masters of european formalist cinema: from german expressionism to bergman
TRANSCRIPT
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Masters of European Formalist Cinema:
From German Expressionism
to Bergman
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German Expressionism
• A film premiered in Berlin, late February, 1920.
• Das Kabinett des Dr. Caligari by Robert Wiene
• Stylized sets with distorted buildings on canvas backdrops, crooked trees and lampposts, interiors in a theatrical manner.
• Completely non-realistic performance - jerky and dance-like movements
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German Expressionism
• Das Kabinett des Dr. Caligari (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, 1920)
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• Thomas Eakins, The Champion Single Sculls (1871)• Realist painting: realistic representation of outward
appearance
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• Photographic realism in painting – painter’s attempt to record reality as a camera does
• Thomas Eakins, Students at the Site of the “Swimming Hole” (Albumin print on paper, 1883)
• Thomas Eakins, Swimming (The Swimming Hole, 1885)
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Claude Monet, La Cathédral de Rouen (Full Sunlight; Gold in Dull Weather; Harmony of Blue 1894)・ French impressionism - attempt to capture fleeting qualities of light.
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Expressionism in Painting
• Abandonment of realistic representation and the expression of inner emotion through raw colours and distorted forms
• Large shapes of raw, unrealistic and symbolic colours expressing psychic condition.
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Expressionism in Painting
• Anguish, anxiety, fear, vanity, pride and other invisible emotion and concepts represented by elongated figures and distorted faces
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Expressionism in Painting
• Tilted, lean buildings, oddly angled streets, and distorted perspective express a state of mind, emotion and abstract idea.
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Expressionism in Theatre
• Expressionist theatre
• Expressionistic stage design (Bertold Brecht and Kurt Weil, Drei groschen oper)
• Unnaturalistic performance
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German Expressionism
• Actors and their performance fit to the composition of shots, set designs, costumes and lighting.
• ‘… the film image must become graphic art’ Herman Warm
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German Expressionism‘If the décor has been conceived as having the same spiritual state as that which governs the character’s mentality, the actor will find in that décor a valuable aid in composing and living his part. He will blend himself into the represented milieu, and both of them will move in the same rhythm.’ Conrad Veight
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German Expressionism
• Nosferatu: eine symphonie des grauns (Vampire: a symphony of horror, 1922)
• Directed by F.W. Murnau starring Max Schreck as Count Orlock (Count Dracula) based on Bram Stoker’s Dracula
• Albin Grau, art designer, costume designer and producer CLIP
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European Art Films
• International avant-garde style - French, German, Soviet filmmaking as an alternative to American realist film style
• The epitome - Carl Theodor Dreyer’s Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
• The film depicting the trial and execution of Joan of Arc
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European Avant-garde Films
• Great many close-ups, often decentered• Filmed against blank and grey background or
symbolic objects and signs (the sets designed by Hermann Warm, the designer of Caligari) The inquistion of Joan
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European Avant-garde Films
• Close ups of the face of Joan of Arc (Italian comedienne Renée Falconetti) without make-ups - every emotional detail is shown.
• Dynamic low and high angle framings• Symbolic scenes juxtaposed in editing• Accelerated subjective editing (Soviet Montage
film)
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・ Luis Buñuel (1900-1983 Spanish/Mexican)・ Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007 Sweden)・ Federico Fellini (1920-1993 Italy)・ Michelangelo Antonioni (1912-2007 Italy)・ Robert Bresson (1901-1999 France)・ Jacques Tati (1908-1982 France)