Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

Mr. Booth’s World History1300 – 1500 CE

Q of D: Analyzing 3 Causes of the Protestant Reformation

Directions: Write the following questions and answer them. You may use p. 488 for help. (3-4 minutes)

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- By 1500, many forces weakened the Catholic Church.

1.How did the Renaissance weaken the church?

2.How did German rulers want to challenge the political power of the church?

3.What practices of the Catholic Church in the 1500’s might have upset churchgoers?

ANSWERS

1. Secular during Ren. (Here and the Now instead of religion)

2. Germans resented distant control; new ideas were weakening the Church

3. Popes pursued worldly affairs; some priests drank and gambled

2 OBJECTIVES TODAY

1. Catholic Church Hierarchy– People were– I.M.A.D!

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2. Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation.

• Luther’s Ideas were• F.U.N.

Protestant Reformation: The Beginning

- Protestant = someone who protestedthe Catholic Church

- Reformation = When people demand changes

- The Protestant Reformation began because the Catholic Church made Protestants say

I.M.A.D!

I =Indulgences • A monk/friar named

Johann Tetzel was raising money

• Why?• To rebuild St. Peter’s

Cathedral in Rome.

• To raise money he sold Indulgences: Certificates of Pardon to absolve sin

• Who would this anger?

M = Merchants -Merchants want usury

Usury = lending money & charging interest

-Church says usury is wrong… Hypocrisy?

Q: Who would this anger?

A = Absolute Power and Wealth of Church

• Why was the Catholic Church so powerful in Europe?

1.For many the church represented the chance to go to heaven and one day go to heaven.

2.Pope had power over the king because of the threat of excommunication.

D = Domination of the Church by Italians

(Germans/English are mad)

• People of Germany and England resented paying taxes to Rome because they did nothing for them.

• “Rome was way down there, and we’re way up here.”

• What can you conclude about I.M.A.D.?

Martin Luther

Martin Luther: His 3 Ideas were F.U.N.

FUN

1. Faith only saves people - not good works

-Catholic church = salvation by following church-Q: Who will not like this idea of Luther’s? Why?

2. Ultimate authority for Christians = Bible-Q: Who will this anger? Who did Catholics think was the

authority?-Catholic Church says Pope is Ultimate Authority

3. Nobody is more important in God’s eyes-All people with faith are equal. Therefore, people did not need

priest to interpret the Bible for them.

How did Luther’s Ideas Spread?

• Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press (Guternberg)

AND

• Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.

The Peasants’ Revolt/Edict of Worms• In 1524, German peasants were excited about

Luther’s 95 theses. Then, something happened!• Peasant Revolt Across Germany:

– Raided monasteries, pillaging, and burning.

• The prince’s armies crushed the revolt– 100,000 people may have been killed

• Edict of Worms: Luther outlawed as a heretic and excommunicated. “No one should shelter and feed Luther– Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony does

• Heretic: Different views then the church• Legacy of Edict of Worms: No one listens and the

denomination of Lutheranism begins.

Protestantism1. Eastern Orthodox (East-West Schism)2. Roman Catholic3. Protestant- (Reformation/16th century)

• Lutheran• Anglican

– Episcopalian– Baptist– Methodist– Pentecostal

• Calvin– Presbyterian

Henry VIII• King of England in 1509

(devout Catholic)• Wife - Catherine of Aragon

Daughter - Mary – but no woman ever

successfully claimed the English throne.

• He wants a son!– so he asked the Pope to annul

or cancel his marriage, Pope says no

Henry VIII’s Six Wives

King Henry VIIIDad of the Anglican Chruch

D- Divorce. Henry wants one, pope says no

A – Anglican Church, Henry in charge, no Pope

D- Did away with Catholic Church’s land and wealth of church

John Calvin

• From France• Broke from Catholic

Church and started his own

• Published Institutes of the Christian Religion

Calvin’s Ideas

P- Predestination- You don’t get there by good works, you get there because God chooses you

O- Our moral lives reveal if we’re chosen by God

W – Work ethic than honors God

Protestantism Today

• 400 Million Protestants Worldwide• In the U.S., Religious adherents are:– 21% are Catholic– 23% Protestant– 14% Non-Christian– 28% Independent Christian– 14% Non-denominational