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James LermanCoordinator, NJ Consortium for Middle Schools, Kean University

jlerman@kean.edu

Masterful Use of Graphic Organizers: 7 Secrets to Unlock the

Power of Student Thinking

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“Nice day isn’t it? And how are their test scores?”

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TOOL CRUTCH

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Double Bubble MapFor comparing and

contrasting

Similarities

Difference

s Differences

Tool Crutch

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Secret #1 ^

A tool

Not a crutch

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7 Purpose of GOs

The goal of using graphic

organizers is to develop

independent use by students.

Unless mastery of independent use

is achieved, graphic organizers

can become a crutch for the

student, rather than a tool.

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7 Secret #2

A Critical Analysis of GOs

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Thinking Maps

Graphic Organizers

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7 Functions of GOs

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The Top 10 GOs

(On next page, * is not one of David Hyerle’s 8 Thinking Maps©)

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7 Brace MapBridge MapBubble MapCircle Map

Comparison Matrix*Double-Bubble Map

Flow MapMulti-Flow Map

Tree Map3-Circle Venn Diagram*

Click on a name to go to an example

TOP 10 GOs

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GOs Enable Students to:

1. Plan approaches to a task

2. Organize a sequence of actions or data series

3. Hold action sequences in mind until executed

4. Inhibit actions irrelevant to the task at hand

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GOs Enable Students to:

5. Decide what to attend to and what to do

6. Make shifts when needed

7. Monitor and evaluate own actions

8. Adjust emotions in response to perceived success or failure

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7 Secret #3

Matching Graphic

Organizers to Tasks Using

Bloom’s Taxonomy

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Matching Graphic Organizers to Tasks Using Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom Level Sample Actions -Tasks Types of Graphic Organizers

Remembering define, duplicate, find, list, locate, memorize, name, recall, recognize, repeat, reproduce, state

Brace Map, Flow Map , Tree Map

Understanding classify, describe, discuss, explain, identify, interpret, locate, recognize, report, select, summarize, translate,

summarize

Brace Map, Bubble Map, Circle Map, Flow Map, Tree Map

Applying carry out, choose, demonstrate, dramatiz e, employ,

execute, illustrate, implement, interpret, operate, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write

Flow Map, Multi -Flow Map

Analyzing compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, integrate, organize,

questi on, structure, test

Brace Map, Double -Bubble Map, Fishbone Map, Flow Map, Multi -Flow Map, Tree Map

Evaluating appraise, argue, check, critique, defend, detect,

experiment, hypothesize, judge, monitor, select, support, tell, value, evaluate

Double Bubble Map Comparison Matrix

Creating assemble, construct, create, design, develop, invent,

formulate, make, plan, produce, write

Bridge Map, Bubble Map, Flow Map, Multi -Flow Map, 3 -Circle Venn

Diagram

Matching Graphic Organizers to Tasks Using Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom Level Sample Actions -Tasks Types of Graphic Organizers

Remembering define, duplicate, find, list, locate, memorize, name, recall, recognize, repeat, reproduce, state

Brace Map, Flow Map , Tree Map

Understanding classify, describe, discuss, explain, identify, interpret, locate, recognize, report, select, summarize, translate,

summarize

Brace Map, Bubble Map, Circle Map, Flow Map, Tree Map

Applying carry out, choose, demonstrate, dramatiz e, employ,

execute, illustrate, implement, interpret, operate, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write

Flow Map, Multi -Flow Map

Analyzing compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, integrate, organize,

questi on, structure, test

Brace Map, Double -Bubble Map, Fishbone Map, Flow Map, Multi -Flow Map, Tree Map

Evaluating appraise, argue, check, critique, defend, detect,

experiment, hypothesize, judge, monitor, select, support, tell, value, evaluate

Double Bubble Map Comparison Matrix

Creating assemble, construct, create, design, develop, invent,

formulate, make, plan, produce, write

Bridge Map, Bubble Map, Flow Map, Multi -Flow Map, 3 -Circle Venn

Diagram

Matching Graphic Organizers to Tasks Using Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom Level Sample Actions-Tasks Types of Graphic Organizers

Remembering define, duplicate, find, list, locate, memorize, name, recall,

recognize, repeat, reproduce, state Brace Map, Flow Map, Tree Map

Understanding classify, describe, discuss, explain, identify, interpret, locate, recognize, report, select, summarize, translate,

summarize

Brace Map, Bridge Map, Bubble Map, Circle Map,

Flow Map, Tree Map

Applying carry out, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ,

execute, illustrate, implement, interpret, operate, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write

Flow Map, Multi-Flow Map

Analyzing compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, integrate, organize,

question, structure, test

Brace Map, Bridge Map, Double-Bubble Map, Flow Map,

Multi-Flow Map, Tree Map

Evaluating appraise, argue, check, critique, defend, detect,

experiment, hypothesize, judge, monitor, select, support, tell, value, evaluate

Double Bubble Map Comparison Matrix

Creating assemble, construct, create, design, develop, invent,

formulate, make, plan, produce, write

Bridge Map, Bubble Map, Flow Map, Multi-Flow Map, 3-Circle Venn

Diagram

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7 Secret #4

Optimal Sequence of Instruction for

GOs

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Sequence of Instruction for GOs

Develop

Describe

Model

Support

Use

Assess

Reflect

Teacher provides instruction in the background or prerequisite content knowledge needed to use the graphic organizer strategy successfully

Teacher describes and discusses the graphic organizer strategy, its purpose, and benefits

Teacher demonstrates how to use the strategy correctly

Teacher supports, or scaffolds, student mastery of the strategy, with guided practice

Student implements the strategy, independently or in groups, with few or no supports

Teacher provides clear, prompt feedback on mastery of content and use of the graphic organizer

Student articulates what s/he has learned in terms of both content and use of the graphic organizer

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Secret #5

Essential Connections between the

Marzano Strategies and GOs

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The 9 Marzano Strategies

1. Identifying similarities and differences

2. Summarizing and taking notes

3. Reinforcing effort and giving recognition

4. Homework and practice

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The 9 Marzano Strategies

^

5. Nonlinguistic representations

6. Cooperative learning

7. Setting objectives and providing feedback

8. Generating and testing hypotheses

9. Cues, questions, and advance organizers

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Matching GOs to the Marzano Strategies

Marzano Strategy GOs

Identifying similarities and differences (including

analogies) Bridge Map, Double-Bubble Map

Summarizing and note taking Bubble Map, Tree Map

Reinforcing effort and giving recognition

Flow Map, Multi-Flow Map

Homework and practice Circle Map, Flow Map for

planning All maps for doing

Nonliguistic representations Use illustrations with, or

instead of, words

Cooperative learning All maps well-suited

Setting objectives and giving feedback

Tree Map

Generating and testing hypotheses

Multi-Flow Map, Tree Map

Cues, questions, and advance organizers

Brace Map, Bridge Map, Bubble Map, Flow Map, Tree Map

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7 Secret #6

The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

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The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

For 2 Items - Not Good 2-Circle Venn Diagram

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The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

For 2 Items – Much Better

DOUBLE BUBBLE DIAGRAM

1 2

Similarities

Difference

s Differences

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The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

3-Circle Venn Diagram – Beautiful!

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The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

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The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

1

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The Special Case of Venn Diagrams

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9 Ways to Use 3-Circle Venns

1. Discover oneself

2. Identify the cause or source of something

3. Convey a message or vision

4. Design a process

5. Solve a problem

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9 Ways to Use 3-Circle Venns

6. Support change or focus with a visual reminder

7. Develop a plan

8. Set priorities

9. Create a strategy

Modified from “10 Ways to Use Venn Diagrams” by Thomas J. Leonard

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7 Secret #7

Top 10 Online Resources

Related to GOs

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Online Resources for GOs

Education Oasishttp://www.educationoasis.com/curriculum/graphic_organizers.htm

Gliffyhttp://gliffy.com

Region 15 Graphic Organizershttp://www.region15.org/curriculum/graphicorg.html

Thinking Mapshttp://www.thinkingmaps.com/htthinkmapx.php3

Tools for Reading, Writing, and Thinking

http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ELA/6-12/Tools/Index.htm

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Online Resources about GOs

Aiming High Resource: Thinking Mapshttp://www.scoe.org/images/usrupload/RES_52p7831_390_20061107145940.pdf

Graphic Organizershttp://www.cast.org/system/galleries/download/ncac/NCACgo.pdf

GraphicOrganizers.com http://www.graphicorganizers.com/index.htm

Learning Resources: Graphic Organizers

http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic73.htm

Special Connections: Graphic Organizershttp://www.specialconnections.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/specconn/main.php?cat=instruction&section=main&subsection=udl/graphic

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and in conclusion…

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7 Purpose of GOs

The goal of using graphic

organizers is to develop

independent use by students.

Unless mastery of independent use

is achieved, graphic organizers

can become a crutch for the

student, rather than a tool.

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“Not On The Test” by Tom Chapin