Materials for the 2020 Challenges:The view of industry

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“Materials for the 2020 Challenges”European Parliament Brussels. July 10 2012

Carmelo PapaExecutive Vice President, Industrial and Multisegment General ManagerSTMicroelectronics

Outline 2

New materials can address societal challenges by:

boosting performances of key enabling technologies

introducing entirely new functions in systems and changing manufacturing flow

Examples of new materials in semiconductor industry:

SiC and GaN for the new wave of power electronics

Polymers and flexible electronics for healthcare

Keep looking at advanced materials: e.g. graphene

Bridging the gap between material science and market

From Materials to devices to systems…

….and viceversa: problemsfrom applications leading to applied and fundamental R&D Fundamental

Material studies

Early device prototypes

Device engineeringand industrialisation

Applications

A long path from materials to applications

electric/hybrid car

Al

4H-SiC

Ti3SiC2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.010

-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

Ni2Si/4H-SiC

T=25 K

473 K

98 K

I(

A)

Forward bias (V)

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Societal challenges calling for better power actuators: energy efficiency and…

126$

Oil price increase

> 85% of produced energypresently derived fromhydrocarbons

Kyoto protocol on reducinggreenhouse gas emissions

….people concentration in megacities

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Healthcare spending is growing fast : currently 15% of GDP for USA,

8% of GDP for Europe

Global Healthcare spending is more than 5 Trillion Dollars per year

This spending trend is unsustainable for the future economy

To counter this trends, the Healthcare industry must change

A move towards Personal Home Diagnostic

Societal Challenges in Healthcare

Sensors around the body

Emerging Applications require Smart Integration : Moore’s Law and More than MooreMoore’s Law and More than Moore

“ More than Moore ” : Diversification

“ M

oore

’s

Law

 ” :

M

inia

turi

zati

on

SoC and SiP mix for Higher Value Systems

Ba

se

lin

e C

MO

S :

C

PU

, M

em

ory

, L

og

ic

BiochipsBiochipsSensorsSensorsActuatorsActuators

HVHVPowerPower

Analog/RFAnalog/RF PassivesPassives

130nm

90nm

65nm

45nm

32nm

22nm...

V

130nm

90nm

65nm

45nm

32nm

22nm...

V

Information Processing

Interacting with people and environment

Beyond CMOS:Quantum Computing, Molecular ElectronicsSpintronics

““Moore” approach: integrate more transistors in a chipMoore” approach: integrate more transistors in a chip

““More than Moore”: integrate functions in a Smart SystemMore than Moore”: integrate functions in a Smart System

Innovation in More than Moore comes in disruptive stepsInnovation in More than Moore comes in disruptive steps

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From Si Power Devices…….

The most recent Si MOSFETat ST Microelectronics

60 um Si wafer processingfor advanced IGBTs devices

….to SiC and GaN power devices

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Source: Yole Développement,

•Better power density•Lower losses•Higher operation temperature•Higher operation frequency

2015 SiC and GaN power device TAM: $0.5B

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SiC and GaN power devices

Source: Yole Développement, STMicroelectronics

GaN ProgramGaN Program650V / 15A HEMT

650V / 200A HEMT

GaN Transistor vs. 650 V IGBT

40% Power Saving

SiC Program

1200 V MOSFET (Q4 2012)

SiC MOSFET vs. 1200 V IGBT

64% die size reduction

Much higher switching frequency

SiC and GaN in Renewable Energy

Source: iSuppli

PV Inverter System 2014 TAM: $8.8B, CAGR 2011-2014: 11%

23 Mu, CAGR 2011-2014: 63%

High efficiency full solar system

DC-DC conversio

n and MPPT

DC-AC conversio

n and MPPT

Moving electronics into the Panel for Enhanced

Photovoltaic

Rectifiers(SiC, Schottky,

Ultrafast)

Rectifiers(SiC, Schottky,

Ultrafast)

Power Switches(MOSFET,

IGBT)

Power Switches(MOSFET,

IGBT)

Protections(ESD, EOS)

Protections(ESD, EOS)

Control Unit

PLM, ZigBee Transceiver

Metrology ICs

Gate Drivers

Power Modules

Auxiliary Power SupplySCR’sSCR’s

Enabling lower losses and

higher currents

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SiC and GaN in Hybrid & Electric Vehicles

Source: Yole Développement, STMicroelectronics

HEV / EV 2014 Semiconductor TAM: $1.9B

CAGR 2011-2014: 28%

PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

RectifiersRectifiers

Power Switches(MOSFET,

IGBT)

Power Switches(MOSFET,

IGBT)

ProtectionsProtections

Control Unit

RFTransceiver

Gate Drivers

Auxiliary Power Supply

Power Modules

PLM Transceiver

Smart Power Electronics for a dramatic reduction of C02 emission

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Smart Systems are everywhere and require the introduction of a wealth of new materials

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Healthcare& Fitness

Automotive & Transportation

Ambient Intelligence

Wearable Electronics

Gaming & Leisure

PortableConsumer

Flexible Conformable

Self Powered Autonomous

Wireless Dislocation

Cost Effective Disposable

Light Portable

Human Interface

Security & Safety

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Flexible Electronics: a new material for Smart Systems

...adding material knowledge for Flexible & Disposable Electronics

Bio-materials Metal/Non ferrose (Al, Ti, Cu, Ag, Tg, Au, Ni) Polimers (Non Metal/Organics/Thermoplastic)

• Polimmide

• PVC

• COP

• PET

• PEN Ceramics (Non Metal / Inorganics)

Advantages tenacity low specific weight workability

Disadvantages low mechanic resistance degradation over time deformation over time

Polymers

Advantages mechanical characteristics higher resistance to the use ductility

Disadvantages Low biocompatibility Rigidity High specific height Corrosion in physiological environment

Metals

Advantages Good biocompatibility Chemical inert High resistance to compression Resistance to corrosion

Disadvantages Low resistance to traction High specific weight Fragility Low workability

Ceramics

The project challenge is the development of interconnection technologies for autonomous, flexible and smart system:• Interconnection technologies between flexible components and flexible foils as well as between functional foils.• Three dimensional functional foil integration to achieve multi-foil based systems, i.e. system-in-foil.

The project challenge is the development of interconnection technologies for autonomous, flexible and smart system:• Interconnection technologies between flexible components and flexible foils as well as between functional foils.• Three dimensional functional foil integration to achieve multi-foil based systems, i.e. system-in-foil.

Technical DemonstratorEnergy autonomous indoor air quality sensing system capable of wireless communication of the measured data.

Increasing complexity by multi-foil 3D integration on flexible substrates

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Flexible Electronics at STMicroelectronicsApplication fields:

• Printed sensors / Flexible ICs

• Multifunctional systems on foil

• Smart disposables for healthcare and ambient intelligence

Technologies:• From litho-based on wafer carriers

… to printed electronics carrier-less

• To Hybrid system integration (e.g. multi-foil)

Wireless Strain Gauge Modulesfor pressure and temperature

Sensors around the body

Examples:

• Sensors on plastic: strain/pressure, temperature, gas and biosensors

• Smart objects with RF harvesting and wireless communication

• Transparent and Flexible electronics, incl. printed organics and oxides

• Implantable sensors for glucose monitoring

• Hybrid Si-Plastic micro-fluidic modules

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Application: Contact Lens for non-invasive early diagnosis and personalized treatment of Glaucoma (customer: SENSIMED AG)

ST Sensor is a strain gauge & antenna embedded in a silicone contact lens

The Sensor is capable of measuring cornea deformations due to Intra-Ocular-Pressure (IOP) variations

The IOP Sensor is a wireless sensor that acts as a transducer, antenna and mechanical support for additional read-out electronics

Example:Contact Lens for Early Diagnosis of Glaucoma

The complete (Smart) System commercialized by SENSIMED includes:- Contact Lens- External antenna & data-cable- Recorder- Software

ST Wafer containing contact lens sensor

Sensor & antenna embedded in a silicone contact

lensTelemetric chip

Contact lens sensorInto the patient’s eye

Intra-Ocular Pressure Disposable Sensor

18Press release March 24, 2010: ST to develop and supply wireless sensor for Sensimed’s Continuous Eye Pressure Monitor

Example:Diabetes Management with implantable biosensors

Application: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

Working Reference Counter

Source: www.medtronic.com

As of 2010 about 285 million people around the world, are affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus disease. Complications arising from diabetes can be both Acute and long term and include hypoglycemia, Ketoacidosis, coma, renal failure, amputations, neuropathy, and retinal damage.

In the last decade Glucose sensing technology became the major research focus in diabetes management area, and 80% of biosensor market are the glucose sensors.

As of 2010 about 285 million people around the world, are affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus disease. Complications arising from diabetes can be both Acute and long term and include hypoglycemia, Ketoacidosis, coma, renal failure, amputations, neuropathy, and retinal damage.

In the last decade Glucose sensing technology became the major research focus in diabetes management area, and 80% of biosensor market are the glucose sensors.

Over the next 10 years the cost of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke will take a tremendous toll on the national incomes of developing world countries. According to WHO, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke together will cost about $555.7 billion in lost national income in China, $303.2 billion in the Russian Fed.; $336.6 billion in India; and $49.2 billion in Brazil.

Over the next 10 years the cost of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke will take a tremendous toll on the national incomes of developing world countries. According to WHO, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke together will cost about $555.7 billion in lost national income in China, $303.2 billion in the Russian Fed.; $336.6 billion in India; and $49.2 billion in Brazil.

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http://www.medtronicdiabetes.net/products

Example: Biosensors for healthcare & fitness

Amperometric sensors: from Glucose to Lactate monitoring

Lactate levels are related to theanaerobic metabolism associated with muscle contraction:

0.6 ~ 2 millimoles in resting up to 20 or 30 mM during activity

Athletes have to stop physical activity when they reach their lactate threshold. Aim: to avoid metabolic disorders and injured tissues during sport

activities. Monitoring of several pathologic conditions, such as the case of patients

with cardiac disease and diabetes.

Multisensing of biological functions Biological chemical sensors associated with other physical

and mechanical sensors, such as ECG, accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature, pressure, light, etc.…

It requires dedicated electronics able to acquire the signals from sensor, process them and transmit to a portable remote unit

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From Healthcare to Ambient Intelligence

• Multifunctional systems embedded in everyday objects:

a) Wireless sensor networks• Network of sensors embedded with low-cost

electronics with RF & analog processing capability• Opportunities:

• Multi-sensors integration at each sensor node • Low power (either with battery or battery-less, where

possible)

b) Smart objects in packaging & textile• High volume (existing market for RFID)• Opportunities:

• Electronics on plastics, paper, textile• Gas and chemical sensors in smart objects• Flexible & streatchable electronics

associated with other functions and technology drivers: e.g. displays, energy harvesting, ULP radios

Thinnest material sheet imaginable…yet the strongest! (5 times stronger than steel and much lighter!)

Graphene is a semimetal: it conducts as good (in fact better!) than the best metals, yet its electrical properties can be modulated (it can be switched ON and “OFF”)

Very high current densities (~4-8 mA/m, equivalent to 109 A/cm2)

Superb heat conductor (>x40 than Si)

Record electron and hole mobilities (>×100 than Si)

Graphene has the potential to revolutionize numerous fields:Electronics, materials science, chemistry, bio-sensors…

Applications: new devices due to ambipolar transport, excellent electrostatic confinement, integration with Si and with flexible/transparent substrates

Keep watching new materials, e.g. graphene

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MarketMarket

Technological development

Pilot deploymentPilot line

European « three pillars bridge » to pass across the « valley of death »

KnowledgeKnowledge

The valley of death

Globally competitivemanufacturing facilities