matera seminar espon 2.2.3 the territorial effects of the structural funds in urban areas ecotec,...
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Matera Seminar
ESPON 2.2.3 The Territorial Effects of the
Structural Funds in Urban Areas
ECOTEC, ECORYS-Nl; IRS; MCRIT; Nordregio; OIR; SDRU
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Structure
• Focus• Towards a typology of urban
areas• First policy recommendations• Challenges for the next phase
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Focus
• Work has concentrated on identifying consistent indicators and methods for identifying those urban areas that might be eligible for Objective 2 style programmes in the future – across the EU 27+2
• Assessing the territorial effects of structural funds in urban areas has not been a priority
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Towards a typology of urban areas
• Economic trends– Changing employment levels– Changing prosperity– Levels of dependency/vulnerability– Economic structure
• Social trends– Education levels– Income levels– Health– unemployment
• Environmental conditions
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Data availability
• Common European data sets at NUTS 3
• Nationally available data at NUTS 4 or 5
• Data that is specific to individual urban areas – Through case study analysis– Awaiting data that will become
available through the Urban Audit 2
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Initial typology
• Building on FUAs – using common data (at NUTS 3 level)– Limited economic data
• Employment*• GDP*• Economic structure (estimated)
– Limited social data• Unemployment*• Education levels• Population levels
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Initial basic typology
Type Sub-type Definition Number of NUTS 3 areas
AA Those areas which are in absolute difficulty on 3 indicators
13
AB
Those areas which are in absolute difficulty on 2 indicators and relative on 1
36
AC Those areas which are in absolute difficulty on 2 indicators but have none in relative difficulty
136
AD Those areas which are in absolute difficulty on 1 indicator but have 2 in relative difficulty
85
Absolute difficulty
AE Those areas which are in absolute difficulty on 1 indicator but have 1 or less in relative difficulty
431
BA Those areas which are in absolute difficulty of 0 indicator but have 3 in relative difficulty
29 Relative difficulty
BB Those areas which are in absolute difficulty on 0 indicator but have 2 area which is in relative difficulty
150
Not in difficulty
C Those areas which have 0 areas in absolute difficulty and 1 or less areas in relative difficulty
713
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Mapping of typology
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Accessibility and the typology 1
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Accessibility and typology 2
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Structural Funds and the typology
Structural Fund assistance in functional urban regions in difficulties 1994-99 Absolute Fragile Relative No
no fua (in %) 0 0,1 0 1
local/regional (in %) 8 26 7 34
National (in %) 2 2 1 9
International (in %) 0 3 5 3
Total 10 31 13 47 Source: ESPON 2.2.3 using the spending typology of ESPON 2.2.1 and the functional urban areas typology of ESPON 1.1.1.
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Developing the typology
• The strength of this typology is that it makes use of comparable datasets enabling robust comparisons to be made across the European territory.
• The weakness is that it applies at the NUTS 3 level, is particularly ‘blind’ to sub-urban level difficulties and utilises a limited set of indicators.
• An extended typology has been developed, but the data is not available to populate it.
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Extended typologyEconomic
Social Environmental
GrowthEfficiencyStability
PovertyInstitution/InclusionConsultation/Empowerment
Biodiversity/resilienceNatural resources
Pollution
Intragenerational equity
Governance/ culture
Economic
Social Environmental
GrowthEfficiencyStability
PovertyInstitution/InclusionConsultation/Empowerment
Biodiversity/resilienceNatural resources
Pollution
Intragenerational equity
Governance/ culture
The elements of sustainable development – Munasinghe 1993
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Components
• Multi-criteria analysis– PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization
METHod for Enrichment Evaluations)
• Status indicators (11)• Performance indicators (17)
• But: – from a total of roughly 1,600 FUAs in Europe
(including the accession countries and Switzerland) only about 100 FUAs showed a relatively complete set of indicators
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First policy recommendations
• Urban NUTS 3 areas tend to perform badly in EU 15 (particularly local/regional), an urban focus thus valuable
• Not to attempt to undertake a comprehensive assessment of all urban areas in the EU for Structural Fund purposes
• To undertake an initial assessment based upon NUTS 3 level data
• To use MCA to undertake urban-centred analysis in partnership with urban authorities
• To make use of data from Urban Audit 2 to assess the potential role of the Structural Funds in assessing urban–level difficulties
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Challenges for the next phase
• To assess the effects of the Structural Funds in urban areas– Data from 2.2.1– Case study analysis
• To assess the role of urban typologies in decisions regarding eligibility for Objective 2-style actions– Particularly issues of scale and competence
• To test the MCA approach using Urban Audit 2 data
• But, resource constraints