masten mooc week 3.2 disaster effects for posting
DESCRIPTION
Children resilience in desasterTRANSCRIPT
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Resilience in Children
Disaster
Effects
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Overview
Dose gradients
Normal reactions
Common trauma symptoms
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Developmental differences
Individual differences
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Dose matters
Physical proximity Emotional proximity Magnitude of personal loss Severity of life-threatening experiences Cumulative exposure Combination of traumatic experiences Previous trauma exposures Disaster on top of other adversities Media exposure
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Common post-traumatic symptoms
Re-experiencing Nightmares; upsetting memories
Flashbacks; intense reactions to reminders
Numbing and avoidance Feeling detached, numb, unreal
Avoiding reminders
Arousal and anxiety Jumpy; easily startled; hyper-vigilant
Difficulty sleeping, concentrating
Irritability or outbursts of anger
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Meta-analysis of post-traumatic stress Furr et al 2010
96 studies published before 2009 42 with comparison data (pre-post or groups)
Small to medium effect of disaster on PTS Similar for natural and human-made disasters
Higher risk for PTS associated with Higher death toll (index of severity) Female gender Child proximity Personal loss Perceived threat to self Child versus parent report of PTS Assessment < 1 year after disaster
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Post-traumatic stress disorder
PTSD is a diagnostic category
Multiple symptoms of PTS that persist more than a month
difficult to tell when a month has passed in prolonged and complex disasters
Symptoms impair function
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Sichuan Earthquake 2008 > 80,000 dead or missing ~ many schoolchildren
Millions left homeless
Courtesy of miniwiki.org
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Luo et al 2012
cortisol in hair
related to
earthquake
exposure
and PTSD
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2004 Tsunami Megathrust earthquake Indian Ocean
No warning ~ waves 30 meters (100 feet) high
Over 200,000 lives lost in 14 countries
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Catani et al 2008 after the tsunami
BMC Psychiatry 2008
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Developmental variations
Older children usually have more PTS
Children report more PTS than parents do for them
Young children Regression (losing skills and self-control) Crying and clinging to caregivers Re-enacting trauma experiences in play
Adolescents Risky or reckless behavior Suicidal thoughts and feelings Loss of hope in the future
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Age of exposure matters
Including prenatal
Understanding of events and media
Biological responses
Resources and relationships for coping
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Chernobyl effects on development
FinnTwin12 study (Huizink et al 2008) Compared twins in gestation during Chernobyl
(1986) and a year later
Fear vector in Finland about radiation Not attributable to actual radiation exposure
Effects on twins varied By gestational age of exposure to maternal stress
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Individual differences
Gender Girls often (not always) express more PTS
Cognitive skills and comprehension Meaning and interpretation; self-control
Personality and mental health Some children are more sensitive
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Resilience and recovery
U.S. Army Photo of Joplin High School by John Daves