mastery certificate - workforcegps

Mastery Certificate

Level Increases 1

Learning Materials for the Building Phases

** Building Construction Basics 3

Worksheet 4

1 Foundation: —Pier and Beam 7

Worksheet 8 Journal Exercise 13

—Slab 15 Journal Exercise 16

2 Floor Framing and Subfloor 17


3 Exterior Walls: —Stick Framing 23


—(SIP) Structural Insulated Panels 30 Worksheet 31 Journal Exercise 37

—(AAC) Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Block 38 Journal Exercise 39 4 Roof Framing and Roofing 41


5 Exterior Finish 48

Worksheet 49 Journal Exercises:

—Siding 53 —Stucco 55 6 Interior Walls 57


7 Plumbing, Electrical, and Mechanical

—Plumbing 65 Worksheet 66 Journal Exercise 69

—Electrical 70 Worksheet 71

Journal Exercise 75

—Mechanical 77 Worksheet 78 Journal Exercise 81

8 Drywall 82


9 Porches, Stairs, and Ramp 89


10 Interior Trim and Paint 95


11 Concrete Flatwork 104


Mastery Certificate Trainer Sheets for the Building Phases

** Building Construction Basics 1

1 Foundation—Pier and Beam 7 2 Floor Framing and Subfloor 12

3 Exterior Walls: —Stick Framing 15 —(SIP) Structural Insulated Panels 19 4 Roof Framing and Roofing 23 5 Exterior Finish 28

6 Interior Walls 33 7 Plumbing, Electrical, and Mechanical

—Plumbing 36 —Electrical 42 —Mechanical 49

8 Drywall 54

9 Porches, Stairs, and Ramp 59

10 Interior Trim and Paint 64

11 Concrete Flatwork 70

Green Construction Manual

** Recycling On Site 1

1 Foundation 3

2 Floor Framing and Subfloor 21 3 Exterior Walls: —Stick Framing with OVE 33 —Structural Insulated Panels (SIP's) 51 4 Roof Framing and Roofing 59 5 Exterior Finish: —Siding & Windows 93 —Stucco 105 6 Interior Walls 129 7 Pre-Drywall 149 8 Drywall 155 9 Porches, Stairs, and Ramp 167

10 Interior Trim and Paint 207 11 Concrete Flatwork 233

Mastery Certificate

Level Increases 1

HOUSE CREDITS

1) Foundation—Pier and Beam 1 credit Slab 2 credits 2) Floor framing & subfloor 1 credit

3) Exterior walls 2 credits

4) Roof framing & roofing 2 credits

5) Exterior finish 2 credits

6) Interior walls 1 credit

7a) Plumbing 1/3 credit

7b) Electrical 1/3 credit

7c) Mechanical 1/3 credit

8) Dry wall 2 credits

9) Porches, stairs & ramp 1 credit

10) Interior trim & paint 2 credits

11) Flatwork 2 credits

Mastery Certificate

Level Increases 1

MEMBER LEVELS Security Phase —Program orientation and 2 week probationary period Basic Leve—Members begin basic level after completing probationary period Level 1 —Requirements:

1) Complete 4 weeks in the program at Basic Level 2) Complete Building Construction Basics phase in Mastery

Certificate and have folder reviewed by trainer 3) Attendance—Positive bank time 4) Attendance and participation in all leadership classes 5) Good work habits and teamwork skills 6) Trainer approval

Level 2 —Requirements (See reverse side for house credits)

1) Complete 8 weeks in the program at Level 1 2) Complete Mastery Certificate phases totaling at least 4 house

credits including all worksheets and journal exercises. Have folder reviewed by trainer.

3) Attendance—Positive bank time 4) Attendance and participation in all leadership classes 5) Good work habits and teamwork skills 6) Trainer approval

Casa Verde Builders

Level Increases 2

Level 3—Requirements 1) Complete 8 weeks in the program at Level 2 2) Complete Mastery Certificate phases totaling at least 6 house

credits (Not including credits for Level 2) including all worksheets and journal exercises. Have folder reviewed by trainer.


Level 4 —Requirements 1) Complete 8 weeks in program at Level 3 2) Complete independent project such as Driveway or Side porch

with handicapped ramp a. Organize and give work assignments to fellow crew

members assisting with project b. Do material take off c. Give regular reports to trainer regarding material & crew

needs for the following week, estimate of completion date & problems encountered


Level One: Building Construction Basics

Tools

Safety Vocabulary / Materials

Energy / Resource Efficient Elements

Academic + Thinking Skills

1. Maintains & safely uses the

following basic tools • Hammer • Tape measure • Speed square • Utility knife • Tool belt • Circular saw • Wheel barrow • Cat’s paw • Flat bar • Chalk line • Chisels (wood &

masonry) • Sledge hammer • Phillips screwdriver • Flat head screwdriver • Drill • Cordless drill • Reciprocating saw • Level • Shovels (pick, spade,

sharpshooter) • Ladder • Framing square • Tin snips • Caulk gun

2. Chooses the appropriate

tool for the job

1. Works without injury to self

& others 2. Identifies & reports on-site

safety hazards o Unsafe behavior o Broken tools o Extension cords—

Performs regular inspections for cracked insulation, bent or broken plugs, etc

3. Considers risks related to specific tasks; chooses appropriate safety measures & equipment

4. Asks for additional safety training when needed

5. Wears appropriate work clothes & boots for the job

6. Identifies, locates & is able to use all site safety equipment (telephone, first aid kit, back brace, hard hat, gloves, eye & ear protection, dust mask, & fire extinguisher)

7. Uses correct lifting techniques to prevent back injury

8. Contributes toward an organized work site, free of safety hazards

9. Removes any jewelry that may be hazardous on site including rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings etc.

• Straight • Plumb • Level • Square • Blueprint • Fasteners

o Nails—Length in pennies (d)—finish, sinker, spiral shank, common, box

o Screws—Length in inches—drywall screw, deck screw. Gauge (thickness) of screw shaft: 6 ga.-up to 2 ¼”; 8 ga-2 ½”-3”; 10 ga.-3 ½”-4”

o Coatings--galvanized, plastic, bright, vinyl.

• V.O.C. (Volatile Organic Compound)

• Dimensional lumber sizes (2 x 4, 2 x 6, 1 x 4)

• Sustainability

• Permaculture

• Engineered products

• City of Austin Green

Building Program

Residential Rating (1-5

stars)

• Xeriscaping

• Mulch

• Green Elements

o Fly ash

o O.S.B.

o Cellulose insulation

o Zero or low V.O.C.

paints & adhesives

o Recycled carpet

1. READING / WRITING • Reads and interprets blueprints to

locate & transfer basic components of architectural drawings to house

• Maintains a journal which chronicles ideas, decision making, problem solving, & reasoning skills in the process of building a quality home

• Completes a journal entry explaining general Energy & Resource Efficient Elements related to Casa Verde homes

2. MATH • Reads a tape measure to the nearest

¼”

3. SPEAKING/LISTENING • Communicates effectively with trainer

& peers using correct construction vocabulary

• Follows oral & written directions

4. KNOWING HOW TO LEARN • Asks clarifying questions to ensure

successful completion of task • Carefully observes worksite

demonstration & applies to appropriate task

Mastery Certificate — Worksheet

Building Construction Basics 4

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BASICS

When measuring short lengths with a tape measure, it is difficult to get an accurate measurement because the hook on the tape moves back and forth. To make this easier, you can use a method called “burning and inch” which means that you put the 1 inch mark at the beginning of the line instead of the hook. Then you simply subtract one inch from your answer. Example

5 1/4” – 1” = 4 1/4” Problems Using your tape, measure the following lines using the method described above to the nearest 1/4”. 1) 2)



3) 4) 5) For 6-10, measure to the nearest 1/8” 6) 7) 8)



9) 10)

Phase 1a: Foundation (Pier & Beam)-- 1 credit

Tools




1. Maintains & safely uses all

Level I tools 2. Maintains & safely uses the

following tools specific to foundation work

• Pigtail crank • 100 ft. steel tape measure • Metal cutting chop saw • Water level • Builder’s level

1. Practices all Level I safety

measures & independently uses Level I safety equipment appropriately

2. Protect eyes & skin when

pouring concrete 3. Rinses skin with vinegar

after contact with concrete 4. Cutting steel with chop saw

or circular saw o Wears eye & ear

protection o Wears long sleeves o Protects area from

sparks

• Easement • Set back • Pier & beam foundation • Batter board • Stake • Duplex nails • String line • 3,4,5 triangle • Rebar • Rebar overlap • Circle tie • Pigtail (twist tie) • Pier • Tube form (sona tube) • Brace • Concrete • Pier anchor

• Fly ash

• Stepping stones

• Conservation—reuse stakes

& braces

• Rebar


determine placement of foundation on site

• Journal—1)Explains in writing how to layout string lines & erect tube forms, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to foundations

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates volume of concrete

needed to fill a sona tube 18” in diameter & 20 ft tall

• Calculate the diagonal measurement of a rectangle that is 9 ft x 12 ft



• Follows oral & written directions 4. KNOWING HOW TO LEARN • Asks clarifying questions to ensure



5. REASONING • Journal—Compares & contrasts

materials from Energy & Resource Efficient Elements section with other commonly used materials

6. PROBLEM SOLVING /DECISION MAKING

• Recognizes errors in construction procedures & corrects problems

• Considers options & risks when problems arise; evaluates & chooses best alternatives


Foundation — Pier and Beam 8

PIER & BEAM FOUNDATION

Problem 1 Calculate the volume of concrete needed to

fill a sona tube 18” in diameter and 20’ tall 18 in.

Step 1 Calculate the radius of the top of the sona tube. d Formula: radius = ½ x diameter r 20 ft Step 2 Convert inches to feet. Formula: # of feet = # of inches 12 inches / foot Step 3 Calculate the area of the top of the sona tube in square feet (ft2) Formula: Area of circle = π x radius x radius OR A = π r2 (Hint: π = 3.14)



Step 4

Calculate the volume of concrete needed to fill the sona tube in cubic feet (ft3)

Formula: Volume = (Area of top of sona tube) x (height of sona tube)

OR V = A x h

(Hint: Since you are multiplying ft2 x ft, the answer will be in ft3)

Step 5

Ultimately, we need to know the volume of concrete in cubic yards (yd3) because that is how it is ordered from the concrete company. So we need to calculate the number of ft3 in a yd3. There are 3 ft in a yard.

Formula (Volume of a cube): Volume = length x width x height OR

V = lwh



1 cubic yard (yd3)

Step 6 Using the result from Step 5, convert the result from Step 4 to yd3 Formula: Volume = Result from step 4 (ft3) Result from Step 5 (ft3/yd3)



Problem 2 Calculate the diagonal measurement of the rectangle below. When setting up the string lines for the foundation, one of the methods

we use to make sure all of the corners are at 90 deg angles is to measure the diagonals and make sure they are the same.

12 ft. a c 9 ft. b Step 1

Drawing a diagonal line across the rectangle gives you a right triangle. A right triangle is defined as a triangle with one 90 deg. angle



Step 2 When you have a right triangle in which you know the length of 2 of the sides, you can calculate the length of the third side using the Pythagorean theorem. Pythagorean Theorem—The sum of the squares of the 2 shorter sides of a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse (longest side). Or, to simplify:

(side a X side a) + (side b X side b) = (side c X side c) OR a2 + b2 = c2

a c b Once you get the total for a2 + b2, you need to get c by itself on one side

of the equation. To do this, take the square root of each side of the equation.

√ (total of a2 + b2) = √ c2 √ (total of a2 + b2) = c To find the square root of your total, either use a calculator or use trial and

error. With trial and error, just multiply a number times itself and see if it is close to your total. If the result of the first try is too low, choose a higher number.

(Hint: Side c is longer than side a or side b)

Mastery Certificate — Journal Exercise


PIER & BEAM FOUNDATION

(Feel free to draw pictures to help with your explanations)

1) Explain how to construct a pier foundation, step by step, using

correct vocabulary. Be sure to include setting string lines, drilling pier holes, installing rebar, installing sona tubes and pouring concrete.



2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to pier foundations.

Including: • Fly ash • Rebar • Stepping stones • Reuse of stakes and braces

Phase 1b: Foundation (Slab) – 2 credits

Tools





Level I tools 2. Maintains & safely uses

the following tools specific to concrete formwork

• 100 ft. tape • Water level • Builder’s level • Trencher • Metal cutting chop saw • Linesman’s Pliers • Pigtail crank



2. Protect ears & eyes when cutting rebar 3. Protect area from sparks when cutting steel

• Easement • Set back (Front, rear,

side) • Batter board • String line • 3,4,5 triangle • Formwork • Stake • Brace • Kicker • Duplex nails • Slab • Beam • Rebar • Bar diameter • Rebar overlap • Rebar stirrup • Rebar chair • Corner bar • Pigtail (twist tie) • Tie wire • Concrete • J-bolt

• Fly ash

• Stepping stones

• Conservation—reuse stakes,

braces, & form boards

• Rebar

• COA Green Bldg Program

Residential Rating

1. M15—Floor is durable

material for at least ½ of

all flooring

• M16—Structural floor is

finished floor for a

minimum of 1/3 of all

flooring


determine beam size & rebar specs for slab foundation

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to tie & place rebar2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to slab foundations

2. MATH • Calculates diagonal measurements

of foundation using Pythagorean theorem

• Calculates volume of concrete (in cubic yards) needed for foundation












Foundation — Slab 16

SLAB FOUNDATION

(Feel free to draw pictures to help with your explanations) Explain how to construct a slab foundation, step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include setting string lines, digging trenches, installing rebar, installing plumbing and pouring concrete.

Phase 2: Floor framing & subfloor--1 credit

Tools






following tools specific to subfloor & porch frame

• Quart glue gun • Chalk line • Sledge hammer • String line



2. Safely places & works on

beams & joists 3. Avoids skin contact &

inhaling vapors when using subfloor adhesive

4. Wears dust mask when

cutting arsenic treated lumber & washes hands after skin contact

5. Uses teamwork &

communicates clearly with crew in lifting & installing floor beams

• Floor beam (Girder) • Floor joist • O.C. (On Center) • Joist hanger • Subfloor • Subfloor adhesive • Nails

o 16d Sinker o Tico (Joist hanger) o 8d galvanized, spiral

• LVL beam (Laminated

Veneer Lumber)

• Engineered I-joist

• Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

• Low VOC subfloor adhesive


Residential Rating

° M3—No solid lumber 2 x

10 or larger for floor

framing

° Additions—Construction

adhesives have no

VOCs


determine placement of beams & joists; checks for conflicts between floor framing & plumbing

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to construct floor frame & install subfloor, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Explains energy & resource efficient elements related to subfloor & porch frame

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates number of joists needed

to frame subfloor • Calculates number of sheets of OSB

needed to complete subfloor 3. SPEAKING/LISTENING • Communicates effectively with trainer











Floor Framing and Subfloor 18

FLOOR FRAMING &

SUBFLOOR

Problem 1 32 ft. 40 ft.

With this floor frame, the joists are spaced at 19.2” O.C. How many joists will it take to complete the frame?

Step 1 • Since the floor frame measurement is in feet and the joist spacing is in

inches, one of them will need to be converted so that the units are the same for both.

• Let’s convert 19.2” to feet. • There are 12 inches in 1 foot so you will divide 12 into 19.2 • Before dividing, you will need to move the decimal points. It is okay to

move the decimal points as long as you do it the same for both numbers

• 19.2—192 • 12—120 • Now you can divide 120 into 192

Step 2

• Now that you know the joist spacing in feet, you can divide the result from step 1 into 40 ft.

• This will tell you the number of 19.2” spaces there will be in 40 ft.

Joists Beams



• But since there is a beam at the very end, you will need to subtract 1 from your answer to get the number of joists.



Problem 2 Calculate the number of 4 ft. x 8 ft. sheets of OSB that are needed to cover the floor framing. Step 1

• For this problem, all of the terms are already in feet so you do not need to do any conversions.

• This problem deals with Area which is flat (2 dimensional) space. This is different than Volume which you dealt with in the foundation section.

• One square foot (ft2) is a square whose sides are all one ft. long

• First, you will need to calculate the number of square feet (ft2) in the floor frame. Its dimensions are 32 ft. x 40 ft.

• Formula: Area = Length x width A = L x W

• Now you can calculate the area of the floor • Remember, when you multiply ft. x ft., the answer will be in ft2 (square

feet)

Step 2

• Next you will need to calculate the Area of a sheet of OSB • This is exactly the same process as in step 1 so you will use the same

formula. A = L x W



Step 3

• Now you have the Area of the floor and the Area of 1 sheet of OSB • Next you will calculate how many sheets of OSB will fit on the floor

frame. • For this calculation, you will use division

Area of floor frame (ft2)

Area of 1 sheet of OSB (ft2) • Since you have the same units (ft2) on the top and bottom of the

equation, you can cancel them out. • Your answer will be the number of sheets of OSB



FLOOR FRAMING & SUBFLOOR


1) Explain how to install floor framing and subfloor, step by step, using

correct vocabulary. Be sure to include installing & squaring beams, installing joists & installing subfloor.



2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to floor framing & subfloor. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Micro-laminated beams (LVL) • I-Joists • OSB • Low VOC subfloor adhesive

Notes, solutions, ideas:

Phase 3a: Exterior Walls (Stick Framing) – 2 credits

Tools

Safety

Vocabulary/ Materials Energy/ Resource Efficient Elements


• Circular Saw

• Miter Saw

• String Line

• Chalk Line

• Plumb Bob

• 100 ft. Tape

• Level

• 8 ft. Straight Edge

1. Practices all level I safety

measures & independently uses Level I safety equipment appropriately.

2. Properly sets up and uses

miter and circular saws 3. Practices safe lifting when

standing walls. 4. Properly braces walls after

they are installed

• Top Plate

• Bottom Plate

• O.C. (On Center)

• Stud

• King Stud

• Trimmer

• Header

• Cripple

• Rough Sill

• Sill Jack

• R.O. (Rough Opening)

• Diagonal Brace

(Permanent)

o Let–in Brace

o Steel Strap Brace

• Diagonal Brace

(Temporary)

• Plumb

• Line

• O.V.E. (Optimum Value Engineering) o Studs at 24” O.C. o Single top plate o No partition ties o 2-stud corners o No headers in non load

bearing walls o No dead wood o Box beam header

• Cellulose insulation • Low V.O.C. (Volatile

Organic Compound) construction adhesive

• Finger-joint studs


Residential Rating

• M4—Finger-jointed studs

used for all walls

• M7b—OVE framing

• E16a—Total fill insulation

in walls (Cellulose)

• E 18—Insulated headers


determine placement of door & window openings

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to frame a wall, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining Resource Efficient Elements related to wall framing

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates number of studs &

number of 12 ft. long 2 x 4s that are needed to build a wall that is 17’-8” long

• Calculate the insulation value for a 3 ½” thick wall with cellulose insulation

3. SPEAKING/LISTENING • Communicates effectively with

trainer & peers using correct construction vocabulary

• Follows oral & written directions 4. KNOWING HOW TO

LEARN • Asks clarifying questions to

ensure successful completion of task

• Carefully observes worksite demonstration & applies to appropriate task







Exterior Walls — Stick Framing 24

STICK FRAMING WORKSHEET

24” Problem 1 17 ft

Calculate the number of studs and the number of 12 ft. long 2 x 4s that are needed to build a wall that is 17’ long. The wall will have a single top plate.

The studs are spaced @ 24” O.C. Step 1 To calculate the number of studs, you must first get all of the

measurements in the same units. Right now, the wall length is in feet and the stud spacing is in inches.

First, convert 24” to feet. There are 12” in a foot. Step 2



Now you know the stud spacing in feet and you know how long the wall is in feet. Next, you can use these 2 numbers to determine how many studs are needed to complete the wall.

You will use division for this calculation.

If the stud spacing number does not divide evenly into the wall length, round up to the next higher number. Also, after you do the division, you will need to add 1 to the number of studs in your answer. The reason for this is that when you divide, that is telling you the number of 24” spaces there are in the wall. You still need a stud at the beginning and end of the wall. Once you get the answer, draw the studs into the wall drawing above.

24” 24” 24” 24” 24”

Example: 10 ft.

In this example, there are 5 spaces of 24” and 6 studs needed for the wall. Step 3

Determine the amount of 2 x 4 plate needed for the top and bottom plates. The top and bottom plates are the same length as the wall.



Step 4 How much lumber was saved by using a single instead of a double

top plate? Problem 2

Determine the insulation value for a 3 ½” thick wall with cellulose insulation.

Insulation is placed in the walls, attic and crawl space to help maintain the temperature difference between inside and outside. The more insulation you have, the less you’re A/C or furnace will have to run and the less it will cost you on your utility bills.

Step 1 WALL INSULATION

Inside house (The thicker the Outside house 75 deg. insulation, the 100 deg. higher the R-value)

Insulation is rated in R-value. “R” just stands for resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the higher the resistance to heat flow and the more it will help maintain the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the house. Cellulose insulation has an R-value of R-4 per inch of thickness. So you just need to calculate the value for 3 ½”.



You can set this up as a ratio. 1” = 3 ½”

R4 Rx Step 2

Then cross-multiply and solve for x



STICK FRAMING EXTERIOR WALLS


1) Explain how to frame and install stick framed walls, step by step,

using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include cutting & laying out plates, nailing studs, framing window & door openings, and raising & bracing walls.



2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to stick framing. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Optimum Value Engineering (OVE) • Cellulose insulation • Cotton insulation • Finger-jointed studs • Box beam headers • Low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) const.

adhesive

Phase 3b: Exterior Walls (Structural Insulated Panel “SIP”)--2 credits

Tools






the following tools specific to SIP exterior walls

• Quart glue gun • Air compressor • Pneumatic stapler • Level • #3 square drive bit • Scaffolding • Sledge hammer • String line



2. Properly braces SIP panels

as they are installed. 3. Avoids skin contact &

inhaling vapors when using subfloor adhesive

4. Uses proper lifting

techniques when moving & installing SIP panels.

• Structural Insulated Panel

(SIP) • Bottom plate • Spline • Header • Rough opening • Window & door frame • Top plate • Temporary brace • Electrical chase • Solvent-free construction

adhesive

• SIP

• Low VOC construction

adhesive


Residential Rating

o M7c—Solid ext. wall

system (SIP)

o E16b—Walls are

integrally insulated (SIP)


determine placement of window & door openings

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to erect an exterior SIP wall, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to SIP walls

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculate the cost of SIP panels for

the house • Determine the insulation value for an

SIP wall 3. SPEAKING/LISTENING • Communicates effectively with trainer











Exterior Walls — Structural Insulated Panel 31

S.I.P. (STRUCTURAL

INSULATED PANEL) Problem 1 Calculate the cost of SIP wall panels for the house. The panels are priced by the square foot (ft2) of wall surface area

(Do not subtract out the door & window openings). The price for straw SIPs is $5.50/ft2 The price for foam SIPs is $3.40/ft2 Step 1 First, you need to calculate the number of ft2 of wall area in the

house. Using the blueprints, determine the length and height of the exterior

walls. Formula: Area of wall = Length x Height OR A = L x H Length x Height = ft2

Wall 1

Wall 2

Wall 3

Wall 4

Step 2 Now, for each wall, you can multiply the length x the width in the

table above.



Step 3 Next, you add up the total ft2 for all of the walls in the far right column of the table.

Step 4 Now you have the total number of square feet and the cost per

square foot. To get the total cost, simply multiply the number of square feet by the cost per square foot.

Problem 2

Determine the insulation value for an S.I.P. wall with 3 ½” of compressed straw insulation. Insulation is placed in the walls, attic and crawl space to help maintain the temperature difference between inside and outside. The more insulation you have, the less you’re A/C or furnace will have to work and the less it will cost you on your utility bills.

Step 1 WALL INSULATION Inside House Outside House

75 deg. (The thicker the 100 deg. insulation, the higher the R-value)

Insulation is rated in R-value. “R” just stands for resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the higher the resistance to heat flow and the more it will help maintain the temperature difference. Compressed straw has an R-value of R-4 per inch of thickness. So you just need to calculate the value for 3 ½”. You can set this up as a ratio.



1 inch = 3 ½ inches R4 R(x)

Step 2 Then cross-multiply and solve for x. This will give you the R value for the SIP.

Problem 3

Determine the insulation value for an S.I.P. wall with 3 ½” of expanded polystyrene (Styrofoam) insulation. Insulation is placed in the walls, attic and crawl space to help maintain the temperature difference between inside and outside. The more insulation you have, the less you’re A/C or furnace will have to work and the less it will cost you in utility bills.

Step 1 WALL INSULATION Inside House Outside House

75 deg. (The thicker the 100 deg. insulation, the higher the R-value)

Insulation is rated in R-value. “R” just stands for resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the higher the resistance to heat flow and the more it will help maintain the temperature difference. Expanded polystyrene has an R-value of R-5 per inch of thickness. So you just need to calculate the value for 3 ½”. You can set this up as a ratio. 1 inch = 3 ½ inches



R5 R(x)



Step 2 Then cross-multiply and solve for x. This will give you the R-value for the SIP.



EXTERIOR WALLS (SIP)


1) Explain how to frame and install S.I.P. walls, step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include cutting & installing plates, framing window & door openings, and raising & bracing walls.



2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to S.I.P. walls. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Oriented Strand Board(O.S.B.) • Low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) const.

adhesive • Expanded polystyrene foam insulation • Low dimensional lumber usage

Phase 3c: Exterior Wall (Autoclaved Aerated Conrete “AAC” Block)--2 credits

Tools






the following tools specific to AAC blocks

• Drywall mud mixing drill bit • ½” drill • Notched trowel • Splash brush • Level (2 ft & 4 ft) • Rubber mallet • Line blocks • Drywall saw • Band saw (optional) • Sanding block • Jig saw • 1” paddle bit



2. Wears dust mask & safety

glasses when cutting block, sanding block, or mixing mastic

3. Secures line blocks

properly & takes care not to knock them loose or cut string line

4. Protects skin from mortar &

mastic. Rinses skin with vinegar after contact

• Autoclaved Aerated

Concrete (AAC) • Solid block • “O” block • “U” block • Rebar • Stirrup • “L” bar • Corner bar • “J” bolt

• AAC blocks with fly ash

• AAC blocks

° Reduced material usage

(blocks are 80% air)

° Blocks are structure as

well as insulation

° Insulation is continuous

(no breaks as in stud

walls)

° Stucco & plaster adhere

directly to blocks—no

lathe necessary


Residential Rating

° M8—Solid ext. wall

system

° H24—All wood is 1 ft.

above soil

° H27—Structure is not

made of wood


determine placement of “O” blocks & rebar according to architectural & engineering specifications

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to lay up a block wall, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient issues related to AAC blocks

2. MATH • Calculates number of AAC blocks

needed to build a wall 8 ft. x 12 ft. • Calculates number of AAC blocks

(“O”, “U”, & solid) needed to construct a wall 8 ft x 26 ft

• Calculates number of AAC blocks needed (“O”, “U”, & solid) needed for entire house

• Calculates volume of concrete (in cubic feet) needed for one “O” block cell 4” diameter x 8 ft. tall












Exterior Walls — Autoclaved Aerated Cement 39

EXTERIOR WALLS (A.A.C.)


1) Explain how to lay A.A.C. (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) block walls, step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include installing all 3 block types(solid, “O”, & “U” blocks), setting string lines & line blocks, mixing & applying mastic, installing rebar and pouring concrete.


Exterior Walls — Autoclaved Aerated Cement 40

2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to A.A.C. walls. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Low material usage (blocks are 80% air) • Low material usage for interior & exterior finish

(stucco and plaster) • Termite proof • Blocks provide structure and insulation

Phase 4: Roof Framing & Roofing--2 credits

Tools






following tools specific to roof framing & roofing

• Extension ladder • String line • Staple gun • Cordless drill with torque

adjustment • Hex bit • Chalk line • Tin snips • Metal cutting blade (on

circular saw) • Urethane caulk (NP1)



2. Correctly sets up & uses

ladder & scaffolding 3. Wears hard hat to protect

body from falling debris 4. Communicates clearly to

team members on ground & roof

5. Braces trusses securely to

ensure structural stability & prevent roof collapse

6. Takes wind conditions into

account before installing roofing sheets

7. Wears gloves when working

with metal roofing 8. Wears eye & ear protection

& protects area from sparks when cutting metal.

• Truss

° Regular truss (Fink) ° Gable truss ° Girder truss ° Top chord ° Bottom chord ° Web member ° Tail ° Gusset

• Barge rafter • Diagonal brace • Purlin • Rat run • Hurricane tie • Bird block • Insect screen • End wall flashing • Metal roofing sheets • Roofing screws • Drip edge • Ridge cap • Insulation baffles • Roof boot

• Roof trusses

• 1 x 4 purlins

• Metal roofing

• Continuous ridge & soffit vent

• Wide roof overhang


Residential Rating

° M6a—Engineered roof

trusses

° M9 & E22—Metal roof

° E21—Continuous ridge &

soffit vent


determine placement of trusses according to engineering & architectural specifications

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to frame a roof & install roofing, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Explains energy & resource efficient elements related to roof framing & roofing

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates height of truss peak. The

truss is 32’ wide and has a 5/12 pitch • Calculates number & size of roofing

sheets needed to cover entire roof 3. SPEAKING/LISTENING • Communicates effectively with trainer











Roof Framing and Roofing 42

ROOF FRAMING & ROOFING

Problem 1

Calculate the height of the truss peak on a truss with a 5/12 pitch and a length of 32’

In carpentry, the pitch (or slope) of the roof is given as a ratio of rise to

run. This is written as a fraction: rise run In roof framing, the bottom number in the ratio stays the same. It is

always 12. The higher the top number—the steeper the pitch. As you can see in the truss drawing below, for every 12 ft. you come in

from the end of the truss (run), the top chord of the truss rises 5 ft. On the blueprints, you will find a little sideways “L”-shaped symbol above

the drawing of the roof that tells you the roof pitch.

12 5 5 ft 16 ft. 12 ft. Step 1 You can set the problem up as rise = rise OR 5’ = rise run run 12’ 16’ Step 2 Then you cross multiply. 5’ = rise 12’ 16’ 12’ x rise = 5’ x 16’ Step 3



Since you are trying to figure out what r is, you need to get it by itself on one side of the equation. To get rid of the number next to the r, you just need to divide both sides of the equation by that number.

12 ft (r) = 80 ft 12 ft 12 ft

Since you have 12 ft. on the top and bottom of the fraction, you can cancel them both out. You can also cancel ft on the other side of the equation.

Step 4 Solve for r. If 12 does not divide evenly into 80, the remainder you have will be the number of inches in the answer. Example: If you divide 100 ft by 12, the answer is 8 ft with a remainder of 4. Then you put the 4 into a fraction with 12. It becomes 8 4/12 ft. And since there are 12 inches in a foot, this converts to 8 ft. 4 in.



Problem 2

Calculate the length of metal roofing sheets and the number of sheets needed for the main area of the roof.

Each sheet of roofing is 3 ft. 3 in wide and overlaps onto the sheet next to

it by 3 in. so each sheet covers 3 ft. The sheets are custom ordered to whatever length you want so the first step will be to find the length of each sheet which is the same length as the top chord of the trusses.

Step 1 If you have the roof trusses on site, you can measure the length of

the top chord. If not, you can scale it off of the blueprints (ask your trainer for assistance). Round this number to the nearest foot.

Step 2 Now that you have the length and width of the sheet, you can

calculate the area. Formula: Area = Length x Width OR A = L x W

Remember, since you are multiplying ft. x ft., your answer will be in ft2 (square feet).

Step 3 Next, you will need to find the area of one side of the roof. First, you

need to find the length of the roof, which will be equal to the length of the house (front to back) plus the overhang on the front and back.

Use the blueprints to find the lengths of the house and the overhangs.

The width (from the end of the overhang on the side of the house up to the roof peak) will be the same measurement you took in Step 1. The formula will be the same as for Step 2.



Step 4 Now that you know the area of one sheet and the area of one side of the roof, you can calculate the number of sheets by dividing. Formula: Number of sheets = Area of roof (ft2) Area of one sheet (ft2)

Step 5 The result from Step 4 is the number of sheets needed for one side of the roof so you will multiply that number by 2 to get the total for both sides.



ROOF FRAMING & ROOFING


1) Explain how to install trusses, purlins and roofing, step by step,

using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include truss and purlin spacing and nailing, roof panel installation and proper screw placement.



2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to roof framing and roofing. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Roof trusses • 1 x 4 purlins • Metal roofing • Continuous ridge & soffit vent

Phase 5: Exterior Finish (windows, stucco, siding) – 2 credits

Tools






following tools specific to exterior finish

• Underpinning (Stucco)

o Tin Snips o Mortar Hoe o Hawk o Stucco Trowel o Splash Brush o Water Bucket o Screed Board o Scratcher o Sponge o Rubber Float

• Siding

o Fiber Cement Scoring Knife

o Fiber Cement Siding Shears

o Story Pole o Chop Saw (w/ masonry

blade)



2. Protects skin when working

with stucco by wearing gloves & keeping hands clean

3. Rinses skin with vinegar

after contact with stucco 4. Correctly sets up & uses

ladder & scaffolding 5. Wears dust mask & safety

glasses when mixing stucco

6. Wears dust mask & safety

glasses when cutting fiber cement trim

• Stucco— metal stud,

track, lathe, J-mold, expansion joint, masonry sand, cement (Portland, masonry), plastic fibers, ratio, scratch coat, brown coat, finish coat, screed, float, vinegar

• Builders Felt • Windows—single pane,

double pane, reveal, single hung, double hung, horizontal slider, weather stripping

• Siding—lap siding, fiber cement siding, blind nail, face nail, starter strip

• Flashing—window, door, bottom of wall

• Exterior Trim—overhang (eave), gable end vents, bevel, miter, back prime, eave trim (frieze), gable end trim, corner board, railing, baluster, bird block

• Exterior Spackle • Caulk

• Stucco

• Fly ash

• Fiber Cement Siding

• Trim—fiber cement, cedar

• Low VOC Latex Paint

• Low VOC Latex caulk

• Weather Stripping

• Light Colored Exterior Walls

• Wide Roof Overhangs

• Double pane windows

• Low e (emittance) windows


Residential Rating

° E7—minimum 24” roof

overhangs

° E19—Double pane

windows

° Additions—Light colored

ext. walls, fiber cement

siding & trim

1. READING / WRITING • Journal—1) Explains in writing how

to install & flash a window, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Explains in writing how to mix & apply 3 coats of stucco, step by step, using correct vocabulary 3) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to siding, stucco, & windows

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculate the amount of siding

needed to cover one side of the house

• Calculate the amount of siding needed to cover the gable end truss












Exterior Finish —Windows, Stucco, and Siding 49

EXTERIOR FINISH

Problem 1 Calculate the amount of siding needed to cover one side of the house. Step 1

First, you will need to calculate the Area in square feet (ft2) on one side of the house. (Don’t subtract anything out for the door and window openings) Using the blueprints, find the length and height of the wall.

Formula: Area = Length x Height OR A = L x H Step 2 Next, you will need to calculate the Area that each piece of siding

will cover.

The siding comes in planks that are 8” x 12’. But with plank siding, each plank overlaps the plank below it by 1-2” so its “exposure” is 6-7”, not 8”.

For this problem, the exposure will be 6”. The formula for the Area is the same as in step one however, you

must make sure that all of the units (feet & inches) are the same. If you multiply 6” x 12’, you will get the wrong answer.

Since all of the other numbers are in feet, it will be easiest to

convert 6” to feet.



6 in. 12 in. /foot To keep the units straight, before dividing you can cancel out the “in.” on the top and bottom of the equation. This just leaves feet, which is what your answer will be in. There are 12” in a foot so you just need to divide 6 in. by 12 in./foot.

Step 3

Now that the units are the same, you can use the same formula as in Step 1.

Formula: A = L x H Since you are multiplying ft. x ft., your answer will be in ft2. Step 4

Now you know the Area of the entire wall and the Area of one piece of siding so you simply divide to get the total number of pieces. Formula: Number of pieces = Area of wall (ft2) Area of one piece of siding (ft2) Since you have ft2 on the top and bottom of the equation, you can cancel them both out. The answer will have no units, it will just be the number of pieces of siding.



Problem 2 Calculate the amount of siding needed to cover the gable end truss.

For this problem, you will just need to calculate the Area of the truss since you already know the Area of one piece of siding from Problem 1.

Step 1

Using the blueprints, find the length of the gable truss not including the tails (the length of the truss is the same as the wall that it sits on top of).

Height Base Measure the height of the truss at the center. *If you want an extra challenge, instead of measuring the truss you can calculate the height using the roof slope and half the length of the truss.

Step 2

Calculating the area of a triangle is very similar to calculating the area of a rectangle as in Problem 1. There is just one additional operation to perform. Formula: Area = ½ x Length (Base) x Height OR A = ½ x B x H Multiplying a number times ½ is the same as dividing by 2 so you can also write the equation A = B x H



2

Step 3

Now you know the Area of the triangle (truss) and the Area of one piece of siding. Just as in Step 4 in the first problem, you will divide to get the final answer. Formula: Number of pieces = Area of truss (ft2) Area of one piece of siding (ft2)


Exterior Finish — Windows and Siding 53

SIDING & WINDOWS


1) Explain how to install windows & siding, step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include window flashing & caulking, felt paper installation, siding exposure & nailing schedule, and trim installation.


Exterior Finish — Windows and Siding 54

2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to siding and windows. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Fiber cement siding • Fiber cement trim • Low VOC paint & caulk • Weather stripping • Light colored ext. walls • Wide roof overhangs • Double pane windows


Exterior Finish — Stucco 55

STUCCO


1) Explain how to install framing & lathe, and apply stucco, step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include cutting & installing steel studs, orientation & installation of lathe, different fasteners used and mixing & applying 3 coats of stucco.


Exterior Finish — Stucco 56

2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to stucco. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Stucco • Fly ash • Polyethylene (plastic) fibers

Phase 6: Interior Walls--1 credit

Tools






following tools specific to interior walls

• Chalk line • Level • Plumb bob • Tin snips • Metal cutting chop saw • Vice grip pliers



2. Wears safety glasses &

protects area from sparks when cutting with chop saw

3. Uses proper lifting

techniques when installing straw wall panels

4. Uses proper blade on

circular saw for cutting straw panels

• Top & bottom track • Metal stud • Header • Cripple • Pan head framer • Plumbing wall • Blocking

• Metal studs & track

• Straw panels


Residential Rating

° M8b—OVE framing on

interior walls

° Additions—Metal stud

interior walls, Straw panel

interior walls, Drywall clips


determine placement of interior walls • Journal—1) Explains in writing how

to construct a metal stud wall, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to interior walls

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates linear feet of top & bottom

track & number of studs needed to construct a wall 10’ 6” long

• Calculates linear feet of track & number of studs needed to construct all interior walls












Interior Walls 58

INTERIOR WALL

Problem 1 Calculate the number of studs and linear feet of track needed for the

wall below. Draw the studs into the drawing once you figure out where they go.

The studs will be at 24” O.C. Remember, at the door opening, you will need 2 studs on each side of the

opening. Also, you will need cripples (shorter studs) over the doorway. Scale: ¼” = 1’ (This is the same scale as the floorplan drawing in your

notebook) Step 1 Since the stud spacing is in inches and the wall measurement is in

feet, you will need to convert the 24” O.C. stud spacing to feet so that both numbers are in the same units.

There are 12” in 1’. You will need to use division to calculate the number of feet.


Interior Walls 59

Step 2 Before continuing, double check your answer from Step 1 by

looking at your tape measure. Now that you have the stud spacing in feet, you will need to

calculate the measurement that it will be equal to in the drawing. You know that the scale is ¼” = 1’. You will use multiplication for

this calculation. Step 3 Using your tape measure and the stud spacing measurement from

Step 2, mark out the stud positions (layout) on the drawing.

Since the hook at the end of your tape measure moves, it is more accurate to place the 1 inch mark at the beginning of the wall drawing and then mark the stud layout. Remember, you will need 2 studs right next to each other on each side of the door no matter where the regular stud layouts land.


Interior Walls 60

Problem 2 Most builders frame walls with 16” O.C. stud spacing. At CVB we

use 24” O.C. spacing to save materials. In a 26 ft. long stud wall, how many studs will be saved by using 24”

stud spacing instead of 16”? Step 1 Let’s start by calculating the number of studs needed for 24” O.C.

spacing.

First, you will need to get both of the numbers in the calculation in the same units since the wall length is given in feet and the stud spacing is in inches.

From Problem 1, you already know how many feet are in 24”. Use division for this calculation. With this calculation, you are calculating the number of 24” spaces

there are in 26’. There is always one more stud than there are spaces. You will need to add 1 to your answer to get the correct number of studs. See example below.

24” 24” 24” 24” 24”

Example: 10 ft.

In this example, there are 5 spaces of 24” and 6 studs needed for the wall.


Interior Walls 61

Step 2 For calculating the 16” O.C. spacing, it will be easier to convert the

wall length to inches since 12” does not divide evenly into 16”. You know that there are 12” in a foot and the wall length is 26’. Use multiplication to calculate the length of the wall in inches. Step 3 Now you have the wall length and stud spacing in inches so you

can use division to calculate the number of studs needed. If the answer is not a whole number, round your answer up to the

next whole number. Don’t forget to add 1 to the answer as in Step 1. Step 4 Now that you have the number of studs needed for 24” and 16”

O.C. spacing, you will simply use subtraction to calculate the number of studs saved by using 24” centers.


Interior Walls 62

Extra Credit—Calculate the percentage of lumber saved.


Interior Walls 63

INTERIOR WALLS


1) Explain how to install interior walls step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include cutting, laying out, & installing top & bottom tracks, orientation & installation of studs, framing door openings; cutting, joining, and installing straw wall panels.


Interior Walls 64

2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to interior walls. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Metal studs and track • Straw wall panels

Phase 7a: Plumbing—1/3 Credit

Tools






the following tools specific to electrical work

• Tubing cutter • Soldering torch • Pipe wrench • Pipe threader • Right Angel Drill • Hole saw • Level • Test balls • Tire pump • Pressure gauge



2. Practices ladder safety 3. Protects flammable items

from torch flame when soldering.

4. Practices drill safety 5. Provides for proper

ventilation when soldering or using PVC cement.

• Water supply pipes

(copper) • Solder • Flux • Wastewater lines • PVC pipe • PVC primer • PVC cement • Vent stack • “P” trap • Cleanout • Slope • Teflon tape • Plumber’s putty • Plunger • Nail plate • Plumbing strap • Black iron pipe

• Low VOC cement • Concentrate wet areas

together • Central W/H location • Efficient water heater • Electric vs. Gas Appliances • Low flow fixtures ° Faucet aerators ° Toilets-1.6 GPF, Dual

flush toilet-.8-1.6 GPF ° Low flow shower head

• Rainwater catchment system • Xeriscaping • Mulch • COA Green Bldg Program

Residential Rating ° W3a—W/H within 20 ft. of

clothes washer & baths ° W5—Existing vegetation

retained ° W7—Turf grass<50% of

pervious cover area ° W8—Grass-Low water ° W12—Planting beds

have 6” of soil containing compost and/or Dillo Dirt


determine placement of plumbing fixtures according to City of Austin specs

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to solder copper pipe & cement PVC connections 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to plumbing systems

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates drop in a wastewater pipe

that is 13 ft. long and slopes ¼” per ft.

• Calculates how much water is saved by using a low flow toilet compared to a high flow toilet if the toilet is flushed 10 times per day. Low flow toilet—1.6 gal. per flush. High flow toilet—3.5 gal. per flush.












Plumbing 66

PLUMBING

Problem 1 Calculate the drop in a wastewater pipe that is 13 ft. long. The pipe

drops (slopes) ¼” for each 1 ft. of its length. Formula:

Drop = (number of inches drop per foot) x (Length of pipe) D = ¼” x (L)

1 ft. ¼” 1 ft. D

L


Plumbing 67

Problem 2 Calculate how much water can be saved in one year by using a low

flow toilet compared to an older toilet if the toilet is flushed 10 times a day.

Low flow toilet: 1.6 gallons per flush Older toilet: 3.5 gallons per flush Step 1 Calculate how many gallons the low flow toilet uses in one day

Gallons per day = (gallons per flush) x (10 flushes per day)

Step 2 Convert the result from step 1 to gallons per week

Gallons per week = (gallons per day) x (7)

Step 3

Convert the result from step 2 to gallons per year

Gallons per year = (gallons per week) x (52)

Step 4

Repeat steps 1-3 for the older toilet


Plumbing 68

Step 5 Subtract the total for the low flow toilet from the total for the older

toilet

Gallons saved = (Gallons used by older toilet) - (Gallons used by

low flow toilet)


Plumbing 69

PLUMBING


1) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to plumbing and water use, such as:

• Having water heater close to kitchen, bathrooms & laundry • Concentrating plumbing areas together • Low flow fixtures (shower heads, faucets, toilets) • Xeriscaping • Rainwater catchment • Mulch

Phase 7b: Electrical – 1/3 credit

Tools






the following tools specific to electrical work

• Linesman’s Pliers • Wire strippers • Flathead Screwdriver • Phillips Screwdriver • End Cutters • Conduit Bender • Right Angel Drill • Auger Bit • V.O.M. (Volt / Ohm Meter) • Nut Drivers • Utility Knife • Ladders (Non-conductive) • Stud Punch • Needle Nose Pliers • Crimpers • Side Cutters



2. Practices ladder safety 3. Do not use metal ladders 4. Do not work on live circuits. 5. Wear rubber soled shoes 6. Correctly sets up and uses

right-angle drill

• Electrical Grid • Service drop • Conduit • Meter • Breaker box (Service

panel) • Breaker • Ground Rod • Ground • Romex • Single gang box • Double gang box • Wire nuts • Vinyl tape (electrical tape) • Receptacle (Outlet)

° Standard (Duplex) ° GFCI ° 240 volt

• 120 volt • 240 volt • Switch

° Standard ° 3-way

• Ohm • Volt • Ampere (amp) • Watt

• Ceiling fans

• Fluorescent lighting

• Outdoor motion detector

lights

• Solar Power

• Wind Power

• City of Austin Green Choice

Program


Residential Rating

° E27—Ceiling fans

° E44—Fluorescent lamps

° E45—Outdoor motion

detector lights

° E46—Solar panels (on

some houses)


determine placement of outlets, & switches according to City of Austin specs

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to wire an outlet, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to electrical systems

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculate the kilowatt use of a power

tool • Calculate the number and type of

appliances that can be used at one time on a 20 amp circuit












Electrical 71

ELECTRICAL WORKSHEET

Austin Energy sells electricity by the kilowatt hour (kWH). Each light or appliance is rated in watts depending on how much power it uses. One kilowatt is equal to 1000 watts. One kilowatt hour is equal to one kilowatt of power being used for one hour. Example: One kilowatt hour is equal to having ten 100 watt light bulbs turned on for one hour.

Problem 1

Calculate kilowatt use of a power tool. Then calculate how much it will cost to run this tool for 2 hours. (Refer to the electric bill on the back of the second sheet for the cost of electricity per kilowatt hour “KWH”)

Step 1 Look on the power tool for a metal plate with specifications on it. It

will tell you the voltage (usually 120V) and either the amperage (amps) or the wattage (watts).

Step 2 If it tells you the amperage and the voltage, you need to convert

amps (A) and volts (V) to watts (W). If it tells you the wattage, skip to step 3.

Formula: W = V x A or W = VA Step 3 Once you calculate the wattage or, if it tells you the wattage, you

need to convert watts (W) to kilowatts (kW). Formula: kW = W 1000


Electrical 72

Step 4 One kWH means that you are using 1 kW of power for one hour. Example: If you are using 2 kW of power for 3 hours, that is equal to 6 kWH (2 kW x 3 hours = 6 kWH) Formula: kW x H = kWH Step 5 To figure the cost of running the tool, just multiply the number of kWH x the cost per kWH (3 ½ cents or $.035)


Electrical 73

Problem 2 Which of these lights and appliances can be used at one time on a 20

amp circuit? a. Toaster—900 watts b. Coffee maker—550 watts c. 4 incandescent light bulbs—400 watts d. 4 fluorescent light bulbs—100 watts

(These produce the same amount of light as the incandescent bulbs)

e. Hair drier—1500 watts f. Computer—8 amps g. Television—1.5 amps

Step 1 Convert the watts to amps on the appliances and lights.

(Hint: the computer and TV are already in amps so you don’t need to do a conversion)

Formula: A = W (Hint: Volts = 120) V Step 2 After converting the watts to amps, simply add up the amp values

to get as close as possible to 20 amps without going over. If you go over 20 amps, the circuit breaker will trip which shuts off everything on that circuit.


Electrical 74


Electrical 75

ELECTRICAL


1) Explain how to wire an outlet, step by step, using correct vocabulary.


Electrical 76

2) Discuss energy efficiency issues related to electrical usage and

production such as: • Ceiling fans • Fluorescent lighting • Solar power • Wind power • City of Austin Green choice program

Phase 7c: Mechanical (HVAC)– 1/3 credit

Tools






the following tools specific to mechanical work

• Vacuum pump • Soldering torch • Tubing cutter • Tin snips • Nut driver • Duct board knife



2. Practices ladder safety 3. Wears gloves and dust

mask when handling duct board

4. Wears gloves when cutting

sheet metal 5. Safely operates soldering

torch • protects area from

flame • provides for adequate

ventilation

• Air handler • Condenser • Condensate drain • Compressor • Furnace • Flue pipe • Plenum • Duct board • Duct—flex of rigid • Boot • Duct tape • Mastic • Register • Return air • Thermal envelope • Programmable thermostat • HVAC filter

• Programmable thermostat • High SEER (Seasonal

Energy Efficiency Rating) A/C unit

• Whole house fan • Exhaust fans in bath,

laundry, & kitchen • Ducts in conditioned space • Optimal placement of

compressor unit • Properly seal ducts and

boots • Clean or replace filter

regularly • COA Green Bldg Program

Residential Rating ° H7—Exhaust fans in

baths, kitchen & laundry ° H8—Bath fans connected

to timer ° E4—600 ft2/ton of cooling ° E12—HVAC unit within

thermal envelope ° E13—Ductwork within

thermal envelope ° E27—Ceiling fans in all

main rooms & bedrooms ° E28—13 SEER A/C unit ° E31—Programmable

thermostat ° E34—Ducts cut to exact

length & no turns over 90 degrees

° E35—Ducts sealed with approved mastic


determine placement of ducts & registers according to City of Austin specs

• Journal—Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to mechanical systems

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates area of all windows in

square feet (ft2) • Calculates volume (in cubic feet) of

interior of house 3. SPEAKING/LISTENING • Communicates effectively with trainer











Mechanical 78

MECHANICAL

The mechanical contractor uses a book called Manual J to calculate the size of A/C system to put on a house. The more energy efficient the house is, the smaller the system can be which uses less electricity and costs lees money to operate every month. Some of the factors in Manual J are:

1) Combined area of all windows in square feet (ft2) 2) Volume of air inside the house in cubic feet (ft3) 3) Amount of insulation in walls, roof & attic 4) Is the ductwork inside the conditioned space or in the attic? 5) Amount of window shading

Problem 1 Calculate the combined area of all of the windows in square feet (ft2). Formula: Area = width x height or A = wh Step 1 Using the blueprints (including the window schedule), find the sizes of all of the windows and how many there are of each size. On the floor plan, next to each window there are numbers designating the size. Example: 5036. This tells you the width and height of the window. This window is 5’ 0” wide and 3’ 6” high. To find the Area, you multiply 5’ x 3’ 6” (or 3.5’) Many of the windows are the same size so once you calculate the area of a window you can multiply that answer by the number of windows you have at that size.


Mechanical 79

Size Area (ft2) How Many Total (ft2)

Window

Window

Window

Window

Window

Window

Total area of windows


Mechanical 80

Problem 2 Calculate the volume of air inside the house in cubic feet. Formula: Volume = length x width x height OR V = lwh

40 ft. 8 ft. 32 ft.


Mechanical 81

MECHANICAL


Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to mechanical systems such as:

1) Ductwork in the conditioned space (inside the house)

instead of in the attic. 2) High SEER A/C unit 3) Programmable thermostat 4) Whole house fan 5) Properly seal ducts and boots

Phase 8: Drywall & Texture--2 credits

Tools






the following tools specific to drywall

• T-square • Utility knife • Drywall screw gun • Air compressor • Texture gun & hopper • Rasp • Keyhole saw • Drywall saw • Drywall router




ladder & scaffolding 3. Keeps hands clear of knife

to safely cut drywall. 4. Uses teamwork &

communicates clearly with crew in lifting & installing drywall

5. Wears safety glasses &

dust mask when using drywall router

6. Wears safety glasses when

using screw gun 7. Wears safety glasses when

using texture gun 8. Protects electrical wires

from damage when using drywall router on electrical boxes

• ½” drywall (walls) • 5/8” drywall (type X,

ceiling) • Green board (wet areas) • Tapered edge • Square edge • Drywall clip • Type “W” drywall screw

(wood) • Type “S” drywall screw

(metal) • Mud ring • Corner bead • Tape & float • Joint compound • Splatter finish

• Adjust framing layout to

minimize cutting drywall

• Efficient use of materials to

minimize waste

• Leave last stud off of “T”

partition walls—allows

drywall to run past on

exterior walls

• Drywall clip—reduces lumber

usage & drywall cracking

• Separate drywall scraps from

other trash & place in yard

as a soil additive

• Recycled content drywall

• City of Austin Green Bldg. Program Residential Rating

° M22—Excess bldg. materials are reused


determine; 1) Placement of green board 2) Location of electrical boxes so that none are covered with drywall

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to measure, cut, & install drywall, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient issues related to drywall

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculate how many 4’ x 8’ sheets of

drywall are needed to cover a wall 8’ tall x 14’ wide

• Calculate how many sheets of drywall are needed to cover the walls & ceiling in the master bedroom












Drywall 83

D R Y W A L L

Problem 1 How many sheets of drywall (4 ft. x 8 ft.) are needed to cover a wall, that

is 8 ft. high and 14 ft. long?

(Height) 8 ft.

14 ft. (Length)

Step 1

Calculate the area of the wall in square feet (ft.2).

Formula: Area = Length x Height OR A = LH

Step 2

Calculate the area of a sheet of drywall, in ft.2, that is 4 ft. wide & 8

ft. long. For a flat sheet of drywall, we will use the term width

instead of height. The formula stays basically the same.

Formula: Area = Length x width OR A = LW


Drywall 84

Step 3

Calculate the number of sheets of drywall needed to cover the 8 ft. x 14 ft.

wall. Formula: Number of sheets = Area of wall

Area of 1 sheet

4 ft. 8 ft.

88 f8 ft. ft.

14 ft.

Problem 2

Calculate the number of sheets of drywall needed to cover the master

bedroom including walls and ceiling.

Step 1

Add up the length of all walls to be covered including closets. (Instead of

figuring the area of each wall separately, it is faster to add up the lengths

and treat it as one long wall.

8 ft. 4 ft.


Drywall 85

Step 2 Calculate the area of the walls. Formula: Area = Length x height (Hint: h = 8 ft.)

Step 3 Using the result from step 2, calculate the number of sheets needed to

cover the walls. (Hint: refer to question 1, steps 2 & 3)

Step 4 Using the same steps and formula, calculate the number of ceiling sheets

needed to cover the ceiling. (Hints: w is not 8 ft. in this calculation. Use

the blueprints to get the length and width of the room) Remember that the

ceiling drywall and wall drywall are different thicknesses so don’t add the

numbers from the walls and ceiling together.


Drywall 86

DRYWALL


1) Explain how to measure, cut and install a sheet of drywall, step by step, using correct vocabulary.


Drywall 87

2) Discuss resource efficiency issues related to drywall such as: • Using 10’ or 12’ sheets instead of all 8’ sheets • Spacing last stud on interior walls away from exterior wall • Reusing off-cut pieces • Using drywall clips • Is drywall a sustainable product?


Drywall 88

3) Compare and contrast drywall with alternative materials such as: • Plaster • Straw wall panels

Phase 9: Porches, Stairs & Ramp--1 credit

Tools






following tools specific to interior walls

• Framing square • Jig saw • Hammer drill



2. Blocks off stairs and ramp

while they are under construction

3. Does not leave tools or

materials on stairs 4. Safely sets up and uses

hammer drill

• Porch beam • Treated lumber • Crown • Porch post • Rough cedar • Post base

o Wet set o Surface mount

• Wedge anchor • Joist • Flashing • Joist hanger • Fasteners

o Joist hanger nails o 12d spiral galv. nails o Coated deck screws o Carriage bolt

• Lumber sizes o 2 x 2 o 2 x 8 o 2 x 10 o 2 x 12 o 4 x 4 rough cedar

• Composite lumber • Stairs

o Stringer o Tread o Riser o Kick plate

• Railing o Top rail o Bottom rail o Baluster o 4” x 4” Galv. wire

panel

• Composite lumber with

recycled plastic content

• Non-arsenic treated

lumber

• City of Austin Green Bldg.

Prog. Residential Rating

(Refer to rating sheet)

° E5, E6 & C1—

Covered porch

° M10—Composite

lumber

° H14—No CCA

treated lumber used

° H22—Wood to

concrete connections

separated by metal


determine placement of interior walls • Journal—1) Explains in writing how

to construct porch stairs, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to porches and ramps

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates the number of steps and

the rise for each step if the porch is 58” higher than the landing

• Calculates rise of a ramp 45 ft. long with a 1:8 slope








6. PROBLEM SOLVING / DECISION MAKING




Porches, Stairs, and Ramps 90

PORCHES, STAIRS & RAMP

Problem 1 Calculate the number of steps and the rise of each step if the

porch is 58” higher than the landing. Step 1 Calculate the approximate number of steps. To do this, divide 7”

(this is the average height of one step) into 58”. Round to the nearest whole number.

Porch 58” Landing Step 2 Take the result from step 1 and divide this into 58”. According to

the building code, the height of each step cannot be more than 7 ¾” tall. If the result from step 2 is more than 7 ¾”, you will need to add one more step which will reduce the height of all of the steps. If the result from step 2 is less than 7 ¾”, you are done.



Problem 2 Calculate the rise of a ramp that is 45 ft. long if it has a slope of 1:8.

A 1:8 slope means that for every 8” you go horizontally (run), you rise 1”.

8 in.

1 in. rise

45 ft. (run)

Step 1 Since you know that the rise is 1” for every 8” horizontally, you can

calculate how much rise you will have in 12” (1 ft.). To do this, change the 1:8 to a fraction. When calculating a slope you always put the rise over the run.

1” 8” Step 2 Next, you will make the 1” over 8” equal to a number ( x) over 12”.

Then you can solve for x. Start by cross multiplying and then divide to solve for x.

1” = x” 8” 12”



Step 3 The result from step 2 tells you how much the ramp rises for every

1 ft. you go horizontally. To calculate the rise for the entire ramp, take the result from step 2 and multiply it by 45 ft.



PORCHES, STAIRS & RAMP

(Feel free to draw pictures to help with your explanations) 1) Explain how to construct a set of stairs, step by step, using correct vocabulary.



2) Discuss energy and resource efficient elements related to porches, stairs and ramps such as: • Composite lumber • Non-arsenic treated lumber • Covered porch

Phase 10: Interior Trim & Paint--2 credits

Tools






following tools specific to mechanical work

Interior Trim • Miter saw • Jig saw (saber saw) • Nail set • Air compressor (Drain

tank daily) • Finish nailer (Oil gun

daily)

Tile • Tile cutter • Rod saw • Tile nippers • Notched trowel • Grout float




miter saw & jig saw 3. Wears safety glasses when

painting ceiling 4. Practices nail gun safety

• Wears safety glasses • Disconnects gun from

air hose when loading nails

• Keeps hand 4” or more away from tip of gun when nail fires

5. Wears safety glasses when

cutting tile 6. Reviews paint sprayer

safety issues in Trainer Manual before operating sprayer

• Trim

° Baseboard ° Door casing ° Window stool ° Apron ° Closet shelf ° Shelf/rod bracket ° Cleat

• Door ° Prehung door ° Door jamb ° Threshold ° Right/left hand swing ° Bifold door ° Solid/hollow core ° Interior/exterior doors

• Paint ° Latex (water based) ° Primer—Drywall,

wood ° Top coat—Flat, satin,

semi-gloss • Caulk (latex) • Interior spackle • Sand paper—coarse, fine • Door hardware

° Privacy/passage knob ° Dead bolt

• Hollow wall anchors • Weather-stripping • Ceramic tile

° Field & trim tiles ° Mastic ° Grout ° Tub & tile caulk

• Finger-jointed trim & door

jambs

• Paint

o Latex

o Zero VOC

• Medite II

• Hard board interior doors

• Metal clad, insulated

exterior doors

• COA Green Bldg. Prog.

Residential Rating

° M13-Finger jointed

trim & MDF shelves

° H9b-Zero VOC paint

° M15—50% of flooring

is durable material


determine size & swing of interior & exterior doors

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to hang an interior door step by step using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to interior trim & paint

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Measures to the nearest 1/16”. • Using the blueprints, do a take-off of

the baseboard needed for one room in the house

• Calculates number of gallons of paint needed to cover walls & ceiling of a room that is 10’ x 11’ 6” and 8’ tall with 2 coats of paint.












Interior Trim 96

INTERIOR TRIM & PAINT

When measuring short lengths with a tape measure, it is difficult to get an accurate measurement because the hook on the tape moves back and forth. To make this easier, you can use a method called “burning and inch” which means that you put the 1 inch mark at the beginning of the line instead of the hook. Then you simply subtract one inch from your answer. Example

5 1/8” – 1” = 4 1/8” Problems Using your tape, measure the following lines using the method described above to the nearest 1/8”. 1) 2)


Interior Trim 97

3) 4) For problems 5-8, measure to the nearest 1/16”. Have your Trainer or Peer Trainer draw the lines for you. 5) 6) 7) 8)


Interior Trim 98

Problem 9 Using the blueprints, do a takeoff of the baseboard needed for one room in the house.

Step 1 Measure the lengths of all the walls in the room to the nearest inch. Step 2 Add up the just the feet for all of the measurements. Step 3 Add up the inches for all the measurements and convert this

number to feet. Since there are 12 inches in a foot, divide the number of inches by 12 to convert to feet.

Step 4 Add the totals from Steps 2 & 3 to get the total amount of

baseboard needed for the room.

Problem 10 Calculate the number of gallons of paint needed to cover the walls and ceiling of a bedroom that is 10’ wide, 11’-6” long and 8' tall with 2 coats


Interior Trim 99

of paint. Each gallon of paint will cover 400 square feet (ft2). Remember, when you are multiplying feet x feet, your answer will be in square feet (ft2). Wall 1 Wall 4 Wall 2 Wall 3

Step 1 Calculate the area of wall 1.

Formula: Area = Width x Height A = W x H Step 2 Using the same formula, calculate the area of walls 2,3 & 4

Hint: Walls 1 & 3 are the same size and walls 2 & 4 are the same size.

8’

11’ 6” 10’ 0” Floor


Interior Trim 100

Step 3

Calculate the area of the ceiling. Hint: The dimensions of the ceiling are the same as for the floor. Formula: Area = Length x Width A = L x W

Step 4 Calculate the total square footage to be painted. Remember to

multiply the total by 2 for 2 coats of paint. Add up the totals from steps 1-3 and multiply that total by 2.

Step 5 Calculate the number of gallons of paint needed for the room.

Since each gallon covers 400 ft2, divide 400 ft2 into the total number of square feet from step 4.


Interior Trim 101


Interior Trim 102

INTERIOR TRIM & PAINT

Feel free to draw pictures to help with your explanations.

1) Explain how to measure, cut and install baseboard step by step using correct vocabulary.


Interior Trim 103

2) Discuss energy and resource efficient elements related to interior trim and paint such as:

• Hardboard doors • Medite II MDF • Zero V.O.C. paint • Finger jointed trim & door jambs

Phase 11: Concrete Flatwork--2 credits

Tools






following tools specific to flatwork

• Metal cutting chop saw • Bolt cutters • Rubber boots • Rubber gloves • Screed board • Bull float • Mag float • Edger • Broom



2. Wears eye & ear protection

& protects area from sparks when cutting with chop saw

3. Protects eyes & skin from

contact with wet concrete 4. Rinses skin with vinegar

after contact with concrete 5. Cleans all nails and screws

from form lumber as it is removed

• Driveway approach • Curb • Gutter • Asphalt • Form boards • Stake • Rebar • Expansion joint • Wire mesh 6” x 6” • Smooth dowel • Stair landing • A/C pad • Impervious cover • Broom finish • Vinegar

• Fly ash

• Rebar

• Reuse stakes & form boards

• Stepping stones

• Paver brick driveway


Residential Rating

° W9—Pervious Paving


determine placement on site of driveway & approach

• Journal—1) Explains in writing how to construct a driveway, step by step, using correct vocabulary 2) Completes a journal entry explaining energy & resource efficient elements related to flatwork

2. MATH (See worksheet) • Calculates the area of the main part

of the driveway, not including the approach

• Calculates the volume of concrete needed for the main part of the driveway












Flatwork 105

CONCRETE FLATWORK

Problem 1

Calculate the area in square feet (ft2) of the main part of the driveway (not including the approach).

Formula: Area = length x width OR A = lw

Step 1

Get the dimensions (length and width) of the driveway either by looking at the blueprints or asking the trainer.

Length = Width =

Step 2

Multiply the length x the width. Remember, since you are multiplying ft. x ft., your answer will be in square feet (ft2).

Problem 2

Calculate the volume of concrete, in cubic yards (yd3), needed for the main area of the driveway, not including the approach.

Formula: Volume = length x width x thickness (or height)

OR

V = lwt

Step 1

Notice that the first part of the formula is the same as for problem 1 so you already have the total ft2 for length x width. Just substitute this into the formula.

Formula: V = (driveway Area in ft2) x thickness


Flatwork 106

Step 2

Find the thickness of the driveway (ask the trainer) Thickness =

Step 3

Make sure all of your units are the same. The length, width and thickness must all be in the same units; either in feet or in inches. You cannot multiply ft x ft x inches or the answer will not be correct. Since the answer from problem 1 is already in ft., it is easier to convert the thickness into feet also. To do this, just divide the number of inches in the thickness by 12 (there are 12 inches in a foot)

Formula: Thickness (in feet) = Thickness (in inches) 12 inches / foot

Example: If your thickness is 8 inches, just plug 8” into the formula

Thickness (ft) = 8 inches 12 inches/foot

Since you have inches on the top & bottom of the equation, you can cancel them both out and your answer will be in feet.

Thickness = 8 12 ft.

Next, you need to convert this fraction to a decimal so that it will be easier to multiply by the answer from problem 1

.66 ft. 12 8.00 72 80 72 8


Flatwork 107

Step 4

Now multiply the Area of the driveway (result from problem 1) which is in ft2 by the thickness of concrete in feet. Since you are multiplying ft2 x ft, the result will be in ft3

Step 5

The next step is to convert the cubic feet of concrete (result from step 4) which is in ft3 to cubic yards (yd3).

First you need to calculate the number of ft3 in a yd3. 1 yard = 3 feet

Remember the volume formula from the beginning of problem 2. Use this same formula for the volume of a cubic yard V = length x width x height Think of a cubic yard as a box that is 3 ft long, 3 ft wide and 3 ft high

1 cubic yard (yd3)

Each of the smaller boxes is 1 ft3


Flatwork 108

Step 6

Now you convert your result from Step 4 to cubic yards (yd3)

Formula:

cubic yards of concrete = Cubic ft for driveway (ft3) needed for driveway Cubic ft in a cubic yard (ft3/yd3)

Since you have ft3 on the top and bottom of the equation, you can cancel both of them and your answer will be in cubic yards (yd3).


Flatwork 109

CONCRETE FLATWORK


1) Explain how to form up and pour a driveway, step by step, using correct vocabulary. Be sure to include curb cut, digging & trenching, formwork and reinforcing.


Flatwork 110

2) Discuss Energy and Resource Efficient Elements related to flatwork. Compare and contrast these elements with other commonly used materials and methods.

Including: • Fly ash • Rebar • Reuse of formwork • Stepping stones • Paver brick driveway

2006 Service Year January February March April

S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

8 ∂ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7

15 21 12 $ 14 15 16 17 18 12 $ 18 9 $ 11 12 13 15

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

29 $ 31 26 $ 28 26 $ 28 29 30 31 23 $ 25 26 27 28 29

May June July August S M T W T S S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S

1 2 3 4 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 5

7 $ 9 10 11 12 13 4 $ 6 7 8 9 10 2 $ 8 6 7 8 9 10 12

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 Ω 17 9 10 11 12 13 15 13 $ 15 16 17 19

21 $ 23 24 25 26 27 18 $ 24 16 $ 18 19 20 22 20 21 22 23 24 26

28 30 31 25 ∂ 23 24 25 26 27 29 27 $ 29 30 31

September October November August S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2

3 5 6 7 8 9 8 $ 10 11 12 13 14 5 $ 7 8 9 10 11 3 $ 5 6 Ω 9

10 $ 12 13 14 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 Ω 16 17 18 10 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 $ 24 25 26 27 28 19 $ 25 17 $ 23

24 $ 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24 30 ∂ Begin 1700 and 900 hr terms of service (Jan 9, Jun 26) Ω End 1700 and 900 hr terms of service (Jun 15, Nov 15, Dec 7)

Pre-service orientation periods (Jan 9-20; Jun 26-Jul 7) AmeriCorps Saturday Service days

$ Stipend check days (4:40 PM South campus) Break, Holidays (Pledge Day, Presidents Day, Spring Break, Good Friday, Cinco De Mayo, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Texas Heat Days, Labor Day, Diez y Seis,

Thanksgiving Break Graduation

mastery certificate - workforcegps

Documents