICE

Author (HK) currently drives a diesel car• Next car won’t be a diesel!

Fill up every 3 to 4 weeks• Trigged by 50-100 miles left in tank, supermarket

discount voucher, upcoming long journey• Avoid expensive motorway fuel

Less than 5 minutes to fill up• Queue - waits until the next day/opportunity

Planning - negligible‘Fill and go’ is the norm‘Range Anxiety’ - Negligible

• Run out of fuel? No• In traffic queue? No

• Find fuel? Yes• Fuelling time? No• Queue for fuel? Maybe but doesn’t matter

• Plan ahead? To save money16

Total Relaxation

Calm

Minor fear

Aggitated

High Anxiety

Full Panic


Range & Refuelling – BEV for short commute

BEV range good if you spend ££££• 100 mi – basic BEV, 300+ mi – hi-spec BEV

Average commute (DOT Transport Statistics 2016)

• 26 miles, 52 miles daily

Refill time• 8 hours available when at work, 14 hours overnight• Domestic charge slower than commercial

Planning - relies on routineUse routine ‘down time’ to chargeSome ‘Range Anxiety’ - Some

• Run out of fuel? OK known routine• In traffic queue? Some risk

• Find fuel? Home yes, work?• Fuelling time? Long but uses ‘downtime’• Queue for fuel? Home no, work?

• Plan ahead? Routine dependant17

Total Relaxation

Calm

Minor fear

Aggitated

High Anxiety

Full Panic

BEV Sales

In journey heater use will add to anxiety


Range & Refuelling – Basic BEV for long journeys

BEV range limited unless you spend ££££100 mi – basic BEV

Refill time• 30 minutes to 80%

ROSPA recommended driving stops• 15 minutes per 2 hours

Typical meal stops• ½ to 1 hour per 4-6 driven hours

Planning – dominates journeyCharging – extended & additional stops‘Range Anxiety’ - high

• Run out of fuel? Real Risk• In traffic queue? Real Risk

• Find fuel? Needs planning, OK in future• Fuelling time? Dominates journey• Queue for fuel? Serious journey delay

• Plan ahead? Critical18

Total Relaxation

Calm

Minor fear

Aggitated

High Anxiety

Full Panic

In journey heater use will add to anxiety


Range & Refuelling – Hi-spec BEV for long journeys

BEV range good if you spend ££££300 mi + HI-spec BEV

Refill time• 75 minutes to 100%

ROSPA recommended driving stops• 15 minutes per 2 hours

Typical meal stops• ½ to 1 hour per 4-6 driven hours

Planning – some neededCharging – leisurely meal stops‘Range Anxiety’ - some


• Find fuel? Some planning, OK in future• Fuelling time? Manageable with planning• Queue for fuel? Serious journey delay

• Plan ahead? Some19

Total Relaxation

Calm

Minor fear

Aggitated

High Anxiety

Full Panic


FCEV range good300 mi +

Refill time• Less than 5 mins• Comparable to petrol ONCE INFRASTRUCTURE PRESENT

Planning - negligible‘Fill and go’ is the norm‘Range Anxiety’ - Low


• Find fuel? Yes• Fuelling time? No

• Queue for fuel? Maybe but doesn’t matter

• Plan ahead? To save money

Range & Refuelling – FCEV

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Total Relaxation

Calm

Minor fear

Aggitated

High Anxiety

Full Panic

Range & quick fill means viable for 24/7 autonomous vehicles


Fuel Cell Vehicle Availability - Cars

Model Hyundai ix35 Toyota Mirai Honda Clarity FCV

Released 2013 (1st series production fuel cell vehicle)

2014 2016 (US)

Availability 13 European countries, US, South Korea

Japan, US, Europe US – CA only

Price £53,105 £65,219 $369 per month

H2 Storage 70MPa compressed H2 70MPa compressed H2 70MPa compressed H2

Fuel Cell 100kW PEM 113kW PEM 100kW PEM

Range 369 miles 312 miles 366 miles

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• Early stages of production ramp-up• Growth limited by cost and infrastructure


Sources, acknowledgments and assumptions

Fuel Cell Assembly Line Commissionedhttp://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130219006667/en/Intelligent-Energy-Suzuki-

Motor-Corporation-Announce-Completion

Hydrogen cylinder gunshot YouTube - Toyotahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVNojwqylYM

Hydrogen cylinder bonfire PRV venting YouTube – Dynetek (Lincoln Composites)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZdVtTOKTok

KPMG’s Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2017/01/global-automotive-executive-

survey-2017.pdf

Technology Roadmaps: Automotive Council UKhttp://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/

Transport Statistics Great Britain: 2016 Department for Transporthttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/576095/tsgb-

2016-report-summaries.pdf

RoSPA Safer Journey Plannerhttps://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/road-safety/drivers/safer-journey-

planner.pdf

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http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130219006667/en/Intelligent-Energy-Suzuki-Motor-Corporation-Announce-Completion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVNojwqylYM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZdVtTOKTok

https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2017/01/global-automotive-executive-survey-2017.pdf

http://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/576095/tsgb-2016-report-summaries.pdf

https://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/road-safety/drivers/safer-journey-planner.pdf


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