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2013 Compliance for High Performance Homes

Martyn Dodd

EnergySoft

2

Learning Objectives W

elc

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Understand the major areas of change in the 2013

Residential Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency

Standards including:

Overall changes in scope and application

Envelope Requirements

Mechanical Requirements

Indoor Lighting Requirements

Outdoor Lighting Requirements

Residential includes all Single Family and Multi-Family

3 stories or less

Original Title 24 code cam out in 1978

The 2013 revisions are the most significant changes

since the inception

2013 Title 24 Residential Standards

Overall Changes in Scope and Application

Welcome


● When and Why?

● TDV Changes

● New Registration Procedures

● Performance Modeling

Envelope

Mechanical

Lighting


2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 4

Update Schedule

May 31, 2012 Business Meeting – Language Adoption

Jan 1, 2014 Implementation Date

Any projects that apply for permit on or after Jan 1, 2014 will be

subject to the 2013 Standards.

Information and Documents available at:

www.energy.ca.gov

www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards

What’s N

ew

http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/

By 2020:

All California new residential

construction zero net energy

Low-income homes energy

efficient

Big, bold strategies for energy savings

2013 Update Policy Drivers

5

What’s N

ew

All Standards subchapters are now

renumbered.

More space was needed for

numbering new sections

Using a decimal system

Section 150 becomes 150.0

Section 151 becomes 150.1

All other conventions stay the

same.

Renumbering will causes issues

with current plans and

specifications that use the old

numbering system.

Revised Standards


What’s N

ew

Repository

An electronic storage mechanism to archive all residential HERS

compliance documents

HERS providers will place registered documents, and probably

data files describing the buildings into the repository

Will provide an archived “snapshot” of the building for the CEC

Forms CF-1R/CF-4R/CF-6R will be kept in repository for the

enforcement division

Inspectors can log on to verify projects are registered


Scope &

Applic

ation

Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) Energy

Valuations for electricity, natural gas, and

propane

(Energy units) x (applicable TDV multiplier)

TDV multipliers vary by

energy type

climate zone

building type (e.g. low-rise residential)

date and hour

Also the basis for Zero Net Energy


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TDV and Electricity Time-of-Day Peaks

Source: Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) – Economics Methodology:

PG&E Code Change Proposal 2005 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Update

With TDV value, a kWh saved at a high-cost peak hour is valued

more highly than a kWh saved during an off-peak hour

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Energ

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High-value energy (mid day, early afternoon)

Lower-value energy (early morning, late night)

TDV energy value

Flat energy value

Scope &

Applic

ation


TDV and Time-of-Year Peaks

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Ja

n 1

Fe

b 1

Ma

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Ap

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Ma

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Ju

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Ju

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Au

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Se

p 1

Oct 1

Nov 1

Dec 1

kB

tu/k

Wh

Annual Residential Electricity — Climate Zone 12

Scope &

Applic

ation


Time Dependent Valuation

Values for TDV energy will increase

Significant increases in Electricity and Propane

Scope &

Applic

ation

Average TDV Multipliers

Year Natural Gas Propane Electricity

2008 1.48 1.90 4.09

2013 1.60 4.11 6.23

Increase 8% 116% 52%

Source: Ken Nittler, Nov 2011 CABEC conference


Time Dependent Valuation

Example Home in Zone 16

Scope &

Applic

ation

Natural Gas Home

Type Heating Cooling Fans DHW Total % Better

Standard 42.56 13.45 10.6 20.54 87.16

Proposed 40.47 11.73 9.22 15.44 76.86 11.8%

Propane Home

Type Heating Cooling Fans DHW Total % Better

Standard 109.45 13.45 10.60 52.64 186.14

Proposed 104.24 11.73 9.22 39.58 164.78 11.5%


Updated Weather New weather data used in performance

Uses NREL dataset from 2009

Current data is from 1991

Data based upon historical average

New “reference cities”

Zone 6 - Torrance

Zone 8 – Fullerton

Zone 14 – Palmdale

Zone 15 – Palm Springs

Zone 16 – Blue Canyon

Climate zone boundaries remain the

same

Scope &

Applic

ation

Performance Modeling

ACM Manual and rules still under development

Modeling will use new simulation engine CSE (California Simulation

Engine) that is supplied by the CEC

Simulation will go from once per hour to 30 times per hour for more

accurate mass simulations

Run times will be slower

Credit for Photovoltaic systems in Climate Zones 9-15

CEC will maintain new Compliance Manager software that will

provide Standard/Proposed building rules modeling

All software vendors will use the same Compliance Manager plug-in

for Title 24 results


Scope &

Applic

ation

Performance Compliance Forms

Performance based Compliance forms will be developed in

electronic format (PDF) by the CEC

Compliance forms will be housed on a Web server (Internet)

Certified compliance tools will have to contact the web server

Project information will be uploaded by the software onto the server

Server will hand software back the completed CF-1R report as a

secure PDF

Any creation of a CF-1R will require Internet access to the CEC’s

server

For the HERS registration process, this secure CF-1R will be

uploaded to the HERS provider for registration and signatures, as

per current procedures


Scope &

Applic

ation

Envelope

Welcome


Residential Envelope

● Mandatory Measures

● Fenestration & Insulation

● Radiant Barriers

● Additions and Alterations

● Solar Zones

Mechanical

Lighting


Mandatory Measures (Prescriptive & Performance)

Frame wall insulation minimum = R-13

Ceiling/Roof insulation minimum = R-30

Exception: Addition/Alteration = R-19

Raised floor insulation minimum = R-19

Vapor barrier on walls in Zones 14 & 16

All zones, unvented crawlspace vapor barrier

Maximum fenestration U-factor = 0.58

Typical of Double Pane Metal Frame Low E

Can average across entire home

Exception: up to 10 sqft (or 0.5% times floor area) of

fenestration


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Fenestration

Windows:

Prescriptive U-factor = 0.32 in all

climate zones

Prescriptive SHGC = 0.25 (except

zones 1,3, & 5)

Prescriptive maximum west area of 5%

(except zones 1,3,5 & 6)

While some areas may not require permits

for replacements, these windows would

still be required.


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For non-NFRC certified products

Can be used to determine thermal performance

for residential site-built fenestration

Reference Appendix NA6: Alternate Default Fenestration Procedure


Equation NA6-1

UT=C1+C2xUC

UT = The fenestration product U-factor

C1 = Coefficient selected from Table NA6-1

C2 = Coefficient selected from Table NA6-1

UC = Center of glass U-factor

Equation NA6-2:

SHGCT=0.08+0.86xSHGCC

SHGCT = SHGC for the fenestration

including glass and frame

SHGCC = SHGC for the center of glass alone

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Cool Roofs

Prescriptive Requirement

Low-slope < 2/12 (zones 13, 15)

Reflectance > 0.63

Emittance > 0.75

OR

SRI > 75

Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 10-15)

Reflectance > 0.20

Emittance > 0.75

OR

SRI > 16


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Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)

Calculator

http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/

2008standards/sri_calculator/

Insulation

Prescriptive ceiling insulation increases to

R-38 (zones 1, 11-16)

R-30 in zones 2-10


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Insulation

Prescriptive Wall Insulation

U-Factor = 0.065

R-15 in 2x4 wall cavity

Additional R-4 rigid over framing

members

or;

R-13 in 2x4 wall cavity

Additional R-5 rigid over framing

members


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Spray Foam Insulation

Closed Cell

R-5.8 per inch

Open Cell

R-3.6 per inch

Not required to fill entire

cavity

Alternate is to use tested

values from manufacturer,

but these must be listed with

the Bureau of Home

Furnishings

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2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors January 2012

What the PE Is Verifying

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4.3.1 - A3

Table 4.3.1: Wood Framed Walls

What you see in

the CF-1R

0.102

What you find in

JA Table


Note tables de-rate insulation for framing impacts

Continuous Insulation (One coat Stucco etc)

R-Value rated by Manufacturer

Uses additional columns in table

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Table 4.3.1: Wood Framed

Walls

Advanced Framing

• Uses 24” OC section of table

Radiant Barriers

Prescriptive requirement in climate zones

2-15

Note in the case of a “sealed attic” there is

technically no attic space, so the radiant

barrier is not relevant in this case.


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Additions and Alterations

Clarifies that all IAQ requirements apply to

additions less than 1,000 sqft except the whole

house ventilation

Glazing replacements need to meet the

prescriptive criteria from prior slide

Exception applies if all items are met

Window Area <= 75 sqft

U-factor <= 0.40

SHGC <= 0.35 (zones 2, 4, 6-16)


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Optional Heat Recovery Ventilators

IAQ

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Used to meet Whole-building ventilation

January 2012 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors

IAQ and Mechanical Ventilation (cont.)

January 2012

Example shows

operation heating

mode where the

cold air from

outside is heated

via the warm air

leaving the building.

Systems can do the

opposite when in

cooling mode.


Two performance paths for analysis

Standard approach gives very little credit

Third party HERS verification allows full credit


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Standard Design for Alterations

Component Without HERS With HERS

Roof Insulation R-30 Existing Condition

Wall Insulation R-13 Existing Condition

Floor Insulation R-19 Existing Condition

Windows U=0.40, SHGC=0.35 U=0.40, SHGC=0.35

unless existing is lower

Window Film U=0.40, SHGC=0.35



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Standard Design for Alterations

Component Without HERS With HERS

HVAC Efficiency 78% AFUE / 13 SEER Existing Condition

Duct Leakage 6% (new ducts) 15% (existing ducts)

Duct Insulation Proposed R-Value Existing Condition

Water Heater Std gas, 0.58 EF Existing Condition

Roofs Cool Roof, if required

All other measures Proposed Existing Condition

Roof Replacements

Low-slope < 2/12 (zones 13,15)

Reflectance > 0.65

Emittance > 0.75

OR

SRI > 75

Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 10-15)

Reflectance > 0.20

Emittance > 0.75

OR

SRI > 16


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Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)

Calculator

http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/

2008standards/sri_calculator/

Steep Slope Cool Roof Trade-offs

2013 Title 24 Standards 32

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Steep Slope Roof Exceptions

Air-space of 1” is provided above the roof deck; or

The installed roofing product has a profile ratio of rise to width of 1 to 5

for 50 percent or greater of the width of the roofing product; or

Existing ducts in the attic are insulated and sealed according to Section

150.1(c)9; or

Buildings with at least R-38 ceiling insulation; or

Buildings with a radiant barrier in the attic meeting the requirements of

Section 150.1(c)2; or

Buildings that have no ducts in the attic; or

In climate zones 10-15, R-4 or greater insulation above the roof deck.

Low Slope Cool Roof Trade-off Table


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Low-slope Roofs

Aged Solar

Reflectance

Roof Deck

Insulation R-

Value

0.62-0.60 2

0.59-0.55 4

0.54-0.50 6

0.49-0.45 8

0.44-0.40 12

0.39-0.35 16

0.34-0.30 20

0.29-0.25 24

Low Slope Roof Exceptions

No ducts in the attic; or

Insulation at roof deck as shown in table

Single Family Solar Zones

Single family residences located in

subdivisions with ten or more single

residences

Application for subdivision map after Dec

31, 2013

Minimum roof area of 250 square feet

3+ stories and <= 2000 sqft, roof area

required is 150 sqft


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Solar Zone

Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof

No roof obstructions

Designed for weight of solar panels

The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no

dimension < 5 feet

Multi-Family Solar Zones

Multi-Family buildings

Minimum 15% of roof area

The solar zone shall be located on the roof or overhang of the

building or on the roof or overhang of another structure located

within 250 feet of the building or on covered parking installed with

the building

Exceptions are given in Section 110.10


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Solar Zone

Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof

No roof obstructions

Designed for weight of solar panels

The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no

dimension < 5 feet

Mechanical

Welcome


Envelope

Mechanical

● HVAC

● Return Ducts

● DHW

Lighting



HVAC

Mandatory HERS testing for new ducted

systems unless ducts are in conditioned

space

Same applies if doing a duct extension of

40+ feet of duct

New duct systems max 6% leakage

Existing duct systems

Max 15% leakage; or

Max 10% leakage to outside

HVAC bypass ducts not allowed

Minimum duct R-value = 6

Prescriptive duct R-Value = 8 (zones 11,

14-16)

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New efficiencies for DX air

conditioners

Implementation on Jan 1, 2015

Equipment < 65,000 Btuh 14

SEER

HVAC


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HVAC

Condensing units must be at least 5’ from

dryer vent outlet

Whole house IAQ fans require HERS

testing and verification

Continuous operation of HVAC fan not

allowed as IAQ approach

Prescriptive whole house fan required

zones 8-14

Listed in CEC appliance directory

Provides a minimum of 2 cfm/sqft of

floor area

Impact of not doing this in the

performance method not known since

tools are still not available


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Return Ducts

Mandatory return duct(s) sized per tables; or

Have HERS test for 350 cfm/ton & 0.58 w/cfm


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Single Duct

Cooling

Capacity

Minimum

Duct

Diameter

Minimum

Grill Area

1.5 tons 16” 500 in²

2 tons 18” 600 in²

2.5 tons 20” 800 in²

Multiple Duct

Cooling

Capacity

Minimum

Duct-1

Diameter

Minimum

Duct-2

Diameter

Minimum Grill

Area

1.5 tons 12” 10” 500 in²

2 tons 14” 12” 600 in²

2.5 tons 14” 14” 800 in²

3 tons 16” 14” 900 in²

3.5 tons 16” 16” 1000 in²

4 tons 18” 18” 1200 in²

5 tons 20” 20” 1500 in²

Domestic Hot Water

Gas or Propane water heaters serving

individual units

120 v outlet within 3 feet

Category III or IV (or B) straight pipe

vent

Condensate drain

Gas supply sized to deliver at least

200,000 Btuh (1-1/4” gas line?)

All hot water pipes ¾” or larger insulated


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Types recognized by standards:

Standard Water Heater – Storage Gas

50 gallons, gas fired, <75,000 Btu/h

Large Storage Gas – either

>50 gallons, gas fired

OR

>75,000 Btu/h

Storage Electric

Heat Pump Water Heater with storage

Tankless Gas

Tankless Electric

Boiler and Storage Tank (mostly multifamily)

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January 2012 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors January 2012

Domestic Hot Water

Prescriptive Multi-family

Demand control on recirculation loops

8+ Dwelling units require a minimum of

two recirculation loops

Solar System

● 20% Net Solar Fraction (NSF) in

zones 1-9

● 35% NSF in zones 10-16

Cannot install electric DHW unless

● No natural gas available

AND

● Provide 50% NSF solar system


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Lighting

Welcome


Envelope

Mechanical

Lighting

● Bathrooms

● Garages, Laundry Rooms & Utility Rooms

● Outdoor


All lighting fixture requirements are

Mandatory Measures

No tradeoffs between lighting and other

features

Standards apply only to permanently

installed fixtures

Medium screw base treated as

incandescent

Overview of Residential Lighting

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At least 50% of total rated wattage of

permanently installed kitchen lighting must be

high efficacy

No limits to total number of watts installed in a

residential kitchen

Permanently installed lighting that is internal to

cabinets shall use no more than 20 watts of

power per linear foot of illuminated cabinet

Lighting in Residential New, Adds, Alts

Kitchen Lighting

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Included in wattage calculations:

ballasts, transformers, and power supplies

Blank electrical boxes calculated as 180

watts of low efficacy lighting per electrical box


Bathrooms

A minimum of one high efficacy luminaire

shall be installed in each bathroom

AND

All other lighting installed in each

bathroom shall be high efficacy or

controlled by vacancy sensors


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GU-24 CFL photo courtesy of

Conservation Law Foundation

Garages, Laundry Rooms & Utility Rooms

All hard-wired lighting must be high

efficacy lighting

AND

Must be controlled by a vacancy

sensor


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This concludes the Residential Title 24 Standards Training.

Questions?
