masego kealotswe (botswana power corporation - bpc)...
TRANSCRIPT
BOTSWANA – ROLE OF WOMEN IN GRID
INTENSIFICATION
Presented by Masego Kealotswe
(Botswana Power Corporation - BPC)
MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE
09 – 12 June 2009
FACTS AND FIGURES - Botswana
• Location – Southern Africa, landlocked by;
– Republic of South Africa, Zambia, Namibia,
Zimbabwe
– Surface Area 582,000 square kilometers
• Population – 2001 census de facto; 1,694m
– Males 820,000 Females 874,000
• GDP growth – average rate of 5.5% per annum
• Poverty – 2001; 23% lived less than US$1 per day
• Literacy rate – 85%
POLICY PRONOUNCEMENT ON
ENERGY
• National Vision – ‘Vision 2016’;
– Prosperous, productive and innovative nation
• National Development Plan
– Provision of affordable, environmentally friendly and
sustainable energy sources
• Draft National Energy Policy
– Improve access and affordability of energy services
• Botswana Power Corporation
– ‘… rendering quality electrical services that are
affordable, efficient and environmentally prudent.’
IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURES
MMEWR
• Energy sector governed by Ministry of Minerals Energy and Water Resources
EAD
• Responsible for formulation and monitoring of National energy programmes and projects.
BPC
• Implementation of electricity policy objectives
• Implementation of Rural Electrification Programme
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
• Rural electrification
• Gender issues in electricity
• Opportunities for women
involvement in grid intensification
CURRENT RURAL ELECT. PROJECTS
• RE Botswana Programme (US$6.6m)
– Estimated 20, 000 PV customers by 2011
• 100 New Villages Electrification Project
(P550m)
– Estimate >10, 000 new Grid customers by 2016
• 30 New Villages Electrification Project
(P115m)
– Estimate >3, 000 new Grid customers by 2016
• 12 Villages Network Extension (P20m)
• Estimate 2500 new Grid Customers by 2016)
ELECTRIFICATION STATUS
• 300 out of 475 villages Electrified
(~ 63% penetration)
• 47.6% rural access – 124,124
domestic customers
–Access = connections/hh
• Average connection cost –
US$1,000.00
ELECTRIFICATION PENETRATION
• DISTRICTS
• KGALAGADI 65% CENTRAL 73%
KGATLENG 95% CHOBE 100%
• KWENENG 78% NORTH EAST 98%
NGAMILAND 49% SOUTH EAST 100%
• SOUTHERN 56 % GHANTSI 62%
COSTING METHODOLOGIES
a. Non – Grid ProductsA product range (rechargeable lanterns and solar charging stations, solar
electric systems, efficient cooking devices) package for RE Botswana
is currently under development.
b. Corridor Standard Cost VillagesUniform Standard Cost within 500m plus Actual cost beyond 500m from
an existing supply point (Villages electrified before 1999)
c. Non Corridor Standard Cost VillagesEverybody within a village pays the same fee (Villages electrified
during and after 1999 and villages that got their Networks Extended)
THE “RE BOTSWANA” PROJECT
Renewable Energy-based Rural Electrification
– Government of Botswana and UNDP signed Agreement in Oct
2005
– BPC as Implementing Agency
– By 2011 ongoing programme established
– Private sector led delivery via franchise company
– Targeting all rural households, businesses and Government
facilities not connected to the grid.
PV PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
• Home Energy Services:
– Rechargeable lanterns for retail: The Franchise to
establish lantern recharging depots powered by grid or
solar;
• Fee for service Solar Electric Systems of various
sizes for individual customers, Government and
Businesses.– These will provide power for 2-3 and 5-6 lights and low power appliances
(radio, cell phone, television, small refrigerator), can also be used for water
pumping,
– Customers pay a joining fee and monthly charge for maintenance of their
systems.
PV PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
• Efficient cooking appliances designed to reduce
wood usage and smoke (improved wood stoves,
heat retention devices/hot bags)
GRID ELECTRIFICATION
• Started by Government of Botswana in 1975
with assistance from Swedish International
Development Agency.
Eleven (11) Major Villages were electrified
• 1987 Danish International Development
Agency assisted with the electrification of
another Seven (7) major villages
• 1994 GOB & BPC took over (14 villages per
annum)
GRID ELECTRIFICATION
• BPC contributes 40% & GOB 60% to finance
projects at & above 6% IRR
• GOB finances projects below 6% IRR
• BPC responsible for recommendations and
implementation.
• GOB advances rural customers for individual
connections through Rural Collective
Schemes.
GRID CUSTOMER CONNECTIONS
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09
Year
Consumer Numbers
GRADUAL INCREASE IN
CONNECTIONS – 79%
INCREASE IN 15 YEARS
SINGLE WIRE EARTH RETURN PROJECT
• The project started in 1997 with 5 villages in the
Central District
• Pilot project planned to run for 10 years – closed in
2008 (new plan to upgrade to three phase)
• To date there were 904 connected households in the 5
villages
• Businesses and schools require upgrade as their
capacity increases
RURAL COLLECTIVE SCHEME (RCS)
• GOB started with Rural Revolving Electricity
Fund (RREF)
• RCS started in 1988 during NDP 7 to replace
(RREF)
• RCS can cover the whole village or could be a
group of customers in a village.
• By January 2005 there were 1539 RCS in
operation.
RCS OBJECTIVES
• To accelerate development.
• To increase electricity access
• To facilitate group/syndicate formation
• To make electricity affordable
STANDARD COST
• To ensure that beneficiaries share the benefits
of electrification equitably.
• To optimize the cost of designs by producing
a master reticulation plan.
• To reduce cases of pioneer refunds.
• To ease communication with customers.
CONNECTION PAYMENT TERMS
Power less than 35kW (60 Amps Single and Three Phase).
Upfront payment = 5% + (10% of the Total Quote as VAT)
Example; Total Quote = P6, 000.00
Upfront payment (5% of P6, 000.00) = P300.00
VAT (10% of P6, 000.00) = P600.00
Total Deposit = P900.00
Balance of 95% (Maximum) payable as follows:-
In 18 months at no interest, or
In 60 months at Prime Interest Rate less 0.5%, or
In 180 months at Prime Interest Rate.
Power more than 35kW (100 Amps Three Phase and more).
Upfront payment = 10% + (10% of the Total Quote as VAT)
Example: Total Quote = P9, 000.00
Upfront payment (10% of P9, 000.00) = P900.00
VAT (10% of P9, 000.00) = P900.00
Total Deposit = P1, 800.00
Balance 90% (Maximum) payable as follows:-
In 12 months at no interest, or
In 60 months at Prime Interest Rate less 0.25%, or
In 120 months at Prime Interest Rate
CONNECTION PAYMENT TERMS
SECURITY DEPOSITS
Service Amount
Single Phase 60 Amp Domestic P400.00
Three Phase 60 Amp Domestic. P700.00
60Amp Single Phase non-domestic P900.00
60Amp Three Phase non-domestic P1870.00
Above 60Amp Three Phase P90.00/Amp
Every applicant shall pay a deposit with the Corporation a sum of
money on the basis of the cost of the maximum consumption
of electricity likely to be used in two Consecutive months
CHALLENGES
•High capital costs vs. low investment
•Electrified villages are below IRR of 6% set as a
condition for electrification
•Sparsely populated villages makes electrification
expensive
•High connection costs
•Average of US$1000.00
•Inappropriate technology
•Opportunity to utilise SWER not fully explored
•Low consumption rates
GENDER ISSUES IN ENERGY
SECTOR
•Most rural households are dependant on
fuelwood
•Women collect on head-loads, men collect on
wheel-burrows or donkey carts
•Majority of rural households are female
headed
•Households use multiple fuels (wood, LPG,
paraffin, candles)
•Electricity is used by 10% of households –
mostly male-headed
GENDER ISSUES IN ELECTRICITY
•Policy influence by Government – Draft Energy
Policy included a Gender objective
•Gender mainstreaming in electricity projects –
appropriate strategy to market electrification
•Gender mainstreaming objective – ‘To ensure
that electricity needs of both men and women are
included in planning and implementation of the
rural electrification programme’
OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
INVOLVEMENT IN GRID INTENSIFICATION
•Women constitute over two thirds of informal
sector businesses – private households, hotels,
restaurants, wholesale
•Women participate at the same level as men in
village development decisions at community
gatherings
•Girls constitute 70% at Tertiary schools –
Encouraged to engage in electricity careers
HOW DOES BPC INVOLVE WOMEN?
•Collaborating with Government on reducing
connection costs for increased access by female-headed
households – maybe use SWER etc.
•Implementing agency for Gender mainstreaming
project in rural electrification – Supported by
ENERGIA (establishing specific male and female
electricity needs and requirements in a household)
•Participating in the drafting and finalisation of the
National Energy Policy – to ensure all electricity issues
are addressed.
Munto Abrigado