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Hazardous Material Storage and Disposal Textbook 10.2 © 2008 - 2014 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair HWD01-STMAN1-E

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HazardousMaterial�Storage

and�Disposal

Textbook

10.2

©�2008�-�2014�Inter-Industry�Conference�On�Auto�Collision�Repair

HWD01-STMAN1-E

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�DisposalTextbook

Table�of�Contents 3

Contents

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�Waste.................................................................................7Safety�And�Training.............................................................................................................. 7Hazardous�Waste�Identification............................................................................................ 9Hazardous�Waste�Generation............................................................................................. 12Module�Wrap-Up............................................................................................................... 14Module�2�-�Proper�Storage�Of�Hazardous�Waste................................................................... 17Hazardous�Waste�Storage................................................................................................... 17Required�Labeling...............................................................................................................19Separate�Waste�Materials....................................................................................................20Module�Wrap-Up............................................................................................................... 21Module�3�-�Proper�Disposal�And�Records�Of�Hazardous�Waste.............................................25Spills................................................................................................................................... 25Disposal�Of�Waste..............................................................................................................27Record�Keeping.................................................................................................................. 29Module�Wrap-Up............................................................................................................... 30

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Module�1�-Identifying

Hazardous�Waste

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Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 7

Safety�And�Training

The�learning�objective�for�this�moduleincludes�identifying�hazardous�waste.

Hazardous�waste�can�be�generated�from�a�variety�ofproducts�found�in�a�collision�repair�facility.

For�safety�and�health,�it�is�important�tobe�aware�of�all�potential�hazards�relatedto�your�workplace,�including�hazardouswaste.�The�appropriate�safety�training�andproper�handling,�storage,�and�disposal�ofhazardous�waste�can�help�create�a�safeand�healthy�work�environment.

Exposure�to�hazardous�materials�maycause�or�contribute�to�a�variety�ofhealth�concerns.�Hazardous�materialscan�enter�the�body�by�absorbing�thematerial�through�the�skin,�breathing�inthe�material,�swallowing�the�material,�orinjecting�the�material�into�the�skin.

Exposure�to�hazardous�materials�maycause�or�contribute�to�a�variety�of�unsafeenvironmental�situations.�Environmentalconcerns�include:

• air�pollution,�which�may�resultfrom�situations�such�as�the�release

of�hazardous�air�pollutants�toinclude�dust�and�/�or�vapors.

• water�pollution,�which�mayresult�from�situations�such�as�therelease�of�hazardous�residue�fromcleanup,�spills,�and�/�or�dumpinginto�bodies�of�water.

• soil�pollution,�which�may�resultfrom�situations�such�as�hazardouswaste�leaked,�spilled,�and�/�ordumped.�Soil�pollution�can�lead�toair�/�water�pollution.

Improper�handling,�storage,�and�disposalof�hazardous�waste�can�contribute�tounsafe�situations.�Waste�materials�mayalso�contribute�to�conditions�that�can�leadto�fires,�explosions,�and�other�accidents�ifimproperly�stored�or�handled.

The�appropriate�training�regarding�hazardous�wastehelps�to�ensure�that�personnel�are�able�to�respondeffectively�to�emergencies.

The�appropriate�training�regardinghazardous�waste�should�provideinformation�about:

• safety�and�health�trainingprograms,�and�the�properprotective�equipment�required

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 8

when�working�with�hazardouswaste.

• the�safety�data�sheet�(SDS)�for�amaterial.

• housekeeping�/�environmentalconcerns,�such�as�pollutionprevention,�spill�prevention,�andcleanup.

• emergency�response�procedures.• refresher�training.

The�SDS�is�a�document�that�provides�informationabout�the�hazardous�characteristics�of�a�material�andthe�appropriate�emergency�information.

An�SDS�must�accompany�every�hazardousmaterial�in�a�workplace�for�professionaluse.�The�SDS�is�a�technical�document�thatprovides�detailed:

• hazard�information�for�handling,storing,�disposing,�and�using�thematerial.

• information�regarding�theeffects�of�overexposure�to�thematerial�and�the�steps�to�avoidoverexposure.

• emergency�information.

An�SDS�must�be�readily�accessible�toworkers�when�they�are�in�their�work�areasduring�each�work�shift.

Employers�are�allowed�to�add�or�modifyan�SDS�for�a�material’s�use�at�theworkplace.�The�revised�SDS�may�notcontain�less�information�than�the�originalSDS,�but�may�include�information�onhazards�relating�to�the�specific�workplace,and�include�local�laws�such�as�wastedisposal�laws�and�additional�exposurelimits.�The�original�SDS�must�be�kept�onfile�at�the�workplace.

This�SDS�details�specific�handling�and�storageinformation�in�section�7.

A�supplier-provided�SDS�is�divided�into16�categories�or�sections

• Section�1:�Product�Identification• Section�2:�Hazard(s)�Identification• Section�3:�Composition�/Information�On�Ingredients

• Section�4:�First�Aid�Measures• Section�5:�Fire-Fighting�Measures• Section�6:�Accidental�ReleaseMeasures

• Section�7:�Handling�And�Storage• Section�8:�Exposure�Controls�/Personal�Protection

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 9

• Section�9:�Physical�And�ChemicalProperties

• Section�10:�Stability�AndReactivity

• Section�11:�ToxicologicalInformation

• Section�12:�Ecological�Information(non-mandatory)

• Section�13:�DisposalConsiderations�(non-mandatory)

• Section�14:�Transport�Information(non-mandatory)

• Section�15:�Regulatory�Information(non-mandatory)

• Section�16:�Other�Information

Additional�hazardous�materials�training�classes�areavailable.

More�information�about�hazardousmaterials,�personal�safety,�and�detailedSDS�information�can�be�found�in�the�I-CAR�Live�Hazardous�Materials,�PersonalSafety,�and�Refinish�Safety�(WKR01)training�program.

More�information�about�hazardousairborne�pollutants�can�be�found�in�theI-CAR�Hazardous�Airborne�PollutionReduction�(HAP01)�online�trainingprogram.

Additional�information�on�hazardouswaste�compliance�can�be�found�at�theU.S.�Environmental�Protection�Agency(EPA),�or�Coordinating�Committee�ForAutomotive�Repair�(CCAR)�-�GreenLinkwebsites.

Hazardous�Waste�Identification

Product�labels�will�indicate�if�a�material�poses�apotential�danger�to�health�or�the�environment.

Hazardous�waste�may�include�solids,semi-solids,�liquids,�or�contained�gaseousmaterials.�Products�that�are�no�longerused�for�their�original�purpose�maybe�a�hazardous�waste�if�the�materialposes�a�potential�danger�to�health�orthe�environment.�If�the�material�wasconsidered�hazardous�originally,�it�islikely�to�remain�hazardous�after�use.

Hazardous�wastes�are�classified�into�twocategories:

• Listed• Characteristic

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 10

The�Code�of�Federal�Regulations�(40�CFR�Part�261)details�the�four�types�of�listed�waste.

Waste�is�considered�hazardous�if�itappears�on�one�of�four�lists�published�inthe�Code�of�Federal�Regulations�(40�CFRPart�261):

• F�list�-�Non-specific�sources• K�list�-�Specific�sources• P�list�-�Discarded�commercialchemical�products

• U�list�-�Discarded�commercialchemical�products

Currently,�more�than�500�wastes�arelisted.�Wastes�are�listed�as�hazardousbecause�they�are�known�to�be�harmful�tohuman�health�and�the�environment�whennot�managed�properly.

These�symbols�represent�material�waste�thathas�ignitable,�corrosive,�reactive,�and�/�or�toxichazardous�material�characteristics.

Waste�that�does�not�appear�as�listedmay�be�considered�hazardous�if�it�hasignitable,�corrosive,�reactive,�and�/�ortoxic�characteristics.

An�ignitable�waste�has�a�flash�point�below140ºF.�These�types�of�waste�can�createa�fire�under�certain�conditions�such�astemperature�or�pressure,�or�are�capableof�spontaneous�combustion.�Examplesinclude�used�paints,�oils,�and�solvents.

A�corrosive�waste�is�a�strong�acid�orstrong�base�or�alkali.�Strong�acids�maybe�referred�to�as�corrosive�and�strongbases�may�be�referred�to�as�caustic.�ThepH�of�a�substance�can�be�defined�as�themeasure�of�acidity�or�alkalinity�on�a�scalewhose�values�range�from�0�to�14�with�7representing�neutral.�Numbers�less�than�7correspond�to�increasing�acidity.�Numbersgreater�than�7�correspond�to�increasingalkalinity.�A�strong�acid�has�a�pH�less�thanor�equal�to�2.0�and�a�strong�base�has�a�pHgreater�than�or�equal�to�12.5.�Examplesinclude�acid�or�alkaline�cleaning�solutionsand�battery�acid.

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 11

Hazardous�wastes�with�reactivecharacteristics�are�unstable�or�undergochemical�reactions,�such�as�generatingtoxic�gases,�or�are�explosive.�Examplesinclude�some�fiberglass�body�filler,polyester�body�filler,�and�rubberizedundercoating.�Closed�containers�of�thesetypes�of�materials�that�are�exposed�to�hightemperatures,�such�as�fire�conditions,�mayexplode.

Hazardous�waste�that�is�considered�toxicmay�be�in�chemical�form,�or�containmetals,�and�/�or�organic�compounds.Toxic�wastes�are�harmful�or�fatal�wheningested�or�absorbed,�or�leach�toxicchemicals�into�the�soil�or�groundwaterwhen�disposed.�Examples�include�expiredpaints�/�solvents�and�used�sprayboothfilters�that�contain�heavy�metals.

A�storage�container�contents�can�be�tested�todetermine�if�it�has�toxic�characteristics�by�using�theTCLP.

If�a�material�is�not�specifically�listedas�toxic,�it�can�be�tested�to�determineif�it�has�toxic�characteristics�by�alicensed�environmental�laboratory�usingthe�Toxicity�Characteristic�LeachingProcedure�(TCLP).�Some�waste�haulersmay�require�that�materials�not�specifically

listed�as�toxic�be�tested�before�beingtransported.

The�TCLP�is�a�one-time�test�thatdetermines�whether�some�waste�must�beconsidered�hazardous.�The�TCLP�doesnot�have�to�be�repeated�unless�differentmaterials�are�used.

The�TCLP�is�designed�to�duplicate�theleaching�process�that�occurs�whenwastes�are�buried�in�a�typical�landfill.�Ifthe�leached�substances�from�the�wastecontain�any�of�the�regulated�contaminantsat�concentrations�equal�to�or�greater�thanthe�regulatory�levels,�then�the�waste�isdetermined�to�exhibit�toxic�characteristics.Some�of�the�regulated�contaminants�thatmay�exist�in�a�collision�facility�includeheavy�metals�such�as�cadmium,�lead,�ormercury.

Various�refinishing�materials�may�be�sources�for�thegeneration�of�liquid�hazardous�waste.

Potentially�hazardous�waste�may�be�in�aliquid�state.�Some�examples�of�hazardousliquids�commonly�found�in�a�repairfacility�include�solvents,�expired�paint,and�oil-based�materials.�Other�hazardousliquids�may�include�antifreeze,�batteryacid,�metal�etching�acid,�corrosives,�and

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 12

wastewater.�The�acid�in�lead-acid�batteriesis�highly�corrosive.

Potential�sources�of�solid�hazardous�waste�includedisposable�paint�mixing�equipment.

Potentially�hazardous�waste�may�be�in�asolid�state.�Hazardous�solid�waste�mayinclude�such�materials�as�disposablepaint�mixing�equipment,�empty�coatingcontainers,�spraybooth�filters,�and�solventrecycling�sludge.

Other�hazardous�solids�may�includetowels�and�absorbent�materials�containingpotentially�hazardous�liquids,�refrigerantrecovery�equipment�filters,�fluorescentbulbs,�and�lead-acid�batteries.�Lead�hasbeen�linked�to�central�nervous�systemdamage�in�humans�and�animals.

Dust�and�shavings�can�be�hazardouswaste�and�should�be�prevented�frombecoming�airborne.�Avoid�inhalingparticulates.�Always�wear�the�properprotective�equipment�when�workingaround�airborne�particulates.�To�helpcontrol�airborne�particulates:

• a�vacuum�system�should�be�used.

• do�not�use�compressed�air�to�cleanthe�work�area.

• mist�with�water�or�use�acleanup�aid�such�as�a�sweepingcompound.

• handle�hazardous�dust�andshavings�waste�carefully.

Hazardous�Waste�Generation

Only�waste�that�is�in�a�container�or�other�unitwaiting�to�be�disposed�of�is�considered�generated.

The�U.S.�EPA�states�that�generationoccurs�when�a�substance�becomes�awaste.�When�determining�the�volumeof�waste�generated,�only�waste�that�is�ina�container�or�other�unit�waiting�to�bedisposed�of�is�considered�generated.�Forexample,�solvent�stored�in�a�drum�waitingfor�disposal�or�recycling�is�generatedwaste,�while�solvent�in�a�parts�washer�thatis�currently�in�use�is�not�yet�a�waste�andthe�facility�has�not�generated�it.

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 13

Quantity�of�waste�generated�in�a�calendar�monthdetermines�which�regulations�apply.

According�to�EPA�guidelines,�the�quantityof�waste�generated�in�a�calendar�monthdetermines�which�regulations�apply.�Thereare�three�classes�of�generators:

• Conditionally-exempt�smallquantity�generator

• Small�quantity�generator• Large�quantity�generator

Conditionally-exempt�small�quantity�generators(CESQG)�generate�approximately�1/2�of�a�55�gallondrum�or�less�of�hazardous�waste�in�any�month.

Conditionally-exempt�small�quantitygenerators�generate�no�more�than�220lb�of�hazardous�waste�per�month�(this�isapproximately�1/2�of�a�55�gallon�drum�or

less�of�hazardous�waste�in�any�month).The�facilities:

• are�not�required�to�obtain�an�EPAidentification�(ID)�number.

• have�no�storage�requirements.• do�not�need�a�shipping�manifest.• do�not�need�personnel�training.

Small�quantity�generator�(SQG)�generate�more�than1/2�of�a�55�gallon�drum�of�hazardous�waste,�but�lessthan�five�55�gallon�drums�of�hazardous�waste�in�anymonth.

Small�quantity�generators�generatebetween�220�lb�and�2,200�lb�ofhazardous�waste�per�month�(this�is�morethan�1/2�of�a�55�gallon�drum�of�hazardouswaste,�but�less�than�five�55�gallon�drumsof�hazardous�waste�in�any�month).�Thesefacilities:

• must�have�an�EPA�ID�number.• have�basic�storage�requirementswith�technical�standards�for�tanksor�containers.

• require�a�shipping�manifest.• require�basic�personnel�training.

Module�1�-�Identifying�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 14

Large�quantity�generator�(LQG)�generateapproximately�five�55�gallon�drums�or�more�ofhazardous�waste�in�any�month

Large�quantity�generators�generate�over2,200�lb�of�hazardous�waste�per�month(approximately�five�55�gallon�drums�ormore�of�hazardous�waste�in�any�month).The�facilities:

• must�have�an�EPA�ID�number.• have�full�storage�compliance�formanagement�of�tanks,�containers,drip�pads�or�containmentbuildings.

• require�shipping�manifests.• require�personnel�training.

Conducting�periodic�inspections�will�ensure�acompliant�hazadous�waste�storage�program.

The�EPA�or�the�Occupational�Safety�andHealth�Administration�(OSHA)�issue�mosthazardous�waste�regulations�in�the�U.S.However,�enforcement�is�almost�alwaysdone�at�the�state�level.�Facilities�shouldcheck�state�regulations�for�specific�rules.

Module�Wrap-Up

The�topic�discussed�in�this�moduleincluded�identifying�hazardous�waste.

Module�2�-�ProperStorage�Of

Hazardous�Waste

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Module�2�-�Proper�Storage�Of�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 17

Hazardous�Waste�Storage

The�learning�objective�for�this�moduleincludes�determing�proper�storage�ofhazardous�waste.

When�selecting�a�container,�consider�the�amountand�characteristics�of�the�waste.

All�hazardous�wastes�should�be�handledand�stored�properly�to�minimizerisks�to�human�health,�safety,�and�theenvironment.�To�provide�safe�storageof�hazardous�waste,�allow�for�spillcontainment�in�case�of�an�accidental�spillsuch�as�overfilling.�Locate�containersaway�from�drains�to�reduce�the�likelihoodof�hazardous�materials�entering�stormdrain�or�sewer�systems�in�case�of�a�spill.

Keep�a�written�record�of�the�types�ofhazardous�wastes�that�are�stored�onthe�property�and�the�contents�of�eachcontainer.�Follow�the�limits�for�thequantities�of�hazardous�waste�that�canbe�stored�and�the�maximum�time�thematerials�can�be�stored�on�site.

Storage�containers�should�be�made�ofmaterials�appropriate�for�the�type�ofhazardous�waste�contained.�For�example,highly�corrosive�wastes�will�react�with�a

steel�drum,�causing�the�drum�to�fail.�Useplastic,�or�plastic-lined,�steel�drums�tosafely�store�corrosive�wastes.

Ensure�that�adequate�space�is�provided�betweenhazardous�waste�storage�containers�to�help�preventcross�contamination�of�incompatible�materials.

Keeping�containers�closed�except�whenbeing�filled�or�emptied�helps�to�preventspills,�evaporation,�contamination,�andto�reduce�exposure�or�the�release�offumes.

Providing�adequate�distance�betweencontainers�allows�safe�and�easy�accessto�each�container.�Additionally,�adequatedistance�between�containers�helps�toprevent�cross�contamination�and�chemicalreactions.�The�mixing�of�materials�fromtouching�containers�may�chemicallyreact.

Containers�holding�flammable�wasteshould�be�electrically�grounded�to�controlstatic�discharge.�Static�discharge�mayignite�fumes�/�fluids.�A�conductive�wireattached�to�the�hazardous�waste�containercan�be�used�to�redirect�current�away�fromthe�waste�area.

Module�2�-�Proper�Storage�Of�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 18

Spill�trays�can�be�used�to�providesecondary�containment�and�may�berequired�by�applicable�regulations.�Spilltrays�help�to:

• control�leaks�and�spills.• prevent�waste�from�entering�drainsand�storm�sewers.

• prevent�the�mixing�ofincompatible�materials.

Funnels�can�be�used�when�filling�hazardous�wastecontainers�to�help�prevent�leaks�and�spills.

Stationary�funnels�for�pouring�liquidmaterials�can�be�used�to�help�preventleaks�and�spills.�Stationary�funnels�shouldbe�screwed�into�the�access�opening�ofa�storage�drum,�have�a�closable�lid,�andhave�a�check�valve�to�prevent�the�escapeof�vapors.�If�funnels�are�used�on�a�drum,the�container�should�be�secured�in�amanner�to�prevent�the�loss�of�liquids�fromaccidental�overturning�of�the�container.For�example,�the�drum�may�be�chained�toa�wall�or�building�support�column.

To�avoid�cross�contamination�/�mixing�ofincompatible�materials,�do�not�use�thesame�funnel�for�all�wastes.�If�the�same

funnel�is�used�for�more�than�one�wastematerial,�it�should�be�rinsed�betweenuses.�The�rinse�water�may�have�to�behandled�as�hazardous�waste.

Clearly�label�“Empty”�on�all�empty�hazardousmaterial�drums.

Empty�drums�should�not�be�sold�or�givenaway�to�the�general�public�or�disposed�ofin�public�or�private�landfills.�They�shouldbe�returned�to�the�product�supplier�ifpossible.�Empty�drums�should�be�sealedand�stored�separate�from�containers�inuse.�Clearly�label�“Empty”�on�all�emptyhazardous�material�drums.

Store�used�lead-acid�batteries�separately�from�otherwastes.

Store�lead-acid�batteries�in�a�separateroom,�in�an�area�without�a�floor�drain,on�an�acid-resistant�floor,�and�on�pallets.Storing�batteries�on�pallets�makes�it�easier

Module�2�-�Proper�Storage�Of�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 19

to�see�if�the�batteries�are�leaking.�If�abattery�is�cracked�or�leaking,�store�it�in�anacid-resistant�container.

Inspect�stored�batteries�weekly,�anddocument�each�inspection.�Use�a�trade-in /�trade-out�policy�with�a�vendor�toavoid�improper�disposal�of�batteries.

Follow�applicable�regulations�for�construction�andlocation�of�hazardous�waste�storage�areas.

Hazardous�waste�storage�areas�may�belocated�indoors�or�outdoors.�Followlocal�building�and�fire�codes�regardingconstruction�and�location�of�storage�areas.Because�requirements�can�vary,�be�sure�tocheck�local�and�state�regulations.

Store�hazardous�materials�on�a�concretesurface�with�the�proper�spill�tray�orcontainment�curb.�Storage�areas�shouldbe�kept�away�from�drains�and�stormsewers.�Provide�protection�from�situationssuch�as�exposure�to�weather,�watercontamination,�or�the�possibility�of�beingdriven�into�by�a�vehicle.�Protect�fromexposure�to�sunlight�or�rain.

Hazardous�wastes�may�be�stored�inlocked�areas�to�prevent�vandalism.�A

surrounding�wall�or�fence�can�be�used�forsecurity.

Refer�to�“Video:�Proper�Handling�AndStorage�Of�Hazardous�Waste�”�in�thepresentation.�This�video�discussesconcepts�for�removing�spraybooth�filtersand�disposing�of�them�properly.

Required�Labeling

Clear�and�accurate�labeling�helps�prevent�handlingand�storage�mistakes.

Warning�labels�are�required�for�allhazardous�materials�in�the�workplacefor�products�used�and�stored,�andwaste�collected�and�stored.�Labelsshould�indicate�that�the�content�is"Hazardous�Waste,"�the�accumulationstart�date,�which�is�the�date�the�containercontents�were�first�added,�and�any�otherinformation�required�by�applicable

Module�2�-�Proper�Storage�Of�Hazardous�WasteTextbook

Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 20

regulations.�Waste�containers�should�beclearly�and�accurately�labeled�to�preventmixing�incompatible�materials�together.

Limit�access�to�the�storage�area�toauthorized,�trained�personnel.�Label�thehazardous�waste�area�for�“AuthorizedPersonnel�Only.”

Hazard�symbols�are�diamond�shaped�for�U.S.markets.

Hazard�symbols�on�product�labels�arein�picture�form�so�they�can�be�read�inany�language.�The�symbols�show�animmediate�hazard�warning�about�thecontents�of�the�container.

Each�of�these�symbols�represents�a�type�ofhazardous�material.�These�types�and�theirsymbols�include:

• compressed�gas�-�white�cylinder.• flammable�and�combustiblematerial�-�flame.

• oxidizing�material�-�flame�over�acircle.

• causes�immediate�and�serious(acute)�toxic�effects�-�skull�andcrossbones.

• causes�other�toxic�effects�-�theletter�“T”�with�a�dot�below�it.

• biohazard�-�four�overlappingcircles.

• corrosive�material�-�hand�andpiece�of�material�being�corrodedby�a�liquid.

• dangerously�reactive�material�-�theletter�“R”�with�a�test�tube�in�themiddle�of�it.

Separate�Waste�Materials

Hazardous�waste�must�be�stored�separatelyaccording�to�the�type�of�material.

Each�type�of�hazardous�waste�must�bestored�separately.�Separate�containers�arerequired�for:

• brake�fluid.• engine�and�similar�oils.• engine�coolant.• solvent-borne�waste.• waterborne�waste.• solid�waste,�such�as�emptycontainers�and�spraybooth�filters.

Hazardous�waste�must�be�storedseparately�from�containers�of�unusedmaterial.

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 21

Do�not�store�used�shop�towels�with�other�materials.

Do�not�store�incompatible�wastestogether.�Mixing�incompatible�materialsmay�result�in�dangerous�chemicalreactions.�For�example,�used�towels�orabsorbent�materials�may�chemically�reactor�spontaneously�combust�if�stored�withother�materials.

Refer�to�sources�such�as�the�productSDS,�waste�hauler,�or�recycling�center�forspecific�information�regarding�hazardouscombinations.�A�waste�may�be�consideredunsuitable�for�combining�with�anotherwaste�or�material�when�the�combinationmight�result�in:

• extreme�heat�or�pressuregeneration.

• fire,�explosion,�or�violent�reaction.• formation�of�substances�that�areshock�sensitive,�friction�sensitive,or�otherwise�have�the�potential�toreact�violently.

Hazardous�combinations�and�potentialconsequences�may�include:

• acid�+�oil or�grease�=�fire

• aluminum�powder�+�aluminumnitrate�=�explosion

• ammonia�+�bleach�=�toxic�gas• chlorine�gas�+�acetylene�=explosion

Module�Wrap-Up

The�topic�discussed�in�this�moduleincluded�proper�storage�of�hazardouswaste.

This�page�is�intentionally�left�blank.

Module�3�-�ProperDisposal�AndRecords�Of

Hazardous�Waste

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 25

Spills

Learning�objectives�for�this�moduleinclude:

• determining�proper�disposal�ofhazardous�waste.

• maintaining�proper�hazardouswaste�records.

Hazardous�waste�cleanup�can�include�smallparticulates�like�dust�or�shavings.

Improper�handling�and�/�or�storage�ofhazardous�waste�may�lead�to�leaks�orspills.�It�is�important�that�all�leaks�andspills�of�potentially�hazardous�materialsare�cleaned�up�and�disposed�of�properly.In�case�of�a�leak�or�spill:

• identify�the�material.• notify�others�in�the�area�that�maybe�affected.

• eliminate�any�flame�and�otherignition�sources.

• ventilate�the�area.• refer�to�the�SDS�for�safe�handlingprocedures.

• prevent�the�spill�from�reachingfloor�drains�and�/�or�storm�sewers.

• neutralize�the�spill�if�necessary.

• report�the�spill�to�the�appropriatemanager.

• document�the�incident�andmaintain�these�records.

On-site�employees�may�clean�up�a�leakor�spill�that�is�not�considered�dangerousand�is�containable.�Considerations�whendetermining�whether�on-site�employeescan�safely�handle�a�spill�include:

• the�size�of�spill.• personal�protective�equipmentavailable.

• the�type�and�amount�ofneutralizers�/�absorbent�materialand�containment�equipmentavailable.

• properly�trained�personnel.

Emergency�spill�kits�should�be�available�in�case�ofaccidental�leaks�/�spills.

Keep�emergency�spill�kits�in�areas�wherethere�is�potential�for�spills.�Spill�control�kititems�may�include:

• personal�protective�equipment.• cleaning�agents�and�equipment.• containment�socks�or�berms.

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 26

• absorbents.• neutralizers.• heavy-duty�garbage�bags.• SDS.

Absorbents�may�include�materials�suchas:

• absorbent�clay,�used�for�oil,grease,�and�hydraulic�fluid-typespills.

• granular�charcoal�used�for�solventtype�spills.

• diatomite�or�diatomaceous�earth;natural,�microscopic�diatom�shellsused�for�absorbing�acids�andbases.

Neutralizers�may�include�materials�suchas:

• baking�soda�which�is used�forneutralizing�most�acids.

• citric�acid�which�is used�forneutralizing�bases.

It�is�important�that�personnel�followemergency�spill�cleanup�procedures�whenusing�absorbent�or�neutralizing�materials.Rapid�degradation�or�volatile�reactionscan�occur�if�incompatible�materials�arecombined.

Knowing�where�all�emergency�exits�are�located�willaid�in�a�quick�evacuation�during�a�dangerous�hazardemergency.

When�dealing�with�a�non-containable�orextremely�dangerous�spill:

• evacuate�the�building.• call�emergency�personnel.• notify�others�in�the�area�that�maybe�affected.

• provide�SDS�to�responders.

Written�procedures�provide�guidelines�to�follow�incase�of�emergencies.

Develop�written�emergency�proceduresto�respond�to�emergency�situations.Establishing�written�procedures�forhazardous�waste�emergencies�canreduce�the�impact�if�a�leak,�spill,�fire,�or

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 27

explosion�occurs.�EPA�guidelines�state�thatif�an�automotive�repair�facility�is�a�largequantity�generator,�it�must�have�a�writtencontingency�plan�that�includes:

• instructions�on�what�to�do�inthe�event�of�a�fire,�explosion,�orrelease.

• arrangements�agreed�to�by�localpolice�and�fire�departments,hospitals,�and�state�and�localemergency�response�teams�toprovide�emergency�services.

• contact�information�for�all�personsqualified�to�act�as�an�emergencycoordinator.

• locations�of�all�emergencyequipment�at�the�facility.

• evacuation�plans.

Although�a�written�contingency�plan�isnot�federally�required�for�small�quantitygenerators�or�conditionally-exemptgenerators,�it�is�strongly�recommended.It�is�also�important�to�check�with�thestate�and�local�authorities�for�anyadditional�contingency�plan�or�emergencypreparedness�requirements.

Provide�training�for�emergency�responseprocedures,�including�regularly�scheduledrefresher�training.

Disposal�Of�Waste

Some�potentially�hazardous�waste�materials�may�bereused�on-site,�such�as�engine�coolant.

All�hazardous�waste�must�be�safely�storedon�site�until�it�is�disposed�of�permanently.Permanent�disposal�methods�include:

• on-site�treatment.• shipment�to�a�commercialtreatment,�storage,�or�disposalfacility.

• shipment�to�a�recycling�facility.

Proper�recycling�or�disposal�of�hazardouswaste�is�important�to�ensure�personalhealth�and�safety,�and�environmentalprotection.�Proper�disposal�of�hazardouswaste�may�be�determined�by�localregulations.�Referring�to�an�SDS�may�helpdetermine�proper�disposal�of�a�wastematerial.

Hazardous�waste�must�be�transportedoff-site�for�recycling�or�disposal�by�aregistered�waste�hauler�to�an�approveddisposal�or�recycling�facility.�Materialshipped�to�licensed�recycling,�treatment,and�disposal�plants�may�include:

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Hazardous�Material�Storage�and�Disposal 28

• coolant.• transmission�fluid.• brake�fluid.• oil.• tires.• lead-acid�batteries.

Some�materials�may�be�treated�or�reusedon-site,�for�example,�using:

• a�solvent�recycler.• a�coolant�recycler.• a�special�furnace�to�burn�used�oil.• cloth�towels�that�can�be�cleanedand�reused.�Use�an�industriallaundry�service�to�clean�thetowels.

Proper�disposal�requires�using�theappropriate�personal�protectiveequipment�to�ensure�protection�fromhazards�such�as:

• fumes.• eye�contact.• skin�contact.

Knowing�the�materials�and�processes�that�generatewaste�helps�determine�which�materials�can�bereused,�recycled,�or�eliminated.

Reducing�hazardous�waste�begins�bybeing�aware�of�the�waste�that�is�generatedin�the�workplace.�Knowing�the�materialsand�processes�that�generate�wasteare�important�first�steps�to�establish�ahazardous�waste�reduction�program.

Develop�plans�and�implement�changesthat�will�result�in�waste�reduction.�Forexample,�proper�labeling�and�storagecan�help�ensure�that�materials�are�usedin�a�timely�manner.�This�can�help�reducewaste�that�results�from�a�product�reachingits�expiration�date.�Using�non-toxicmaterials�whenever�possible�is�anotherway�to�reduce�hazardous�waste.

Reducing�hazardous�waste�in�theworkplace�can�help�provide�a�safe�andhealthy�work�environment.�Reducinghazardous�waste�may�also�help�ineconomical�benefits.

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Record�Keeping

Maintain�hazardous�waste�documentation.

Keep�all�records�for�the�amount�oftime�required�by�applicable�laws�andregulations.�Many�regulations�requirekeeping�records�for�at�least�three�years.Requirements�can�vary,�so�be�sure�tocheck�local�and�state�requirements.Records�may�include:

• inventory�lists.• waste�production.• inspections.• lab�results.• shipping�manifests.�A�manifest�isdefined�as�a�list�or�record�of�thecargo�being�transported.

Hazardous�waste�storage�areas�and�containersshould�be�inspected�weekly�to�ensure�no�problemsexist.

Develop�a�written�inspection�procedureand�schedule�for�inspections�of�allhazardous�waste�storage�areas.�Performweekly�inspections�looking�for�expirationdates,�leaks,�spills,�damaged�containers,and�other�hazardous�conditions.

Inspect�hazardous�wastes�to�ensure�properlocation�and�placement,�condition�ofcontainers,�quantity�limits,�and�/�or�timelimits.�Correct�any�problems�as�quicklyas�possible.�Document�inspections�andany�corrective�actions�taken,�and�maintainthese�records.

Provide�generation-to-disposal�trackinginformation,�which�includes:

• type�and�volume�of�material.• all�parties�involved,�such�as�thewaste�generator,�waste�hauler,�andtreatment�or�disposal�site.

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Maintain�files�of�hazardous�waste�documentation�fortracking�information.

For�small�quantity�generators�and�largequantity�generators�that�ship�hazardouswaste�off-site,�a�Uniform�HazardousWaste�Manifest�must�accompany�eachhazardous�waste�shipment.

Current�Uniform�Hazardous�WasteManifest�forms�may�be�available�froma�hazardous�waste�hauler.�The�manifestdocuments�the�shipment�type,�quantity,origin,�and�destination.

Shipping�manifests�must�be�kept�for�threeyears.

Conditionally-exempt�generator�facilitiesare�not�required�to�use�hazardous�wasteshipment�manifests.

Module�Wrap-Up

Topics�discussed�in�this�moduleincluded:

• proper�disposal�of�hazardouswaste.

• proper�hazardous�waste�records.