Masters Theses Competition 2008Krissada Chalermsook (104512)

 A Semantics-based and Flexible Framework for Web Services Composition

Agenda

Proposed Framework2

3 Evaluation

Conclusions4

1 Introduction

Agenda

Proposed Framework2

3 Evaluation

Conclusions4

1 Introduction

Introduction

Web ServicesSemantic Web ServicesWeb Services DiscoveryWeb Services CompositionWeb Services InvocationSemantic Web Services ChallengeSemantic Web Services FrameworkObjective

Web Services

Today’s world, the need of cooperation between enterprise has increased

Web services was designed to support interoperable machine to machine interaction over a network

3 roles- service provider, service requesters and service registry

Semantic Web Service

When time passes, the number of web services has increased -> hard for human to read and select the services.

Automate Web services operationsService Providers can add more information to

Web Services and machine can process that information

Service Requestors also can specify the goal to find Web services in the way that machine can process and return the matched Web services

Computer should has Domain knowledge that help in processing the information

Automation Tasks of Semantic Web Services

Web Services DiscoveryWeb Services InvocationWeb Services Composition

Web Services Discovery

Discover the appropriate Web services based on a request’s properties

Ex. Find the Notebook-selling Web services that have Fujitsu notebook

Manual VS. Automatic Web Services DiscoveryEx. Buying Fujitsu Notebook

Manual

Automatic

(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok

(WS)NotebookStore Chiangmai

Web Page show Notebooks sold in

Notebookstore Bangkok

Web Page show Notebooks sold in

Notebookstore Chiangmai

1.Read

1.Read

2. Choose

(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok

(WS)NotebookStore Chiangmai

Semantic Markup show Notebooks sold in

Notebookstore Bangkok

Semantic Markup show Notebooks sold in

Notebookstore Chiangmai

1. I want to find Nookbookshop that have Fujitsu brand

2.Read

3. Choose

4.Result

2.Read

Apple

IBM

Fujitsu

IBM

Domain Knowledge

Apple

Fujitsu

IBM

IBMOther 1000 Notebook

StoresWeb

Services

Future

Web Services Invocation

Execute an identified Web service Example - Execute Notebook Web

services to buy the notebook

Manual VS. Automatic Web Services Invocation

Manual

Automatic

(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok

Web Page for users to fill information for buying

Web services Endpoint

1.Execute by user-Interface

1.Execute by Http-request

(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok

Semantic Markup for Web services Invocation

1. I want to buy Fujitsu lifebook model AAA fromNotebookStore Bangkok

Domain Knowledge

2. Read and Invoke

Web Service Composition

Different users have different requirements of Web Services

Only 1 service cannot fulfill user’s requirement – Ex. travel (reserve hotel, flight, car rental), buy notebook and docking station (notebookshop, notebook docking shop, shipment)

Compose many services into one service to get new function.

Make Web services reusable – one Web services can be used in many compositions – Ex. Shipment Service Book Shop Notebook Shop

Reusability reduce development time and effort for new applications

Web Service Composition No condition

(WS)BookStore Phuket

I want to -Buy notebook

- Ship notebook to my house

(WS)BookStore Chiangmai

(WS)BookStore Krabi

(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok

(WS)Shipment Company Eastern

(WS)Shipment Company Western

(WS)Shipment Company Central

(WS)Shipment Company North16 Composition

Web Service Composition With Condition

(WS)NoteBookStore Phuket

I want to -Buy Fujitsu Notebook

- Ship notebook to my house

I live in Bangkok

(WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai

(WS)NoteBookStore Krabi

(WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok

(WS)Shipment Company Eastern

(WS)Shipment Company Western

(WS)Shipment Company Central

(WS)Shipment Company North1 Composition

Fujitsu

IBM

AppleIBM

Apple

IBM

Manual Web Services Composition

Web page1.Read Web Page that contains notebook information2. Choose NotebookStore Bangkok (Have Fujitsu)3.Read Web Page that contain shipments information4. Choose Shipment Company Central (can ship to Bangkok)

(WS)BookStore Phuket

(WS)BookStore Chiangmai

(WS)BookStore Krabi

(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok (WS)Shipment Company Eastern

(WS)Shipment Company Western

(WS)Shipment Company Central

(WS)Shipment Company North

Web page

Web page

Web page

Web page

Web page

Web page

Web page

(WS)Shipment Company Eastern

(WS)Shipment Company Central

I ship to Eastern

I ship to Central

I sell notebook Fujitsu and IBM

I sell notebook Apple and IBM

I want to buy Fujisu notebook and ship it to my house in Bangkok

Process(WS)Shipment Company Central +(WS) NoteBookStore Bangkok

Domain Knowledge

(WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai

(WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok

Machine UnderstandableInformation

Automatic Web Service Composition

Send

Answers

Semantic Web Services Challenge

Organization set up problem for evaluation of Semantic Web services

Set up Semantic Web services problems and let participant find the solutions

Problem includes Web services discovery Web services invocation Web services composition

Framework for Semantic Web services

There are many frameworks nowadaysThe framework cannot solve some

problems because there are limitation in technologies each framework used

PoliMi-Cefriel (WebML)

Glue discovery framework for Web service discovery

Composition using WebML - a graphical CASE tool which can model in Top-down approach

Glue discovery engine is not expressive enough to model the “work day” (Monday – Friday)

The framework cannot handle complex compositions.

DERI (WSMX)

Model Web services composition using Abstract State Machine logic which is complicated for services providers and services requesters

Do not have temporal reasoning

FSU Jena (DIANE)

DSD for discovery the services and compose the results using BPEL

Manually create BPEL process in composition tasks

Cannot do the arithmetic computations on time instances

Problems Level for each Framework using SWS Challenge

Characteristic of Good Semantic Web Services Framework

CompletenessFlexibilityEase to use

Completeness

The completeness – the service composition frameworks can compose or discover solution services from a set of services based on user specific goal if that set has at least one solution.

Completeness

(WS)NoteBookStore Phuket

I want to -Buy book

- Ship book to my house

I live in Bangkok

(WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai

(WS)NoteBookStore Krabi

(WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok

(WS)Shipment Company Eastern

(WS)Shipment Company Western

(WS)Shipment Company Central

(WS)Shipment Company North

the service composition approaches can find this answer

Flexibility

Flexibility – the framework can solve new kinds of problem with little effort – (little changes of code or not at all)

1. Buy Notebook Ship notebook to home

2. Buy Notebook Ship notebook to homeBuy Notebook Docking

Ease to Use

The ease of a language for annotating services

BookStoreLocation = Bangkok

SellOnlyCartoon BookEvery Book cost > 50 baht

<WebService name=“BookStore”><location>Bangkok </location><Sell>Cartoon</Sell>….</WebService>

Objective

To develop a framework and prototype system for Semantic Web Services discovery and composition with Completeness Flexibility Ease to use for service providers

To evaluate the propose framework with other works done before by using Semantic Web Services Challenge scenario to be case study.

Agenda

Proposed Framework2

3 Evaluation

Conclusions4

1 Introduction

Proposed Framework

An Example problemStep to use the systemRequirementsSystem DesignSolution to Web services discovery and

composition

An Example Problem

Buy Notebook 3 shops

Buy Notebook Docking Station 3 shops (Same as Notebook shops)

Ship Notebook 5 shippers

Buy Notebook Ship notebook to homeBuy Notebook docking station

A Requester’s preference

Buy Notebook Any brand Harddisk >= 40 Gb Ram >= 512 Mb

Buy Notebook Docking station Compatible with notebook

Ship Notebook Ship to NewYork The notebook’s weight is 100 lb

Step to use the system

Nxet Engin

e

NXET Rule File Requester’s

Goal

Web Services Repository

Sets of Services (Only names of services)

Composition Management

Module

BPEL EngineBPR File

Composed Service

Old Composed Service

Knowledge Repository

(Mediator and Ontologies)

Discovery Management Module

1. Services providers create Web services annotation

2. Services providers create Ontologies and Mediators

3. Administrator Create Rule4. Services requesters

specify goal5. The system discover the

services6. The system generate the

BPEL process archive file and publish to server

Requirements of System

Service Providers can annotate service in WSMO Web Service form.

Service Providers can use the mediator to match the system ontology with their ontology

Service Requestors can specify goal in WSMO Goals form and get the correct composed Web Service.

Administrators can add more rules.

The system can compose the Active- BPEL archive file and result in new composed Web Service

Requirements of System

If there are many composition results, the system can rank the result based on service requestors preferences by using Quality of Web Service (Availability, Accessibility, Integrity, Performance, Reliability, Regulatory, Security) .

System Design

finalThesis\figures\system-design.jpg

Solution to Web services discovery and composition

How can we select and compose the services using XET

Nxet Engin

e

Requester’s Goal

Web Services Repository

Knowledge Repository

(Mediator and Ontologies)

Discovery Management Module

NXET Rule File

Web services discovery and composition

For Web services discovery Consider only discovery of 1 Web service – shipment

Web service• to: NewYork• package weight: 100 lbs

For Web services composition Buy Any Notebook

• At least 512 MB RAM • At least 40 GB HDD

Buy Notebook Docking station• Compatible with notebook

Ship the notebook• to: NewYork • package weight: 100 lbs

XET for Web Services Discovery

XET concept = solve main problem by transforming the main problem into sub-problems and solve sub-problems

Main problem = Find Web services that match the user’s goal (functions in term of precondition and postcondition + constraints in destination and weight)

Subproblem 1 = Find the Web services pre(WebService) = pre(Goal) post(WebService) = post(Goal)

Subproblem 2 = Find the Web services that meet all constraints Sub-subproblem 1 = destination Sub-subproblem 2 = weight

XET Execution

Rule

Head

Body

Query (Goal) (Main problem)

1.Match

2. Execute body(Sub problems)

Web services composition problems

Buy Notebook Ship notebook to homeBuy Notebook

Docking

XET for Web Services Composition

Main problem = Find Web services that match the user’s goal (functions in term of precondition and postcondition + constraints) Subproblem 1 = If pre(Goal) = A and Post(Goal)= B,

find the sequences of Web services W0, W1,.., Wn that

Subproblem 2 = Find the Web services that meet all constraints

• Notebook Conditions• Notebook Docking Conditions• Shipment Conditions

W0 W1 WnW2 …A BA1 A1 A2 A2

XET for Web Services Composition(Con’t)

The sequence of service was passed to Composition management module to generate everything that Active-BPEL Engine need

The result of the composition is a newly composed Web services

Semantic Inference Problem – Compose Notebook and Notebook Docking Station (Inter Constraints)

Select Web services that have compatible docking stations

If the notebook is HP, the notebook docking station must support HP

Solution

Ontologies of the notebook docking station and including notebook model that it supportinstance a00000018 memberOf DockingStation

gtin hasValue "a00000018"

price hasValue "199"

category hasValue "DockingStation"

brand hasValue "IBM"

name hasValue "IBM-Dockingstation"

formodel hasValue "a00000008"

Composition Module

1. Bargainer service(Notebook)2. Hawker service(Notebook Docking)3. Muller service (Shipment)

Composition Management

Module

Discovery Management Module

BPEL EngineBPR File

New Service

Old Composed ServiceGenerate BPEL, WSDL andOther files from the servicesGiven from Discovery Management Module

Agenda

Proposed Framework2

3 Evaluation

Conclusions4

1 Introduction

Evaluation

Evaluation criteria Ease of Use Completeness Flexibility

Ease of Use

No logic is needed for services providers and services requesters

Some solutions need logicComparison of Features with other

frameworks.

Completeness

Can solve all problem in SWS challengeComparison of Problems that the

framework can solve with other frameworks.

Flexibility

Moving from the mediation problem V.1 (4 processes) to mediation problem V.2 (6 processes) need only the change in description code.

Comparison of Flexibility with other frameworks.

Agenda

Proposed Framework2

3 Evaluation

Conclusions4

1 Introduction

Conclusion

The research proposed a unified framework for Web services discovery and composition

The framework makes use of XDD, WSMO and BPEL

The framework can solve every problem in SWS challenge

The framework needs only a change in description code when moving from mediation problem V.1 (4 processes) to mediation problem V.2 (6 processes)

Service providers and requesters do not need to know any knowledge when using the framework

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Questions & Comments