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Masters of Craft: Programming - Machine Learning: Research

Janet Choi

Machine Learning

Machine Learning is a trend and common keyword that shown in products and services. Some people criticize machine learning is not accurate because it is possible to have bias, which is affected by how people select and handle the datasets. However, accuracy could be enhanced by combination of better training models, more instances for training and unsupervised training.

Because of the my interests of topics, supervised training will be used as datasets will be created by myself. Machine learning is applicable in many industries because of its ability to handle data, including numbers, images, videos, text and sound.

Machine learning is commonly used in generative images

Dr. Polani is a professor from the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire. His works focused on Artificial Intelligence: finding out the ways of problem-solving from natural intelligence and behaviors of animals.

Machine Learning Used in MedicineHe shared an article from Nature, which is “How artificial intelligence is changing drug discovery”, focused on how machine learning could be a method to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness on the process of discovering new drugs. For example, Pfizer uses IBM Watsons System; it is believed that machine learning would be beneficial for lowering costs and saving time. Although my project is not related to drug or medical industry, the concept of to my project aim.

The incentive of my project is to connect machine learning to material futures. But in what ways? It is about the sustainability inside the project, rather than the material of the project. The material is a medium to show the concept, yet how the whole system can be operated to bring the material be sustainable in different aspects is the most essential part.

Machine Learning Bias: SuggestionsDr. Polani suggested that using datasets required careful analysis and thorough understanding of the data, for it could be the cause of machine learning bias, which would lead to inaccurate results. However, concerning my project, it is impossible to use unsupervised learning as I cannot initialize a character for the model. He advised that I should give more instances for the model to find out the possible results. The more the examples, The more accurate the results. Originally, I only have 40 examples from MA Material Futures catalogue and Radical Matter; Later on, I kept on looking for related projects from books, online portfolios and videos. The on-going dataset consists of 80 projects.

Engage with ExpertDr. Daniel Polani - University of Hertfordshire

Start from Basics Pedro Mendonca is a mentor at Hack Brunel, a hackathon organized by University of Brunel, and he is a software engineer as well. Since I have no experience in software development, I was puzzled to learn Python and machine learning in a short period of time, and more importantly, I need to create a project that can advocate my aim.

Before this project, I tried to learn JavaScript for web development but I was hindered in the learning journey. He told me to stay focus on learning the basics of Python, for Python is a minimal language for beginners. I need to understand the logic of the programming language before I learn from project-based tutorials. Although I did not have enough time to learn thoroughly in Python, the practices of typing codes - think about the solution, refer to documentation, look for references and find out suggestions on Stack-flow helped me to develop my programming skills in the future.

Learning Using API, JSON and Flask with Python Learning Java for making an Android App in Hackathon

Python Model to ProductionAlthough comparing to C++ or C, Python is not the fastest language, my priority is to learn machine learning efficiently, so I chose Python for my ML project. However, I need to think about how the library can be used in the future, which implies an issue of sustainability.

As a result, I joined a workshop of Flask and API. Flask is a web framework that can deploy python scripts to be implemented as a web application. It is used in my final example - a web app.

Visions on ProgrammingIn the hackathons, I discussed my project with students from BSc Computer Science, Kings College London. They shared that how they learn programming and suggested that I should learn C++ and Java if I want to continue my project to another extent. Learning C++ would be very challenging, yet it can train up my logical thinking, which would be beneficial for me to think in different perspectives for not only this project, but also other upcoming projects.

Engage with CommunityParticipating in Hackathon

In order to understand the application of machine learning, other than online resources, I attended different talks and workshops related to machine learning and also its frameworks.

Art & VisualsIn the “Machine visions: an exploration of art, AI and creativity” Talk, I was inspired by the works by Anna Ridler and Alex Graves, who are an artist and a research scientist respectively.

Anna shared her idea development of the Tulip project. She made her own database of more than a thousand of tulip pictures, so as to build up a machine learning model to show the blooming flower. The use of machine learning in this project is a medium to show the ironical side of block-chain, which leads me to rethink how I can provoke the meaning in my project.

ClassificationOther than talks, I also went to workshops. One of them talked about how to create a machine

Learning Tensorflow.js for classification model

Engage with CommunityReaching out: Workshops and Talks

learning model with the use of Tensorflow.js and logistic regression, where we can use a dataset to find out the probability of a real or fake Instagram profile. In this session, I realized that creating a new training model from scratch would be very challenging. Therefore, I began to look for similar algorithm to my project background as a material library. Therefore, I found out association rule training and Apriori algorithm to learn.

Commercial & Data AnalysisIn Pytorch London talk, the research scientist from Monzo was invited to share their new research on the language model for customer services. He talked about the classification approach for suggesting solutions for customers’ inquiries. Sometimes, old training models only analyzed the keywords, so it is possible to misunderstand the actual needs of the customer. Therefore, the team changed the approach - using separate classifier models, and compare the results, so that the accuracy can be improved.

Problem:- lack of algorithm and classification model- need to construct the relationship between features

Problem:- neural network is advanced- the content of this library is not suitable for natural language Processing (NLP)

Program Work-flow version 1

Program Work-flow version 2

- Association Rule Learning- suggest related combination according to materials, applications, textures and keywords- Algorithm: Apriori Algorithm / Cosine Similarity

Further Development:- generative model: combine different ingredients

Program Work-flow Final Version

Supervised Learningwith Association Rule Learning

Apriori AlgorithmAs a further development, I will concern Apriori Algorithm as an alternative for my project because of its utilize sequencing methodology in item sets. According to “An Empirical Study of DocumentSimilarity and Term Extraction Using Apache Spark”, it is used to determine which individual item and group of items appear frequently, so this is also similar to the conditions used in the library for generate possible combinations of materials.

Example:Distinguished {algae, animal, bioresin, chemical, dust, food, fungi, glass, glycerine, human, insect, metal, mineral, oil, paper, plant}=> {algae, glycerine, water}

Support(algae) =(Number of combinations involved algae)/(Total number of projects)=14/80=0.175

Cosine SimilarityThis model is used in the project according to the models and examples that were originally created for recommendation engines.

According to “A Novel Modified Apriori Approach for Web Document Clustering”, although it is not flawless, it is used in different industries extensively, such as recommendation engine. It calculates the divergence between 2 elements. In commercial practice, companies utilize this algorithm to incorporate with other data, such as other users’ favourites, to enhance the effectiveness of the recommendation.

Machine Learning is available in many types of language, but python is the most commonly used language with Tensorflow, a popular Machine Learning Framework.

These frameworks provide a rich support to create complex models for training and analyzing the data for further development. Other than Tensorflow and Pytorch, it is possible to look for solutions in other operation systems, such as Swift for iOS and MacOS with the use of CoreML and CreateML, which are the initial machine learning frameworks for building applications which are compatible for mobile devices and desktop software.

Data Analysisvisualizing the data

While preparing the dataset, I found that the data of sustainable materials shown some stories behind.

Types of IngredientsThrough observing from the combination of material, it is quite obvious that the sustainable materials projects utilize ingredients together - main waste/leftover (e.g. food), thickening agent (e.g. glycerin), humectant (e.g. oil), acid (e.g. vinegar) and collagen (e.g. crustacean in seafood).

As a result, as a further development, I will change the categorization of ingredient according to the use, rather than the type.

main waste/leftover (e.g. food)+collagen (e.g. crustacean in seafood)ORthickening agent (e.g. glycerin)+humectant (e.g. oil)+acid (e.g. vinegar)

Frequent Combination of Materials

Data Analysisvisualizing the data

Ingredients to PropertiesAlgae, glycerin and starch are widely used as a thickening agent. These ingredients are tended to result in bioplastic, for their elasticity and transparency in materiality.

In the session of bioplastic, it’s ironic to see plastic as the ingredient for the material making. Even though it aims to reuse the plastic wastes, it is critical to think how this kind of material can be sustainable in other than a conceptual way.

Because of the fiber, plants are inclined to produce textile according to their natural structure, which could be strong and endurable.

Dataset version 1

It only had about 40 examples in the dataset. The data was collected from MAMF catalogue and Radical Matter: Rethinking Materials for a Sustainable Future, a book by Caroline Till and Kate Franklin. The categories are mainly determined by the information available from the work description and further research online.

ProcessPrepare Data for Extraction

Dataset version 2 : add examples

After discussion with the expert, I added more examples so as to enhance the accuracy. Each material entry allows 5 ingredients. For the section of “food-safe” and “location”, it has difficulty to confirm the food safety and locational availability of ingredients, so many of them are not filled in. As I found that “link” may not be useful, so I started to leave it blank.


A B C D E Transform Application texture Propertytimber bio-resin mix furniture hard paintleather naturalboneglue heat furniture hard materialstone mix construction hard rockplantainwaste coffeewaste aluminiumwaste mix material hard materialSLSPrintwaste silicasand electriccurrent,heatfurniture hard materialnewspaper glue roll,compress construction hard woodelectronic(aluminium) weave textile soft textileplastic heat material hard bioplasticplasticbottle heat mechanism hard bioplasticpineneedles compress furniture soft textlePinusPinaster cellulose lignin rosin heat resin hard materialwillowbranches water heat pigment hard paintseaweed heat dye soft paintseaweed dry furniture soft paintbullkelp dry textile flexible textilecornhusk charcoal boil material hard materialsheepwool bioresin heat furniture hard furnitureblackpropolis cocoon naturalbeeresin sikworm heat resin hard glasscowdung clay straw mix material,furniturehard rockmanure cellulose extract textile soft bioplastichair resin knit fibre soft textilehair compress material hard furniturehair aluminium heat pigment hard paintdust element pigment hard coatingdust bio-resin compress, material hard coatingdust glue compress furniture hard coatingglasswaste cement mix material hard rockmusselshell mix material hard plasterwheat ryestraw knit textile soft textileagar boil material soft bioplasticpinefibre heat cooking soft cookingmethodplant-basedlyocell heat textile soft textilePhenolicresin thermosettingplastic heat material hard bioplasticplant textile heat material hard bioplasticflax PLA heat furniture hard bioplasticmycelium grow textile flexible leathermycelium grow material hard bioplasticMycelium heat textile soft coatingmycelium water mould furniture hard materialcellulose bateria grow pattern hard coatingoat wheatplastic textile glass heatpress material hard rockplasticwaste stone mix material hard rockCoffeegrounds(used) Alginate Glycerol water Vinegar mix material hard materialCarrageenaniota Glycerol Water heat material hard materialEggshell Vinegar Alginate water heat material flexible materialAgaragar Glycerol water cornstorch heat material flexible bioplasticChitosan Glycerol Vinegar Water mould material hard bioplasticGreentea sugar SodiumBicarbonate water grow material soft textileAgaragar Glycerol Cornstarch cork water heat material hard materialAgaragar Glycerol Water heat material soft bioplasticAgaragar Glycerol Water Gelatin heat material soft bioplasticAgaragar glycerol water heat material soft bioplasticGlycerol gelatin water heat material hard bioplasticglycerol gelatin water Redochre heat material hard leather

Dataset version 3: trim data field

I preprocessed the unused data, such as “link”, “food-safe” and “location”, so it was more convenient for me to import and use the data in with the machine learning program in python.


Dataset version 4 : simplify, rename, more examples

When the data was processed for data analysis, the name of some ingredients need to be changed as the same:“glycerine” and “glycerol” to “glycerin”; although glycerol and glycerin have a distinction, it provides clearer information for the data analysis.


materiala materialb materialc materiald materiale transform application texture propertytimber bio-resin mix furniture hard paintleather naturalboneglue heat furniture hard materialstone mix construction hard rockplantainwaste aluminiumwaste coffee mix material hard materialslsprintwaste silicasand heat furniture hard materialnewspaper glue compress construction hard woodelectronic(aluminium) knit textile soft textileplastic heat material hard bioplasticplasticbottle heat mechanism hard bioplasticpineneedles compress furniture soft textilepinuspinaster cellulose lignin rosin heat resin hard materialwillowbranches water heat pigment hard paintseaweed heat dye soft paintseaweed dry furniture soft paintbullkelp dry textile flexible textilecornhusk charcoal heat material hard materialsheepwool bioresin heat furniture hard furnitureblackpropolis cocoon naturalbeeresin sikworm heat resin hard glasscowdung clay straw mix material hard rockmanure cellulose grow textile soft bioplastichair resin knit fibre soft textilehair compress material hard furniturehair aluminium heat pigment hard paintdust grow pigment hard coatingdust bio-resin compress material hard coatingdust glue compress furniture hard coatingglasswaste cement mix material hard rockmusselshell mix material hard materialwheat ryestraw knit textile soft textileagar heat material soft bioplasticpinefibre heat cooking soft cookingmethodplant-basedlyocell heat textile soft textilephenolicresin thermosettingplastic heat material hard bioplasticplant textile heat material hard bioplasticflax pla heat furniture hard bioplasticmycelium grow textile flexible leathermycelium grow material hard bioplasticmycelium heat textile soft coatingmycelium water grow furniture hard materialcellulose bateria grow pattern hard coatingoat wheat mix material hard materialplastic textile glass compress furniture hard rockplasticwaste stone mix furniture hard rockcoffeeground alginate glycerol water vinegar mix material hard materialcarrageenaniota glycerin water heat material hard materialeggshell vinegar alginate water heat material flexible materialagaragar glycerin water starch heat material flexible bioplasticchitosan glycerin vinegar water grow material hard bioplasticgreentea sugar sodiumbicarbonate water grow material soft textileagaragar glycerin cornstarch cork water heat material hard materialagaragar glycerin water heat material soft bioplasticagaragar glycerin water gelatin heat material soft bioplasticagaragar glycerin water heat material soft bioplasticglycerol gelatin water heat material hard bioplasticglycerol gelatin water redochre heat material hard leatherfishskin vinegar heat material soft bioplasticredalgae heat material soft bioplasticanimalbone heat glue soft bioresinstarch glycerin vinegar water heat material flexible bioplasticstarch glycerin vinegar oil water heat material flexible bioplasticbananapeel vinegar honey heat material soft bioplasticorangepeel starch sodiumbicarbonate lemonjuice vinegar heat material hard bioplasticcoffeeground starch sodiumbicarbonate vinegar lemonjuice heat material hard bioplasticwatermelonpeel starch honey lemonjuice heat material soft bioplasticbananapeel glycerin vinegar bakingsoda heat material hard bioplasticteawaste starch vinegar honey heat material hard bioplasticgrapespeel starch lemonjuice honey heat material hard bioplasticcoffeeground starch vinegar glycerol gelatin heat material hard bioplasticnutshell coffeeground agar glycerol agar heat material hard bioplasticstarch glycerin vinegar heat material flexible bioplasticstarch oil water heat material soft bioplasticstarch vinegar glycerine agar heat material hard bioplasticstarch flour vinegar glycerol wax heat material hard bioplasticfish heat glue soft bioresinpinepitch heat glue soft bioresinstarch glycerin vinegar water heat material soft bioplasticplastic heat material hard materialgrape glycerin agaragar heat material hard bioplasticnutshell mycelium flour heat material hard material

propertyA materialA propertyB materialB propertyC materialC propertyD propertyD transform application texture finalpropertyplant timber bioresin bioresin mix furniture hard paintanimal leather bioresin naturalboneglue heat furniture hard materialmineral stone plastic plastic mix construction hard rockplant plantainwaste metal aluminiumwaste food coffee mix material hard materialplastic slsprintwaste chemical silicasand heat furniture hard materialpaper newspaper chemical glue compress construction hard woodmetal electronic(aluminium) knit textile soft textileplastic plastic heat material hard bioplasticplastic plasticbottle heat mechanism hard bioplasticplant pineneedles compress furniture soft textileplant pinuspinaster chemical cellulose algae lignin plant rosin heat resin hard materialplant willowbranches water water heat pigment hard paintalgae seaweed heat dye soft paintalgae seaweed dry furniture soft paintalgae bullkelp dry textile flexible textileplant cornhusk plant charcoal heat material hard materialanimal sheepwool bioresin bioresin heat furniture hard furnitureanimal blackpropolis insect cocoon insect naturalbeeresin insect sikworm heat resin hard glassanimal cowdung mineral clay plant straw mix material hard rockhuman manure chemical cellulose grow textile soft bioplastichuman hair chemical resin knit textile soft textilehuman hair compress material hard furniturehuman hair metal aluminium heat pigment hard paintdust dust grow pigment hard coatingdust dust bioresin bio-resin compress material hard coatingdust dust chemical glue compress furniture hard coatingglass glasswaste mineral cement mix material hard rockseafood musselshell mix material hard materialplant wheat plant ryestraw knit textile soft textilealgae agar heat material soft bioplasticplant pinefibre heat textile soft cookingmethodplant plant-basedlyocell heat textile soft textilechemical phenolicresin plastic thermosettingplastic heat material hard bioplasticplant plant textile textile heat material hard bioplasticplant flax starch pla heat furniture hard bioplasticfungi mycelium grow textile flexible leatherfungi mycelium grow material hard bioplasticfungi mycelium heat textile soft coatingfungi mycelium water water grow furniture hard materialplant cellulose fungi bacteria grow pattern hard coatingfood oat plant wheat mix composite hard materialplastic plastic textile textile glass glass compress furniture hard rockplastic plasticwaste mineral stone mix furniture hard rockfood coffeeground vinegar vinegar glycerin glycerin water water mix composite hard materialalgae carrageenaniota glycerin glycerin water water heat composite hard materialfood eggshell vinegar vinegar chemical alginate water water heat composite flexible materialalgae agaragar glycerin glycerin water water starch starch heat bioplastic flexible bioplasticseafood chitosan glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar water water grow bioplastic hard bioplasticfood greentea food sugar chemical sodiumbicarbonate water water grow textile soft textilealgae agaragar glycerin glycerin starch starch plant cork heat composite hard materialalgae agaragar glycerin glycerin water water heat bioplastic soft bioplasticalgae agaragar glycerin glycerin food gelatin water water heat bioplastic soft bioplasticalgae agaragar glycerin glycerin water water heat material soft bioplasticglycerin glycerin food gelatin water water heat bioplastic hard bioplasticglycerin glycerin food gelatin water water mineral redochre heat textile hard leatherseafood fishskin vinegar vinegar heat material soft bioplasticalgae redalgae heat bioplastic soft bioplasticanimal animalbone heat glue soft bioresinstarch starch glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar water water heat bioplastic flexible bioplasticstarch starch glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar oil oil heat bioplastic flexible bioplasticfood bananapeel vinegar vinegar food honey heat bioplastic soft bioplasticfood orangepeel starch starch chemical sodiumbicarbonate vinegar lemonjuice heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood coffeeground starch starch chemical sodiumbicarbonate vinegar vinegar heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood watermelonpeel starch starch food honey vinegar lemonjuice heat bioplastic soft bioplasticfood bananapeel glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar chemical bakingsoda heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood teawaste starch starch vinegar vinegar food honey heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood grapespeel starch starch vinegar lemonjuice food honey heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood coffeeground starch starch vinegar vinegar glycerin glycerin heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood nutshell food coffeeground algae agar glycerin glycerin heat bioplastic hard bioplasticstarch starch glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar heat bioplastic flexible bioplasticstarch starch food oil water water heat bioplastic soft bioplasticstarch starch vinegar vinegar glycerin glycerin algae agar heat bioplastic hard bioplasticstarch starch chemical flour vinegar vinegar glycerin glycerin heat bioplastic hard bioplasticseafood fish heat glue soft bioresinplant pinepitch heat glue soft bioresinstarch starch glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar water water heat bioplastic soft bioplasticplastic plastic heat composite hard materialfood grape glycerin glycerin algae agaragar heat bioplastic hard bioplasticfood nutshell fungi mycelium chemical flour heat composite hard material

Dataset version 5 : type of ingredient, more examples

In the data analysis, a problem of inadequate data is difficult to show the kinds of ingredients used in the projects. Therefore, I added in the fields of “property a / b / c” which refers to the type of ingredient.


Dataset finalized version : add index and linkIn the machine learning program, index is used to call the array of data from the row, so I added a column for “index”. When I need to revise the data, I realized that the links are essential for reference.

index title artist propertyA materialA propertyB materialB propertyC materialC propertyD materialD transform application texture finalproperty keyword link1 WellProvenChair MarjanvanAubelJamesShaw plant timber bioresin bioresin mix furniture hard paint timberwoodfoamfurniturechairrough http://wellprovenchair.com/about.html2 StructuralSkin JorgePenades animal leather bioresin naturalboneglue heat furniture hard material woodfurniturechairtable https://materialdistrict.com/article/structural-skin/3 StoneRecycling TomvanSoest mineral stone plastic plastic mix construction hard rock brickcommercialtilemulti-functional https://www.stonecycling.com4 MateriaMadura AnaChristinaQuis plant plantainwaste metal aluminiumwaste food coffee mix material hard material materialPuertoRicostonelocation-basedcoffeemetal http://www.anacristinaquis.com/index-montauk#/materia-madura5 HotWireExtensions StudioLlioSeongilChoiFabioHendry plastic slsprintwaste chemical silicasand heat furniture hard material 3d-printplasticslsplamineralstructureart https://www.dezeen.com/2015/06/30/studio-ilio-electricity-form-solid-objects-wire-nylon-powder-3d-printing-waste/6 NewspaperWood MiekeMeijer paper newspaper chemical glue compress construction hard wood woodgluefurnitureconstructioncommercialtile https://miekemeijer.com/newspaperwood7 MicroUrbanMining JorienWiltenburg metal electronic(aluminium) knit textile soft textile electronicsmetalknitweavetextilemetallic http://jorienwiltenburg.nl/work19.html8 PreciousPlastic DaveHakkens plastic plastic heat material hard bioplastic plasticmeltheatheatpressmachineblendshred https://preciousplastic.com/9 JoiningBottles MicaellaPedros plastic plasticbottle heat mechanism hard bioplastic jointplasticbottlefurniturewoodmechanic https://micaellapedros.com/

10 ForestPineWool TamaraOrjola plant pineneedles compress furniture soft textile pinewoolcarpetsofthardmulti-functionalfurniturechairheatpress http://tamaraorjola.com/11 ReconfigurationofaTree ThomasVailly plant pinuspinaster chemical cellulose algae lignin plant rosin heat resin hard material bio-resinbowlmugmould http://studiothomasvailly.com/12 WillowProject IcelandAcademyoftheArts plant willowbranches water water heat pigment hard paint willowplant https://www.dezeen.com/2016/03/18/iceland-academy-arts-product-design-students-willow-project-materials-range-designmarch-2016/13 SeaMeCollection StudioNienkeHoogvliet algae seaweed heat dye soft paint seaweedalgaetranslucentsofttextilechairweave https://www.nienkehoogvliet.nl/14 Terroir JonasEdvardNikolajSteenfatt algae seaweed dry furniture soft paint seaweedcompositechairroughfurniturehard https://jonasedvard.dk/work/terroir/15 Cochayuyo SisaCollection algae bullkelp dry textile flexible textile clothingtextilehard https://www.sisacollection.com/cochayuyo16 CornspanandFromChiangMai ApiladaVorachart plant cornhusk plant charcoal heat material hard material panelsoundthermalinsulationmusic https://materialdistrict.com/material/cornspan/17 Solidwool JustinandHannahFloyd animal sheepwool bioresin bioresin heat furniture hard furniture furniturehard https://www.solidwool.com/about18 FromInsects MarleneHuissoud animal blackpropolis insect cocoon insect naturalbeeresin insect sikworm heat resin hard glass naturalbio-resinglassclay https://www.marlene-huissoud.com/from-insects-product/19 Merdacotta GianantonioLocatelliLucaCipelletti animal cowdung mineral clay plant straw mix material hard rock brickhardfurnitureinstallation http://www.theshitmuseum.org/about/20 Mestic JalilaEssaidi animal manure chemical cellulose grow textile soft bioplastic biotextilesbioplasticpapertextilecellulose-derivatives https://jalilaessaidi.com/cowmanure/21 TheNewAgeofTrichology SanneVisser human hair chemical resin knit textile soft textile hairfabricfishingtextilenet https://cargocollective.com/sannevisser/The-New-Age-of-Trichology22 HairHighway StudioSwine human hair compress material hard furniture naturalresinbioplasticambertranslucentaestheticsart https://www.studioswine.com/work/hair-highway/23 TheColourofHair FabioHendryMartijnRigters human hair metal aluminium heat pigment hard paint colormetalblackpigmentcoating https://www.martijnrigters.com/the-colour-of-hair-objects24 DustMatters LucieLibotte dust dust grow pigment hard coating jewleryceramicglaze http://lucielibotte.com/25 TheDustCollection AgustaSveinsdottir dust dust bioresin bio-resin compress material hard coating jewlerystonemarblecoatingsmallrough https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2014/05/23/agusta_sveinsdottir_dust.html26 HowDustThisFeel? MatildaBeckman dust dust chemical glue compress furniture hard coating blackmarblesmoothconstructionfurniture https://www.dezeen.com/2015/02/06/matilda-beckman-furniture-made-from-dust-stockholm-2015/27 Bottle-up SuperLocaldesignstudio glass glasswaste mineral cement mix material hard rock constructionmaterialhardtilelocation-orientedEast-Africa https://www.bottle-up.org/28 BeyondtheMainland PhoebeQuare seafood musselshell mix material hard material hardplasterlocation-orientedIrelandmarinehomewareceramicmarineseafood https://www.dezeen.com/2015/02/06/matilda-beckman-furniture-made-from-dust-stockholm-2015/29 Karawane PourleAlpes plant wheat plant ryestraw knit textile soft textile weavetextiletraditionknitswissstrawlocation-oriented https://www.formandseek.com/karawane30 AgarPlasticity AMAM algae agar heat material soft bioplastic bioplastictranslucentsolidhomewareharddisposabilitybiodegradabletranslucent https://www.a-ma-m.com/agarplasticity31 EcoGrill LouMoria plant pinefibre heat textile soft cookingmethod temporaryoutdoorcookinggrillutensil https://www.loumoria.com/tracing-paper-c1agn32 ShortLife KayPolitowiczSandyMaclennan plant plant-basedlyocell heat textile soft textile fashiontextileclothingshort-life http://www.tedresearch.net/research/detail/short-life/33 Polyspolia WillYates-Johnson chemical phenolicresin plastic thermosettingplastic chemical calciumcarbonate mineral woodflour heat material hard bioplastic bioplasticreformplasticthermosettingrecycle https://whyj.uk/polyspolia34 Collection1 CraftingPlasticsStudio plant plant textile textile heat material hard bioplastic bioplasticeyewearglassescompostabledurable https://www.craftingplastics.com/collection-135 FlaxChair ChristienMeindertsma plant flax starch pla heat furniture hard bioplastic bioplasticchairfurniturehardflaxpla https://christienmeindertsma.com/Flax-Chair36 MycoWork MycoWork fungi mycelium grow textile flexible leather leathergrowmyceliumbiodegradablemushroom https://www.mycoworks.com/37 GrowingLab OfficinaCorpuscoli fungi mycelium grow material soft bioplastic bioplasticmyceliumfungiachictecturedesigngrow https://www.corpuscoli.com/projects/the-growing-lab/38 MyceliumTextile CaroleCollet fungi mycelium heat textile soft coating textilepatternmyceliumgrow https://www.domusweb.it/en/design/gallery/2019/04/01/carole-collet-mycelium-textiles.html39 GrowItYourself KrownDesign fungi mycelium water water grow furniture hard material lamphomewaremyceliummushroomgrow https://www.krown-design.com/product-category/grow-it-yourself/?product_view=list40 InvisibleResources ZuzanaGombosova plant cellulose fungi bacteria grow pattern hard coating paintbacterialcellulosepigmentgrow https://www.frameweb.com/news/invisible-resources-by-zuzana-gombosova41 Interwoven DianaScherer food oat plant wheat mix composite hard material growplantcarpetpatterntextileclothingroughrootrootsystem http://dianascherer.nl/42 NewGeology JorienWiltenburg plastic plastic textile textile glass glass metal steel compress furniture hard rock furniturerecyclemarblerough http://jorienwiltenburg.nl/work14.html43 PlastiglomerateSamples KellyJazvac plastic plasticwaste mineral stone mix furniture hard rock artsculpturewasteenvironmenthistorygrow http://www.kellyjazvac.com/Stones/Stones.html44 CoffeeCompositeCo02 PilarBolumburu food coffeeground vinegar vinegar glycerin glycerin water water mix composite hard material compositebowlmugmouldhardhomewarerough https://materiom.org/recipe/17145 Carrageenaniota ZoëPowell algae carrageenaniota glycerin glycerin water water heat composite hard material leathersofttranslucent https://materiom.org/recipe/12046 Eggshellbiocomposite MaríaJoséBesoainAlejandroWeissLABVAfood eggshell vinegar vinegar chemical alginate water water heat composite flexible material compositehardsolid https://materiom.org/recipe/6047 Sawdust/agar-starch TamaraSchwarz algae agaragar glycerin glycerin water water starch starch heat bioplastic flexible bioplastic compositecontainercorkroughhomeware https://materiom.org/recipe/5348 Chitosan12%-Stiffbehaviour SorayaBornaz seafood chitosan glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar water water grow bioplastic soft bioplastic rubberbioplasticsoftflexibleseefoodmarine https://materiom.org/recipe/4849 KombuchaFabric LABVA food greentea food sugar chemical sodiumbicarbonate water water grow textile soft textile softtranslucentfermentatedorigami https://materiom.org/recipe/4250 Cork/agar-starch FabLabSantiago algae agaragar glycerin glycerin starch starch plant cork heat composite hard material corkcompositehomeware https://materiom.org/recipe/4051 Agarbioplastic ClaraDavis algae agaragar glycerin glycerin water water heat bioplastic soft bioplastic translucentbioplasticsoftflexible https://clara-davis.com/albums/bioplastic-wax/52 Agar-gelatinplastic FabLabSantiago algae agaragar glycerin glycerin food gelatin water water heat bioplastic soft bioplastic translucentbioplasticsoftflexible https://materiom.org/recipe/2453 Agarbioplastic(heated) AlysiaGarmulewicz algae agaragar glycerin glycerin water water heat material soft bioplastic transparenttranslucentbioplasticflexible https://materiom.org/recipe/4154 Gelatinbioplastic FabTextiles glycerin glycerin food gelatin water water heat bioplastic hard bioplastic elastictransparenttranslucentbioplastic http://fabtextiles.org/the-secrets-of-bioplastic/55 Gelatin/ochre'leather' FabLabSantiago glycerin glycerin food gelatin water water mineral redochre heat textile hard leather leatherbio-basedhardflat https://materiom.org/recipe/3256 MarinaTex LucyHughes seafood fishskin vinegar vinegar heat material soft bioplastic bioplastictransparenttranslucentseafoodfishfood-wastemarine https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/15/marinatex-lucy-hughes-james-dyson-award-design/57 DIYbioplastics LuciaBorroni food orangepeel starch starch chemical sodiumbicarbonate vinegar lemonjuice heat bioplastic hard bioplastic coffeehardhomewareroughbowlmug https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrUjjzznwEE58 DIYbioplastics LuciaBorroni food coffeeground starch starch chemical sodiumbicarbonate vinegar vinegar heat bioplastic hard bioplastic hardhomewareroughbowl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrUjjzznwEE59 Bioplasticfromwatermelon OngSK food watermelonpeel starch starch food honey vinegar lemonjuice heat bioplastic soft bioplastic flexiblesoftmaterial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ql9J84zmMAU60 Bananabioplastic MattiaMassetti food bananapeel glycerin glycerin vinegar vinegar chemical bakingsoda heat bioplastic hard bioplastic hardhomewarerough https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ielBPntT5W861 DIYbioPlastic ScuoladiAteneoArchitetturaeDesign"E.Vittoria"CamillaCardelliniBenedettaCelaniMichelaFalcetellifood teawaste starch starch vinegar vinegar food honey heat bioplastic hard bioplastic hardhomewareroughflat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1gLJ5jdGOM62 BIOPLASTICGRAPES SperimDesign food grapespeel starch starch vinegar lemonjuice food honey heat 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1. import the necessary libraries2. import the data from csv file to the program

Workflow

3. select the features and clean up the dataset4. pre-process the data by counting the words and calculating the frequency of words

Machine Learning: Final ProgramImplementing the association rule learning in Python

Workflow

5. call the build-in function of cosine similarity6. define different functions to get designated results


Workflow

7. prompt to ask for input8. call the function assigned


9. calculate the result by using output from cosine similarity10. get the result

Possible OutcomesTest with different inputs for desired materials

Mostly, the output is reasonable for looking for material formula based on applications. However, if there are inadequate instances, the result would be unexpected. For example, when “glue” is picked, it prints out instances of resins, which are similar to glue.

Possible OutcomesTest with different inputs for desired materials

References

“Building a Movie Recommendation Engine | Machine Learning Projects.” YouTube, 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoTwndOgXBM&t=4387s.

Fleming, Nic. “How Artificial Intelligence Is Changing Drug Discovery”. Nature.Com, 2019, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05267-x.

Raschka, Sebastian. “Frequent Itemsets via Apriori Algorithm.” Apriori - Mlxtend, 2019, http://rasbt.github.io/mlxtend/user_guide/frequent_patterns/apriori/

Roul, Rajendra & Varshneya, Saransh & Kalra, Ashu & Sahay, Sanjay. A Novel Modified Apriori Approach for Web Document Clustering. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. 2015,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.08463.pdf

VanderPlas, Jake. “Python Data Science Handbook.” Python Data Science Handbook, O’Reilly Media, Inc., Nov. 2016, https://jakevdp.github.io/PythonDataScienceHandbook/.

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