massey university of new zealand - a call for attention … · 2017. 6. 9. · the past decade...
TRANSCRIPT
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Manu Ao July 20 2011Manu Ao, July 20, 2011
A Call For Attention to Indigenous CapitalismsIndigenous Capitalisms
Alexis Celeste Bunten Ph DAlexis Celeste Bunten, Ph.D.
Victoria University, Toihuarewa Scholar
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This Talk…
• Overview• Overview
• Development of the Topic
• Features of “Indigenous Capitalisms” 1. History of Incorporation
2. Negotiation between X‐Cultural Value Systems
3. Dual promise of Assimilation/Colonization3. Dual promise of Assimilation/Colonization
and Self‐Determination
• A call for more research in this area!• A call for more research in this area!
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Orientation: Current ResearchOrientation: Current Research
• Indigenous business development has grown rapidly over the past decade (though not new).
• Scholars beginning to explore Indigenous economic institutions in US, Canada, Aotearoa, Australia.., , ,(BUT largely from within dominant systems of knowledge.)
• Scholars also paying attention to X‐cultural capitalism
• A tension between assimilation and self‐determination
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Comparing Alaska Native and Maori Tourism
Bunten, A. 2010. More Like Ourselves: Indigenous Capitalism Through Tourism. American Indian Quarterly. 34(3): 285‐311.g y ( )
Rotorua, NZ Sitka, Alaska
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Research QuestionsResearch Questions
• Is there something about the way that Indigenous groups run corporations that reflects Indigenous versions of capitalism in organization, guidingversions of capitalism in organization, guiding principles, and operations?
• Do patterns emerge that point to a shared consciousness or a distinct moral economy that can be understood in terms Indigenous capitalisms?understood in terms Indigenous capitalisms?
• A tension between assimilation and self‐determinationA tension between assimilation and self determination
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From Alaska to Aotearoa…
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Late CapitalismLate Capitalism
• Techno‐beaurocratic Control
• Transnationalism
• Global Economies
• Capital Creation Through Technology and Informations SystemsInformations Systems
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Features of Indigenous Capitalism
• Historical and Political Relations ofHistorical and Political Relations of Incorporation (Historical Dialectics)
• Mitigating Value Systems• Mitigating Value Systems
• Assimilation/Internal Colonization and Self‐D i iDetermination
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Origins of Incorporation
• Anglo Settler Colonial Liberal DemocraciesAnglo Settler Colonial Liberal Democracies(US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia)
• Corporations as the preferred institution to engage in commerce
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Incorporation and Land Claims
• 1971 ANCSA (US)1971 ANCSA (US)• 1975 Treat of Waitangi Act (NZ)• 1976 Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act• 1976 Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act (AUS)
• 1984 Western Arctic Claims Settlement Act (CAN)1984 Western Arctic Claims Settlement Act (CAN)• 1993 Land Act (NZ)• 2006 Corporations (Aboriginal and Torres Straight2006 Corporations (Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander) ACT (AUS)
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Land Claims and Natural Resource Extraction
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Early Efforts
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Shareholder Accountability
• Shareholders made up of tribal members
• Stock cannot be alienated
• Shareholder Accountability as a system ofShareholder Accountability as a system of checks and balances
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Mitigating Value Systems
Comparing Corporate Mandates: Makivik (CAN), Wakatu (NZ), Gumala (AUS), Doyon (US)
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Corporations and Conflict
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Indigenous Capitalism as Assimilation?
Land Claims inject capital that must be invested by
Corporations that spread Indigenous interests far from
Indigenous land‐based economies.
Separation from traditional ways of making a livingp y g g
threats to daily activities (like subsistence) that reinforce belief systems that tie people to land to animals to spiritual beliefs
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Indigenous Capitalism as Self‐Determination
• http://www.bbnc.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=164:responsible‐development‐video&catid=36:news‐a‐events&Itemid=44
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Indigenous Values Are Embedded in Indigenous Corporations
• Family and intertribal relations integral to HR and other business decisionsother business decisions
• Business activities support traditional activities and events
• Indigenous communications• Delayed‐revenue generating branches in
d h l b leducation, the arts, language, sustainability, etc.
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New Research In Indigenous Capitalisms Can Include:
• Cross Cultural Economies• Structures of Power• Gender, Law, Governance, etc. • Monitoring Policy• Practical Applications (best practices, entrepreneurship, educational opportunities, etc.)
• Groups outside Anglo Settler Colonial Nations• Groups outside Anglo‐Settler Colonial Nations• Should problematize “dominant” worldviews