materials for circular economy€¦ · m.baricco department of chemistry and nis university of...
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Materials for Circular Economy
M.Baricco Department of Chemistry and NIS
University of Turin
Materials for
products
1950
today
Used materials Critical material
Circular Materials Economy
From M.F.Ashby «Materials and Sustainable Development» BH pub. (2016)
• Global consumption of materials 77 109 t/y (100 109 in 2030).
• Cost of materials increases faster then that of labour.
• Waste becomes a resource (urban mining).
Improving manufacturing
Industry 4.0 Smart factory IoT in manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing 3D printing
Improving recycling
Ecological Metaphor
The Brundtland Report (1987)
Sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
The 3 Ps
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development
Sustainability .. a complex story
Materials
• How do we achieve sustainable development? • How do we measure progress in achieving it? • What does it means in pratice? • How do materials fit in?
Critical raw materials
http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/raw-materials/specific-interest/critical/index_en.htm
IMMENSA project (Poletti)
Annual primary energy used for the production of 29 materials worldwide, cumulative scale on the right.
Timothy G. Gutowski et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20120003 ©2013 by The Royal Society
Energy for materials
Total primary energy supply (TPES) in 2014 = 590 EJ = 590 1018 J Making materials consumes about 21% of global energy
Energy for materials
William Stanley Jevons The Coal Question (1865)
Belmonte
Articulations of sustainable development
From linear to circular economy
Circular economy
www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
The 3 Rs
..other Rs?
The 4 Bs
• Better stuff: improved materials and technology
• Better design
• Better business models
• Better behaviour
Improving manufacturing
Improving unmixing
• Recycling might perform better or worse in terms of environmental burdens when compared with primary production.
• Producing metals from recycled sources can be more resource consuming than primary production.
• Recycling performance: effectiveness and efficiency (exergy)
• Entropy and enthalpy effects: we produce entropy for the separation and transformation of recycled materials, increasing their technical and economic value
• De-polymerize, de-alloy, de-laminate, de-vulcanize and de-coat materials
Steel
Product life
• Physical life
• Functional life
• Technical life
• Economical life
• Legal life
• Desirability life
From product to waste
Leasing of materials
by Francesca Baricco www.facebook.com/Recylaces/
From consumers to users… …from products to service
Trucking companies and airlines can choose to be billed based on the number of kilometres travelled, the number of tonnes transported, or the number of landings carried out using tyres supplied and maintained by Michelin.
Conclusions
Laudato si’
We have not yet managed to adopt a circular model of production capable of preserving resources for present and future generations, while limiting as much as possible the use of non-renewable resources, moderating their consumption, maximizing their efficient use, reusing and recycling them.
ENCYCLICAL LETTER “LAUDATO SI’” OF THE HOLY FATHER FRANCIS ON CARE FOR OUR COMMON HOME
References
• M.F.Ashby “Materials and Sustainable Development” BH pub. (2016)
• Walter R. Stahel “Circular Economy” Nature 531 (2016) 435
• “Metal Recycling: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure” Global Metal Flows Working Group of the International Resource Panel of UNEP
• “Novel materials – new opportunities and new challenges for the circular economy” The Journal of the Institution of Environmental Sciences 24 (march 2015)
• “STEEL IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: a life cycle perspective ” Worldsteel Association (2015)
Articulations of sustainable development