massimo giovannozzichamonix xv, january 23-27 20061 electrical circuits required for the minimum...
TRANSCRIPT
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
11
Electrical circuits required for Electrical circuits required for the minimum workable LHC the minimum workable LHC
during commissioning and first during commissioning and first two years of operationtwo years of operation
M. GiovannozziM. Giovannozzi
SummarySummary::
IntroductionIntroduction
Magnetic circuits: commissioningMagnetic circuits: commissioning
Magnetic circuits: first two Magnetic circuits: first two years of operationyears of operation
RF circuitsRF circuits
Conclusions and outlookConclusions and outlook
Acknowledgements: H. Burkardt, S. Fartoukh, E. Acknowledgements: H. Burkardt, S. Fartoukh, E. Métral, F. Ruggiero, R. Saban,Métral, F. Ruggiero, R. Saban, E. Shaposhnikova, E. E. Shaposhnikova, E. Todesco,Todesco, J. TuckmantelJ. Tuckmantel
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
22
AimAim: identify circuits (: identify circuits (magnetic and RFmagnetic and RF) that ) that are critical for the commissioning. are critical for the commissioning.
In general it can be stated that low-order In general it can be stated that low-order correctors are mandatory from day 1, while correctors are mandatory from day 1, while higher-order correctors can be delayed to a higher-order correctors can be delayed to a later stage.later stage.
Of course, Of course, the relevance of a circuit is also a the relevance of a circuit is also a function of the beam conditions.function of the beam conditions.
Inspiring presentation made by O. Brüning at Inspiring presentation made by O. Brüning at the 17the 17thth LHCOP meeting. LHCOP meeting.
IntroductionIntroduction
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
33
Staged commissioning plan for protonsStaged commissioning plan for protons
?25ns ops I
Install Phase II and MKB
25ns ops II
75ns ops
43 bunch operation
Beam commissioning
Machine checkout
Hardware commissioning
?25ns ops I
Install Phase II and MKB
25ns ops II
75ns ops
43 bunch operation
Beam commissioning
Machine checkout
Hardware commissioning
Stage I II III
No beam Beam
IV
I.I. Pilot physics runPilot physics run First collisionsFirst collisions 43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push intensity)intensity)
II.II. 75ns operation75ns operation Establish multiEstablish multi--bunch operation, moderate intensitiesbunch operation, moderate intensities Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle) Push squeeze and crossing angle Push squeeze and crossing angle
III.III. 25ns operation I25ns operation I Nominal crossing angleNominal crossing angle Push squeezePush squeeze Increase intensity to 50% nominalIncrease intensity to 50% nominal
IV.IV. 25ns operation II25ns operation II Push towards nominal performancePush towards nominal performance
Beam
From Roger’s From Roger’s talktalk
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
44
Trajectory-Trajectory-orbitorbit
Beam commissioning for Stage IBeam commissioning for Stage I
Physics partially squeezedPhysics partially squeezed
Commission squeezeCommission squeeze
PhysicsPhysics
Two beams to physics energyTwo beams to physics energy
Single beam to physics energySingle beam to physics energy
Ramp Ramp –– single beamsingle beam
Snapback Snapback –– single beamsingle beam
Nominal cycleNominal cycle
450 GeV: 2 beams450 GeV: 2 beams
450 GeV: detailed measurements450 GeV: detailed measurements
450 GeV: initial commissioning450 GeV: initial commissioning
Circulating beamCirculating beam
First turnFirst turn
InjectionInjection
43 on 4343 on 43
Pilot ++Pilot ++
1 on 1 1 on 1 …… 43 on 4343 on 43
Pilot ++Pilot ++
Pilot ++Pilot ++
Pilot ++Pilot ++
Pilot ++Pilot ++
PilotPilot
Single IntermediateSingle Intermediate
Single IntermediateSingle Intermediate
Single IntermediateSingle Intermediate
PilotPilot
PilotPilot
PilotPilot
1 to 4 101 to 4 10101014
13
1 to 4 101 to 4 10101012
11
10
9
1 to 2 101 to 2 1010108
7
6
5
3 to 4 103 to 4 1010104
3
2
5 to 10 105 to 10 10991
Physics partially squeezedPhysics partially squeezed
Commission squeezeCommission squeeze
PhysicsPhysics
Two beams to physics energyTwo beams to physics energy
Single beam to physics energySingle beam to physics energy
Ramp Ramp –– single beamsingle beam
Snapback Snapback –– single beamsingle beam
Nominal cycleNominal cycle
450 GeV: 2 beams450 GeV: 2 beams
450 GeV: detailed measurements450 GeV: detailed measurements
450 GeV: initial commissioning450 GeV: initial commissioning
Circulating beamCirculating beam
First turnFirst turn
InjectionInjection
43 on 4343 on 43
Pilot ++Pilot ++
1 on 1 1 on 1 …… 43 on 4343 on 43
Pilot ++Pilot ++
Pilot ++Pilot ++
Pilot ++Pilot ++
Pilot ++Pilot ++
PilotPilot
Single IntermediateSingle Intermediate
Single IntermediateSingle Intermediate
Single IntermediateSingle Intermediate
PilotPilot
PilotPilot
PilotPilot
1 to 4 101 to 4 10101014
13
1 to 4 101 to 4 10101012
11
10
9
1 to 2 101 to 2 1010108
7
6
5
3 to 4 103 to 4 1010104
3
2
5 to 10 105 to 10 10991 - From Chamonix XIV -
From Roger’s From Roger’s talktalk
Optics: tune, Optics: tune, chromaticitychromaticityRF onRF on
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
55
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - I- I
Orbit correctors:Orbit correctors:Arc correctors (in SSS) Arc correctors (in SSS)
Insertion correctors (in Insertion correctors (in special SSSspecial SSS, used also , used also for crossing scheme, and near for crossing scheme, and near warm warm quadrupolesquadrupoles))
All orbit correctors are needed from day 1All orbit correctors are needed from day 1
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
66
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - II- II
Optics correctors: Optics correctors: Tune correctionTune correction
Coupling correctionCoupling correction
Optics in the insertionsOptics in the insertions
MQTMQT: trim quadrupoles in SSS (: trim quadrupoles in SSS (Q14-Q21 L/RQ14-Q21 L/R))
MQTLMQTL: long trim quadrupoles used in special SSS (: long trim quadrupoles used in special SSS (Q11Q11) to ) to trim the insertion optics and in trim the insertion optics and in Q6Q6 in in IR3IR3 and and IR7IR7
MQSMQS: skew quadrupoles in SSS for coupling correction : skew quadrupoles in SSS for coupling correction ((Q23, Q27 L/RQ23, Q27 L/R))
All MQT and MQTL correctors are needed from day All MQT and MQTL correctors are needed from day 11
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
77
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - III- III
Coupling correction Coupling correction Pre-requisite for tune settingPre-requisite for tune setting
Estimate of CEstimate of C- - without correction (without correction (S. Fartoukh S. Fartoukh 31. LCC,31. LCC, O. Brüning – Chamonix 2003O. Brüning – Chamonix 2003) -> 0.193 ) -> 0.193 using 9901 error table for MBs using 9901 error table for MBs
The estimate did not change drastically using The estimate did not change drastically using data from MB production.data from MB production.
Therefore, all MQS correctors are needed from day Therefore, all MQS correctors are needed from day 11
yx
i
kyx
QQcack
kykx
kk
2
154
1
e
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
88
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - IV- IV
Sextupolar correctorsSextupolar correctorsSpool pieces: all MBs are Spool pieces: all MBs are equipped with sextupolar equipped with sextupolar correctors (correctors (MCSMCS))
Contribution to Contribution to chromaticity from chromaticity from bb33 error error in MBsin MBsCorrection of dynamic Correction of dynamic effects: decay and snap effects: decay and snap backbackRemark: Remark: 1 unit of b3 -> 45 1 unit of b3 -> 45 units of Q’units of Q’Remark: specifications are Remark: specifications are ((S. Fartoukh O. Brüning S. Fartoukh O. Brüning LHC PR 501LHC PR 501))
Q’=2Q’=2±1, Q’±1, Q’xx=Q’=Q’y y
New specs given by O. New specs given by O. Brüning (see MAC Brüning (see MAC presentation December presentation December 2004), but not 2004), but not substantially differentsubstantially different
Spool pieces are needed Spool pieces are needed from day 1from day 1
SectorSector
Average bAverage b33 in in MB at MB at
injection [10injection [10--
44]]
Rms bRms b33 in MB in MB at injection [10at injection [10--
44]]
V1V1 V2V2 V1V1 V2V2
7-87-8 -2.12-2.12 -2.13-2.13 1.611.61 1.611.61
8-18-1 -4.49-4.49 -4.39-4.39 1.191.19 1.171.17
4-54-5 -4.22-4.22 -4.29-4.29 1.051.05 1.011.01
3-43-4 -5.51-5.51 -5.42-5.42 1.401.40 1.341.34Courtesy S. Fartoukh, MEB-107 Courtesy S. Fartoukh, MEB-107 presentationpresentation
Cou
rtesy L
. C
ou
rtesy L
. B
ott
ura
Bott
ura
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
99
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - V- V
Sextupolar correctorsSextupolar correctors
All SSS are equipped with chromaticity sextupoles (All SSS are equipped with chromaticity sextupoles (MSMS))Natural chromaticity is Natural chromaticity is Q’Q’xx=-93, Q’=-93, Q’y y =-87=-87
Correction of natural chromaticity is essential for tune Correction of natural chromaticity is essential for tune measurement (decoherence)! measurement (decoherence)!
Chromaticity sextupoles are needed from day 1Chromaticity sextupoles are needed from day 1Four skew sextupoles are installed in each arc (Four skew sextupoles are installed in each arc (MSSMSS))Specification (Specification (S. Fartoukh O. S. Fartoukh O. BrüningBrüning LHC PR 501LHC PR 501) based on ) based on bound on Q’’ (bound on Q’’ (aa33 has no has no impact on dynamic apertureimpact on dynamic aperture))
aa33(sys)=0(sys)=0
aa33(ran)=0.7(ran)=0.7
aa33(unc)=1.5(unc)=1.5
a3(sys)=a3(sys)= -0.088 – -0.088 – injinj
a3(ran)=a3(ran)= 0.42 - inj 0.42 - inj
a3(sys)=a3(sys)= -0.115 - -0.115 - collcoll
a3(ran)=a3(ran)= 0.42 - coll 0.42 - coll
Courtesy E. Courtesy E. TodescoTodesco
Skew sextupoles might not be needed from Skew sextupoles might not be needed from day 1day 1
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1010
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - VI- VI
Octupolar correctorsOctupolar correctors
Spool pieces: MBs type A are equipped Spool pieces: MBs type A are equipped with octupolar correctors (with octupolar correctors (MCDOMCDO))
Specification (Specification (S. Fartoukh O. Brüning S. Fartoukh O. Brüning LHC PR 501LHC PR 501) based on bound on Q’’ and ) based on bound on Q’’ and anharmonicity (anharmonicity (b4 has an impact on b4 has an impact on dynamic aperturedynamic aperture))
b4(sys)=b4(sys)=±±0.20.2
b4(ran)=0.5b4(ran)=0.5
b4(unc)=0.4b4(unc)=0.4
MB-intrinsic b4 is fine. The main source MB-intrinsic b4 is fine. The main source of b4 comes from feed-down from MCD.of b4 comes from feed-down from MCD.
Feed-down effects are nearly on Feed-down effects are nearly on specification.specification.
Remark tracking studies showed that Remark tracking studies showed that without MCO the minimum dynamic without MCO the minimum dynamic aperture drops from aperture drops from 11.2 11.2 to 9.6 to 9.6 ( (see see M. Hayes LHC PR 522M. Hayes LHC PR 522).).
b4(sys)=b4(sys)= -0.005 – -0.005 – injinj
b4(ran)=b4(ran)= 0.14 - inj 0.14 - inj
b4(sys)=b4(sys)= -0.008 - -0.008 - collcoll
b4(ran)=b4(ran)= 0.21 - coll 0.21 - coll
Courtesy E. Courtesy E. TodescoTodesco
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1111
Stage 1: initial commissioning - Stage 1: initial commissioning - VIIVII
Octupolar correctorsOctupolar correctors
Lattice octupoles: all SSS not equipped with Lattice octupoles: all SSS not equipped with MQT or MQS are equipped with a Landau MQT or MQS are equipped with a Landau octupole (octupole (MOMO) -> ) -> 168 per ring168 per ring
Not used at injectionNot used at injection
Used to stabilise the beams at top energy (Used to stabilise the beams at top energy (before before starting beam collisionsstarting beam collisions). Under the beam ). Under the beam conditions of the initial commissioning they should conditions of the initial commissioning they should not be usednot be used
However, the beam brightness is the relevant However, the beam brightness is the relevant parameter (parameter (e.g. TOTEM, see E. Métral and A. e.g. TOTEM, see E. Métral and A. Vérdier LHC PN 345Vérdier LHC PN 345))
MCO might not be needed from day 1.MCO might not be needed from day 1.
MO are not needed from day 1, but…MO are not needed from day 1, but…
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1212
Stage 1: initial commissioning - Stage 1: initial commissioning - VIIIVIII
Decapolar Decapolar correctorscorrectors
Spool pieces: Spool pieces: MBs type A are MBs type A are equipped with equipped with decapolar decapolar correctors correctors ((MCDOMCDO))
Specification (Specification (S. S. Fartoukh O. Fartoukh O. Brüning Brüning LHC PR LHC PR 501501) based on ) based on bound on Q’’’ and bound on Q’’’ and chromo-geometric chromo-geometric detuning (detuning (b5 has b5 has an impact on an impact on dynamic dynamic apertureaperture))
Courtesy E. Courtesy E. TodescoTodesco
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1313
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - IX- IX
A possible solution for MCO and MCD A possible solution for MCO and MCD correctors would be to suppress them only in correctors would be to suppress them only in few arcs (few arcs (see M. Hayes LHC PR 522see M. Hayes LHC PR 522).).
To be checked with the latest version of the To be checked with the latest version of the LHC layoutLHC layout
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1414
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - X- X
Spectrometer compensator magnets (Spectrometer compensator magnets (IP2IP2 and and IP8IP8))
Since the first physics run, the spectrometers of Since the first physics run, the spectrometers of ALICE and LHC-b will be on. ALICE and LHC-b will be on.
Hence the three warm magnets/IP used to Hence the three warm magnets/IP used to compensate the bump should be available compensate the bump should be available from day 1from day 1
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1515
Stage 1: initial commissioning Stage 1: initial commissioning - XI- XI
Nonlinear corrector package in the triplet Nonlinear corrector package in the triplet quadrupolesquadrupoles
No impact on machine performance if beta* > 1 mNo impact on machine performance if beta* > 1 m
Not needed from day 1, but maybe MQSX and Not needed from day 1, but maybe MQSX and MCSX in IP2MCSX in IP2
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1616
Stage 1: initial commissioning - Stage 1: initial commissioning - XIIXII
Experimental solenoidsExperimental solenoids
They will not be rampedThey will not be ramped
Effect negligible at top energy (Effect negligible at top energy (see J.-P. Koutchouk et see J.-P. Koutchouk et al. SL-94-33al. SL-94-33))
At injection At injection CC- - ~ 5×10~ 5×10-3-3 for the CMS solenoid (H. for the CMS solenoid (H. Burkhardt, LOC meeting)Burkhardt, LOC meeting)
MQSXMQSX could be used to correct the coupling from could be used to correct the coupling from solenoids -> work in progress (solenoids -> work in progress (H. Burkhardt et al.H. Burkhardt et al.))
Vertical crossing angle in IP2Vertical crossing angle in IP2
Change of polarity in spectrometer will change a2 Change of polarity in spectrometer will change a2 generated from feed-down of b3. generated from feed-down of b3.
a2 correction with a2 correction with MQSXMQSX not possible for both beams not possible for both beams and with and with MQSMQS not effective not effective
MCSXMCSX could be used to correct the b3 could be used to correct the b3
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1717
Stage 1: initial commissioning - Stage 1: initial commissioning - XIIIXIII
RF system (RF system (see T. Linnecar Chamonix 2005 for RF see T. Linnecar Chamonix 2005 for RF failuresfailures))
Independent for each ringIndependent for each ring
TwoTwo modules of modules of 44 cavities each. Each cavity delivers cavities each. Each cavity delivers 2 MV2 MV
Nominal conditions: Nominal conditions: 8 MV8 MV at injection and at injection and 16 MV16 MV at at top energytop energy
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1818
Stage 1: initial commissioning - Stage 1: initial commissioning - XIVXIV
8 MV at injection leaves margin for beam loading 8 MV at injection leaves margin for beam loading from nominal beamfrom nominal beam
For reduced beam intensity one might think of using For reduced beam intensity one might think of using onlyonly 8 MV 8 MV throughout the whole cycle ->throughout the whole cycle -> only one only one module module would be usedwould be used
However:However:
it would be wise to capture with full voltage (16 it would be wise to capture with full voltage (16 MV) during stage 1 to have maximum longitudinal MV) during stage 1 to have maximum longitudinal acceptance (e.g. energy errors between SPS/LHC)acceptance (e.g. energy errors between SPS/LHC)
No spare would be available and commissioned in No spare would be available and commissioned in case of problemscase of problems
Hence, all modules should be available from day Hence, all modules should be available from day 11
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
1919
Stages 2 and 3Stages 2 and 3
Beam conditions will approach the nominal Beam conditions will approach the nominal ones.ones.
All the corrector circuits will be needed to All the corrector circuits will be needed to ensure the performanceensure the performance
No staging seems possibleNo staging seems possible
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
2020
Conclusions - IConclusions - IStage 1:Stage 1:
Circuits mandatory for day 1:Circuits mandatory for day 1:Orbit correctorsOrbit correctorsMQTs, MQTLs, MQSMQTs, MQTLs, MQSMCS, MSMCS, MSSpectrometer compensatorsSpectrometer compensatorsAll RF modulesAll RF modules
Circuits required for day 2(!):Circuits required for day 2(!):MCD (decapoles)MCD (decapoles)MCO (octupoles)MCO (octupoles)MQSXMQSXMCSX in IP2MCSX in IP2MOMO
Circuits not required for day 1:Circuits not required for day 1:MSSMSSNonlinear correctors in the triplet Nonlinear correctors in the triplet quadrupolesquadrupoles
Stages 2 and 3:Stages 2 and 3:Put in operation all the circuits still missingPut in operation all the circuits still missing
Massimo GioMassimo Giovannozzivannozzi
Chamonix XV, January 23-27 Chamonix XV, January 23-27 2006 2006
2121
Conclusions - IIConclusions - II
Some additional details are needed for Some additional details are needed for evaluating the (beneficial) impact of reducing evaluating the (beneficial) impact of reducing the number of circuits required in the various the number of circuits required in the various stages of LHC commissioning, namelystages of LHC commissioning, namely
What is the time required for the hardware What is the time required for the hardware commissioning of the circuits not required for commissioning of the circuits not required for day 1?day 1?
Is it possible to perform the hardware Is it possible to perform the hardware commissioning in case it is found that they are commissioning in case it is found that they are actually needed? actually needed?
In this case what would be the time required to In this case what would be the time required to commission the circuits?commission the circuits?