marklogosdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/third-edition/004-mark/004...review,!cont.!...

Mark!!

Lesson*#4*

Who*Is*This*Man?*(1:*16745)*

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In!Lesson!#3!we!closely!examined!Mark’s!“Prologue”!(1:!1A15),!and!we!learned!that!the!Gospel*according*to*Mark!begins!with!a!proclamaIon!that!Jesus!Christ!is!the!Son*of*God.!!!!

Further,!we!learned!that!his!dramaIc!entry!into!history!was!foretold!700!years!earlier!by!Isaiah!the!prophet,!and!we!learned!that!John!the!BapIst!paved!the!way!for!Jesus’!mission,!the!inauguraIon!of!a!new!age:!!the!Kingdom*of*God.!!

Against!the!background!of!the!1st!stateAsponsored!persecuIon!of!the!Church!in!Rome!by!the!Emperor!Nero!(A.D.!64A68),!Mark’s!message!is!an!urgent!“call!to!acIon”!addressed!to!a!frightened!community,!a!call!to!stand!fast!regardless!of!the!cost.!!!!!

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We!also!learned!in!Lesson!#3!that!Mark!intensifies!his!message!by!employing!a!variety!of!rhetorical!and!stylisIc!devices:!!

• Mark!tells!his!readers!who!Jesus!is—the!Son*of*God,!but!he!withholds!that!informaIon!from!the!main!characters!in!his!story,!creaIng!narraIve!tension;!• Mark!uses!the!connecIve!“and”!repeatedly!(of!the!11,022!words!in!Mark,!1,084!are!“and”);!• Mark!uses!the!word!“immediately”!repeatedly!(41!Imes,!o^en!in!combinaIon:!!“and*Immediately.”!!In!contrast,!Ma_hew!uses!“immediately”!only!5!Imes;!Luke!only!once);!and!• Mark!uses!the!“historical*present”!tense!frequently!(suddenly!shi^ing!a!past!event!to!the!grammaIcally!present!tense,!intensifying!the!sense!of!urgency).!

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!! !!! !!!Preview!

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Lesson!#4!begins!with!the!echo!of!1:!14A15!sIll!in!our!ears:!!“AIer*John*had*been*arrested*Jesus*came*into*Galilee*

proclaiming*the*gospel*of*God*and*saying:**“The*appointed*Mme*

has*been*fulfilled,*and*the*kingdom*of*God*is*fast*approaching;*

repent*and*believe*in*the*gospel.”***

Verses!14A15!strike!a!dissonant,!ominous!chord.!!We!know!that!John’s!arrest!will!result!in!his!murder!by!Herod!AnIpas,!and!in!these!verses!Jesus!steps!in!and!takes!John’s!place,!not!simply!conInuing!John’s!work,!but!expanding!it!from!Judea!north!to!Galilee,!the!1st!century!hotbed!of!radical!thinking!and!revoluIonary!movements.!!!!

Mark’s!readers!would!have!sensed!the!danger!immediately,!trembling!at!the!inevitable!conflict!they!knew!would!follow.!!!!

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Once!in!Galilee!in!1:!16,!Jesus’!acIons!occur!with!rapid!fire!rapidity:!!Jesus!calls!his!disciples!and!they!immediately!abandon!their!nets!and!their!families;!he!preaches!at!the!synagogue!in!Capernaum,!people!are!“astonished”!and!demons!cry!out;!hundreds!are!healed;!a!leper!is!cleansed;!demons!dot!the!landscape;!crowds!grow!to!dangerous!size,!following!Jesus!everywhere,!crushing!him!in!the!throng:!!he!cannot!enter!a!town!because!of!them.!And!the!overwhelming!quesIon!becomes:!!“Who!is!this!man!who!can!say!and!do!such!things?”!!!

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As!we!enter!the!main!body!of!Mark’s!gospel!(1:!16!–!8:!26),!Jesus!iniIates!his!public!ministry!in!rural!Galilee,!100!miles!north!of!Jerusalem,!far!away!from!the!center!of!poliIcal!and!religious!power.!!!

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Arbel!Cliff!!!

Jesus’!boyhood!home!!!

Headquarters!of!Jesus!public!ministry!

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Dr.*Creasy*teaching*on*the*Arbel*Cliff*overlooking*the*northwestern*shore*of*

the*Sea*of*Galilee.**Ninety*percent*of*Jesus*public*ministry*took*place*here.*

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• Herod!the!Great,!pronounced!“king!of!the!Jews”!by!the!Roman!Senate,!brutally!rules!all!of!Judea,!Samaria!and!Galilee!as!a!Roman!“vassal!king”!for!34!years!(37A4!B.C.),!murdering!anyone—including!his!own!wife!and!children—who!threaten!him;!• Upon!his!death,!Herod’s!three!sons!inherit!his!kingdom,!Herod!AnIpas!ruling!as!Tetrarch!of!Galilee!and!Perea,!A.D.!6A39!(Herod!AnIpas!murders!John!the!BapIst!and!interrogates!Jesus);!• In!A.D.!6!Judas!of!Galilee,!leader!of!the!emerging!Zealot!party!(the!“terrorists”!of!their!day),!leads!an!armed!revolt!in!response!to!a!census!imposed!for!Roman!tax!purposes;!it!is!brutally!crushed;!• !The!Emperor!Caligula!(A.D.!37A41)!accuses!Herod!AnIpas!of!planning!a!rebellion!against!Rome!and!exiles!him,!clamping!down!on!Galilee.!!

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Galilee!was!a!1st!century!!hotbed!of!rebellion!and!

radical!thought!!

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• This!“crisis!under!Caligula”!(A.D.!37A41)!marks!the!first!open!break!between!Rome!and!the!Jews,!a!break!that!will!result!in!catastrophic,!allAout!war!in!30!years;!• Two!brothers,!Jacob!and!Simon,!lead!a!revolt!against!Rome,!concentrated!in!Galilee!(A.D.!46A48);!it!is!crushed!and!the!brothers!are!executed;!• Sporadic!insurrecIons!conInue!in!Galilee!and!throughout!PalesIne!unIl!the!outbreak!of!the!Great!Jewish!War!in!A.D.!66;!!• !In!A.D.!66!the!Emperor!Nero!appoints!Vespasian!to!crush!the!Jewish!rebellion,!and!he!begins!at!its!origin,!clearing!Galilee!of!its!insurgents.!

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In!the!Gospel*according*to*John,!when!Phillip!tells!Nathanael:!!“We*have*

found*the*one*about*whom*Moses*

wrote*in*the*law,*and*also*the*

prophets,*Jesus,*son*of*Joseph,*from*

Nazareth,”*Nathanael!replies:!!“Can*anything*good*come*from*

Nazareth?”!(1:!45).!!Nathanael’s!response!not!only!expresses!his!!skepIcism!of!the!Iny,!insignificant!Galilean!town!of!Nazareth,!but!also!of!the!reputaIon!of!Galilee!as!a!center!of!radical!thinking!and!rebellious!poliIcal!movements.!!

Nothing!but!trouble!could!possibly!come!from!Galilee!!!!*

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With!that!in!mind,!let’s!!drop!into!the!text!and!!

have!a!look!!

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The!Gospel!According!to!Mark!“Who!is!this!man?”!(1:!16!–!8:!26)!

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The!first!half!of!Mark’s!gospel!focuses!on!Jesus’!idenIty:!!“Who!is!this!man!who!can!say!and!do!such!things?”!!Here,!our!narraIve!moves!rapidAfire!from!one!scene!to!another,!each!scene!further!exposing!Jesus’!idenIty,!each!scene!!adding!to!our!narraIve!tension,!and!each!scene!amplifying!the!growing!conflict!in!our!story.!!Follow!the!movement:!!

Jesus!calls!his!disciples!(1:!16A20)!An!evil!spirit!a_acks!(1:!21A28)!

!People*are*amazed!(1:!27)!Peter’s!motherAinAlaw!is!healed;!great!crowds!gather!(1:!29A34)!Jesus!retreats!to!a!solitary!place!for!prayer!(1:!35A39)!A!man!with!leprosy!is!healed!(1:!40A45)!A!paralyIc!is!healed!(2:!1A12)!

!People*are*amazed!(2:!12)!

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The!Gospel!According!to!Mark!“Who!is!the!man?”!(1:!16!–!8:!26),!cont.!

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Levi!(Ma_hew)!is!called!as!a!disciple!(2:!13A17)!John’s!disciples!and!the!Pharisees!a_ack:!!fasIng!(2:!18A22)!Pharisees!a_ack:!!picking!grain!on!the!Sabbath!(2:!23A27)!Pharisees!a_ack:!!healing!on!the!Sabbath!(3:!1A6)!

!Pharisees*and*Herodians*plot*to*kill*Jesus!(3:!6)!Large!crowds!gather!(3:!7A12)!

!Evil*spirits*cry*out!(3:!11A12)!Apostles!appointed!(3:!13A19)!Jesus!is!a_acked!(3:!20A35)!

!Jesus’!family!says!that!“he!is!out!of!his!mind”!(3:!21)!!Teachers!of!the!Law!claim!“he!is!possessed!by!Beelzebub”!(3:!22)!!Jesus’!mother!and!brothers!want!to!“take!charge”!of!him!(3:!31A35)!! !Jesus*denounces*his*mother*and*brothers*(3:!33A35)!

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Jesus!teaches!(4:!1A34)!!Parable!of!the!sower!(4:!1A20)!!Parable!of!the!lamp!(4:!21A25)!!Parable!of!the!growing!seed!(4:!26A29)!!Parable!of!the!mustard!seed!(4:!30A32)!!Many!other!parables!(4:!33A34)!

Jesus!calms!a!storm!(4:!35A41)!!Disciples*are*terrified!(4:!41)!

Jesus!heals!(5:!1A34)!!DemonApossessed!man!of!Gaderene!(5:!1A20)!!Jairus’!daughter!(5:!21A24a;!35A43)!!Woman!subject!to!bleeding!(5:!24bA34)!

Jesus*is*rejected*at*Nazareth*(6:!1A6a)!

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Jesus!sends!out!the!twelve!(6:!6bA13)!John!is!murdered!(6:!14A29)!Jesus!retreats!to!a!solitary!place!to!pray!(6:!30A44)!

!Jesus!teaches!and!feeds!the!5,000!(6:!33A44)!Jesus!walks!back!home!on!the!water!(6:!45A56)!Pharisees!and!teachers!of!the!Law!a_ack:!!eaIng!with!unclean!hands!(7:!1A23)!Disgusted,!Jesus!leaves!Galilee!

!Tyre!(7:!24A30)!! !Jesus!encounters!the!Syrphoenician!woman!(7:!25A30)!!Decapolis!(7:!31A37)!! !Jesus!encounters!the!deaf!and!mute!man!(7:!32A35)!! !People*are*overwhelmed*and*amazed!(7:!37)!

Jesus!returns!to!Galilee!(8:!1A26)!!!

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In!this!acMon*sequence*our!narraIve!jumps!quickly!from!one!scene!to!another,!and!as!it!does!we!learn!that:!!

• Jesus’!days!are!packed*with!acIvity;!• With!each!day!the!crowds!grow!ever!larger,!hemming!him!in,!creaIng!a!claustrophobic!sense!in!the!reader;!• Demons!dog!Jesus’!steps!at!every!turn;!• The!religious!leaders!flat!out!reject!Jesus;!• Jesus’!own!family!rejects!him;!• OpposiIon!against!Jesus!intensifies;!• Jesus!grows!increasingly!impaIent!with!his!disciples’!lack!of!understanding.!

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Now,!let’s!take!a!close*look!at!our!opening!scene,!Jesus!choosing!his!disciples,!his!“inner!circle.”!!

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!And!passing!along!beside!the!Sea!of!Galilee!he!saw!Simon!and!Andrew,!the!brother!of!Simon,!casIng!a!net!in!the!sea!for!they!were!fishers!and!Jesus!said!to!them,!“Come!a^er!me!and!I!will!make!you!to!become!fishers!of!men,”!and!immediately!leaving!the!nets!they!followed!him.!!

!And!going!on!a!li_le!farther,!he!saw!James!the!son!of!Zebedee!and!John!his!brother!and!they!were!in!the!boat!mending!the!nets!and!immediately!he!called!them!and!leaving!their!father!Zebedee!in!the!boat!with!the!hired!servants!they!went!a^er!him.!!!!

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• NoIce!in!this!literal!translaIon!that!Mark!conInues!the!repeIIve!use!of!“and”!and!“and*immediately,”!moving!the!acIon!forward!quickly.!• NoIce,!too,!that!we!are!given!no!background!whatsoever!of!a!prior!relaIonship!between!Jesus!and!Peter/Andrew,!James/John.!!In!Mark!they!appear!to!be!complete!strangers!who!instantly!leave!their!business!and!families!to!follow!Jesus.!

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How!odd.!

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• We!know!from!reading!the!Gospel*according*to*John,!Chapters!1!&!2!that!Jesus!has!spent!considerable!Ime!with!his!potenIal!disciples,!even!before!he!relocates!from!Nazareth!to!Capernaum;!• We!know!that!Peter,!Andrew,!James!and!John!are!from!Bethsaida,!a!village!a!few!miles!north!of!Capernaum,!and!that!Peter!and!his!wife,!as!well!as!Andrew,!live!in!his!motherAinAlaw’s!home!at!Capernaum;!• We!know!that!Zebedee!and!his!sons,!James!and!John,!are!partners!in!a!commercial!fishing!business!on!the!Sea!of!Galilee!with!Peter!and!Andrew;!and!• We!know!that!Salome,!James!and!John’s!mother,!is!Mary’s!sister!(or!sisterAinAlaw),!making!James!and!John!Jesus’!cousins.!!!

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So!why!does!Mark!!omit!all!these!details?!

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The!Answer!!!

Mark!carefully!selects!and!arranges!his!material!to!suit!his!narraMve*purpose,!which!is!to!speed!his!story!forward!and!to!create!an!intense!sense!of!urgency,!not!to!give!an!unabridged!account!of!Jesus’!public!ministry.!!

Mark!strips!away!all!excessive!detail,!streamlining!his!story!and!focusing!with!laserAlike!sharpness!on!achieving!his!narraIve!purpose.!!


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!And!they!enter![note*the*“historical*present”*tense]!into!Capernaum!and!immediately!on!the!Sabbath,!entering!into!the!synagogue,!he!taught!and!they!were!astonished!at!his!teaching!for!he!was!teaching!them!as!one!having!authority!and!not!as!the!scribes,!and!immediately!there!was!in!their!synagogue!a!man!with!an!unclean!spirit!and!he!cried!out,!saying!“What!have!you!to!do!with!us,!Jesus!Nazarene?!!Have!you!come!to!destroy!us?!!I!know!who!you!are—the!Holy!One!of!God!”!and!Jesus!commanded!him!sternly!saying,!“Be!quite!and!come!out!of!him,”!and!throwing!him!into!convulsions!the!unclean!spirit!let!out!a!shriek!and!he!came!out!of!him!and!they!were!all!astonished!so!that!they!debated!among!themselves!saying,!“What!is!this?!!A!new!teaching!with!authority!and!he!commands!the!unclean!spirits!and!they!obey!him!”!!And!the!news!of!him!went!forth!immediately!into!all!the!surrounding!region!of!Galilee.!!!!

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• The!passage!opens!with!the!“historical!present”!tense,!suddenly!shi^ing!a!past!event!into!the!grammaIcally!present!tense;!• Again,!Mark!uses!“and”!and!“immediately”!repeIIvely,!driving!the!acIon!forward;!• People!are!“astonished”!at!his!teaching,!asking!themselves:!!“Who!can!this!be?”;!• We!meet!our!first!(of!many)!“unclean!spirits”!or!“demons”;!• Unlike!the!characters!in!the!story,!the!unclean!spirit!knows!precisely*who!Jesus!is,!as!do!we,!his!readers;!• The!crowd’s!astonishment!grows;!• News!of!Jesus!spreads!like!wildfire!throughout!Galilee.!

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!And!immediately!a^er!leaving!the!synagogue!they!came!into!the!house!of!Simon!and!Andrew,!with!James!and!John.!!Now!Simon’s!motherAinAlaw!lay!sick!with!a!fever!and!immediately!they!tell!him![note*again*the*“historical*present”*tense]!about!her!and!approaching!her!he!raised!her,!holding!her!hand,!and!the!fever!le^!her!and!she!ministered!to!them.!!

!That!evening!a^er!sunset!they!brought!to!him!all!who!were!sick!and!those!who!were!demon!possessed!and!the!whole!city!was!gathered!at!the!door!and!he!healed!many!who!were!sick!with!various!diseases!and!he!cast!out!many!demons!and!he!did!not!allow!the!demons!to!speak!because!they!knew!him.!

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• Mark!conInues!the!repeIIve!use!of!“and”!and!“immediately,”!as!well!as!employing!the!“historical!present”!tense;!• Jesus!casts!out!an!“unclean!spirit”!in!the!synagogue!and!he!heals!Peter’s!motherAinAlaw.!!News!of!this!flies!through!the!region,!and!by!sundown!the!enIre!city!turns!out!at!Peter’s!house,!bringing!with!them!the!sick!and!demon!possessed,!all!of!whom!Jesus!heals;!• In!this!scene!we!begin!to!see!the!prominence!of!“unclean!spirits”!or!“demons”!that!populate!Mark’s!narraIve—and!!and!we!learn!that!Jesus!has!complete!control!over!them,!as!he!had!over!Satan!in!the!temptaIon!scene.!

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!And!very!early!in!the!night,!rising!up,!he!went!out!and!departed!to!a!lonely!place!and!prayed!there!and!Simon!and!his!companions!hunted*him!and!they!found!him!and!said!to!him,!!“Everyone!is!searching!for!you,”!and!he!says!to!them![“historical*present”*tense],!“Let!us!go!somewhere!else!to!the!towns!nearby!in!order!that!I!may!proclaim!there!also,!for!this!is!what!I!came!out!for”!and!he!came!proclaiming!in!their!synagogues!throughout!all!Galilee!and!driving!out!the!demons.!!!!!!

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NoIce!in!1:!36!that!“Simon!and!his!companions!hunted!him![Jesus].”!!!!

• The!Greek!word!is!katadiwvkw [pronounced,!kata7de7ō’7ko],!a!compound!of!katav [the!preposiIon!“a^er”]!and diwvkw [the!verb!“to!pursue,”!or!“to!hunt”],!a!very!aggressive!word.!• As!when!Mark!says!that!the!Holy!Spirit!“drives”!Jesus!into!the!desert!a^er!his!bapIsm,!rather!than!Ma_hew!and!Luke’s!more!passive!“led!him,”!here!Peter!and!his!friends!“hunt”!Jesus,!rather!the!more!passive!“went!looking!for.”!!

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!And!a!leper!comes!to!him![“historical*present”*tense]!begging!him!and!falling!on!his!knees!saying!to!him,!“If!you!are!willing!you!can!cleanse!me,”!and!being!filled!with!compassion!he!stretched!out!his!hand!and!touched!him!and!says!to!him![“historical*present”*tense],!“I!am!willing;!be!cleansed,”!and!immediately!the!leprosy!le^!him!and!he!was!cleansed,!and!sternly!warning!him,!immediately!he!put!him!out!and!he!says!to!him![“historical*present”*tense],!“See!that!you!say!nothing!to!anyone,!but!go,!show!yourself!to!the!priest!and!offer!for!your!cleansing!what!Moses!commanded!for!a!tesImony!to!them,”!but!he,!going!out,!began!to!proclaim!many!things!and!to!spread!the!news!so!that!he!was!no!longer!able!to!enter!a!city!openly,!but!he!was!outside!in!desert!places!and!they!came!to!him!from!everywhere.!

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As!we!end!this!opening!scene!(1:!16A45),!Jesus!has:!!!

• Assembled!the!inner!circle!of!his!disciples:!!Peter,!Andrew,!James!and!John;!• Cast!out!an!“unclean!spirit”!on!the!Sabbath!at!the!synagogue!in!Capernaum;!• Cured!Peter’s!motherAinAlaw!on!the!Sabbath;!• Cured!many*who!were!sick!and!demonApossessed,!later!that!evening;!• Traveled!throughout!Galilee,!curing!the!sick!and!driving!out!demons;!!• Cleansed!a!leper;!and!• The!crowds!have!grown!so!large!that!Jesus!is!unable!to!enter!a!town.!

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NoIce!that!as!Mark!launches!his!story,!all!of!these!acIons!take!place!in!a!very!short!period!of!Ime,!all!of!them!in!linear!fashion,!with!tripAhammer!rapidity.!!

This!quick!movement!in!a!straight!line!will!conInue!throughout!Mark’s!enIre!gospel,!ending!dramaIcally!and!abruptly!at!the!empty!tomb.!*

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• We!have!witnessed!Mark’s!sparse!narraIve!with!its!noIceable!lack!of!detail,!deliberately!cra^ed!to!propel!the!narraIve!forward;!• We!have!noIced,!too,!Mark’s!carefully!employed!stylisIc!and!rhetorical!devices!that!drive!the!narraIve!everAfaster;!and!• We!have!seen!how!Mark’s!narrator!shares!informaIon!with!his!readers!that!he!withholds!from!the!major!characters!in!his!story,!creaIng!escalaIng!tension.!*

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This!is!truly!superb!cra^smanship,!and!we!have!only!just!begun!Mark’s!gospel!!!Now,!let!me!share!with!you!some!photos!of!the!places!Jesus!knew.!*

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!Nazareth!!

Capernaum!!

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Jesus’!Journey!from!Nazareth!to!Capernaum!

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!Capernaum!!

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Photography*by*Ana*Maria*Vargas*

Entrance*to*the*archaeological*site*of*Capernaum.*

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Capernaum’s*4th7century*synagogue,*built*over*the*remains*of*

the*original*1st7century*basalt*structure.*

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Flooring*of*the*original*1st7century*basalt*synagogue*where*Jesus*taught.*

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The*archaeological*remains*of*St.*Peter’s*house*at*Capernaum.*

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The*church*built*over*the*remains*of*St.*Peter’s*house.*

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Olive*Press,*part*of*everyday*life*at*Capernaum*in*Jesus’*day.*

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St.*Peter,*himself.**Pope*John7Paul*II*visited*Capernaum*in*March,*2000.*

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Morning*on*the*Sea*of*Galilee.*

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Boats*on*the*Sea*of*Galilee.*

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Dr.*Creasy’s*colleague,*Daniel*Carmel,*casMng*a*net*on*the*Sea*of*Galilee.*

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“Jesus!Calling!His!Disciples”!(mosaic),*c.*1270.**St.*Mark’s*Basilica,*Venice.*

QuesIons!for!discussion!and!thought!**

1.   Why!does!Jesus!relocate!from!Nazareth!to!Capernaum!to!begin!his!public!ministry?!!Why!not!go!to!Jerusalem,!the!major!urban!populaIon!center!and!the!center!of!both!religious!and!poliIcal!power?!

2.   Why!does!Jesus!choose!Peter,!Andrew,!James!and!John!as!his!first!disciples?!

3.   In!our!brief!opening!scene!Jesus!heals!the!sick!and!drives!out!many!demons.!!Why!does!Mark!emphasize!this,!rather!than!Jesus’!teaching,!as!does!Ma_hew?!

4.   Why!does!Jesus!forbid!the!demons!to!speak?!!Why!does!he!forbid!the!leper!to!speak?!!Why!does!the!leper!do!so!anyway?!

5.   How!does!this!opening!scene!affect!your!understanding!of!who!Jesus!is!and!what!he!means!to!you?!

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Copyright!©!2014!by!William!C.!Creasy!! All! rights! reserved.! No! part! of! this! course—audio,! video,!photography,! maps,! Imelines! or! other! media—may! be!reproduced!or!transmi_ed!in!any!form!by!any!means,!electronic!or! mechanical,! including! photocopying,! recording! or! by! any!informaIon! storage! or! retrieval! devices! without! permission! in!wriIng!or!a!licensing!agreement!from!the!copyright!holder.!

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