matlab the language of technical computing mr. d. suresh assistant professor, dept. of cse, psna...
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Matlab The language of Technical computing
Mr. D. Suresh Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CSE, PSNA CET, Dindigul
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What is Matlab? Matlab is basically a high level language
which has many specialized toolboxes for making things easier for us
How high?
Assembly
High Level Languages such as
C, Pascal etc.
Matlab
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Mat lab Intro Contd….
The name MATLAB stands for MATrix LABoratory.
MATLAB was written originally to provide easy access to matrix software
developed by the LINPACK (linear system package) and EISPACK (Eigen system package) projects.
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Matlab Screen Command Window
type commands
Current Directory View folders and m-files
Workspace View program variables Double click on a variable
to see it in the Array Editor
Command History view past commands save a whole session
using diary
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Variables No need for types. i.e.,
All variables are created with double precision unless specified and they are matrices.
After these statements, the variables are 1x1 matrices with double precision
int a;double b;float c;
Example:>>x=5;>>x1=2;
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Array, Matrix a vector x = [1 2 5 1]
x = 1 2 5 1
a matrix y = [1 2 3; 5 1 4; 3 2 -1]
y = 1 2 3 5 1 4 3 2 -1
transpose z = xt z = 1
2 5
1
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Long Array, Matrix
t =1:10
t = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 k =2:-0.5:-1
k = 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1
B = [1:4; 5:8]
x = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Generating Vectors from functions zeros(M,N) MxN matrix of zeros
ones(M,N) MxN matrix of ones
x = zeros(1,3)
x =
0 0 0
x = ones(1,3)
x =
1 1 1
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Matrix Index The matrix indices begin from 1 (not 0 (as in C)) The matrix indices must be positive integer
Given:
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Concatenation of Matrices
x = [1 2], y = [4 5], z=[ 0 0]
A = [ x y]
1 2 4 5
B = [x ; y]
1 2
4 5
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Operators (arithmetic)
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
^ power
` transpose
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Matrices Operations
Given A and B:
Addition Subtraction Product Transpose
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Operators (Element by Element)
.* element-by-element multiplication
./ element-by-element division
.^ element-by-element power
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The use of “.” – “Element” OperationA = [1 2 3; 5 1 4; 3 2 -1]
A = 1 2 3 5 1 4 3 2 -1
y = A(: ,3)
y= 3 4 -1
b = x .* y
b= 3 8 -3
c = x . / y
c= 0.33 0.5 -3
d = x .^2
d= 1 4 9
x = A(1,:)
x= 1 2 3
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Display Facilities
title(.)
xlabel(.)
ylabel(.)
>>title(‘This is the sinus function’)
>>xlabel(‘x (secs)’)
>>ylabel(‘sin(x)’)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1This is the sinus function
x (secs)
sin(
x)
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Operators (relational, logical)
== Equal to ~= Not equal to < Strictly smaller > Strictly greater <= Smaller than or equal to >= Greater than equal to & And operator | Or operator
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Flow Control
if for while break ….
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Control Structures
If Statement Syntax
if (Condition_1)Matlab Commands
elseif (Condition_2)Matlab Commands
elseif (Condition_3)Matlab Commands
elseMatlab Commands
end
Some Dummy Examples
if ((a>3) & (b==5)) Some Matlab Commands;end
if (a<3) Some Matlab Commands;elseif (b~=5) Some Matlab Commands;end
if (a<3) Some Matlab Commands;else Some Matlab Commands;end
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Control Structures
For loop syntax
for i=Index_Array
Matlab Commands
end
Some Dummy Examples
for i=1:100 Some Matlab Commands;end
for j=1:3:200 Some Matlab Commands;end
for m=13:-0.2:-21 Some Matlab Commands;end
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Control Structures
While Loop Syntax
while (condition)
Matlab Commands
end
Dummy Example
while ((a>3) & (b==5)) Some Matlab Commands;end
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Creating simple plots
>> x = [1 2 3 4 5 6]; >> y = [3 -1 2 4 5 1]; >> plot(x,y)
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Managing the workspace
>> clear
The command clear or clear all removes all variables from the workspace. This frees up system memory.
>> who
while, whos will give more details which include size, space allocation, and class of the variables.
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Deleting row or column
To delete a row or column of a matrix, use the empty vector operator, [ ].
>> A(3,:) = []
To determine the dimensions of a matrix or vector, use the command size. For example,
>> size(A)
ans =
3 3
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Use of M-File
Click to create a new M-File
• Extension “.m” • A text file containing script or function or program to run
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Notes: “%” is the neglect sign for Matlab (equivalent
of “//” in C). Anything after it on the same line is neglected by Matlab compiler.
Sometimes slowing down the execution is done deliberately for observation purposes. You can use the command “pause” for this purpose
pause %wait until any keypause(3) %wait 3 seconds
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Useful Commands
The two commands used most by Matlab
users are
>>help functionname
>>lookfor keyword
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Matlab Tools
Simulink Bioinformatics Toolbox Communications Blockset
Communications Toolbox
Control System Toolbox
Curve Fitting Toolbox
Data Acquisition Toolbox
Database Toolbox Embedded IDE Link CC
Filter Design Toolbox Financial Toolbox Fixed-Point Toolbox
Fuzzy Logic Toolbox Image Acquisition Toolbox
Image Processing Toolbox
Instrument Control Toolbox
Neural Network Toolbox
Optimization Toolbox
Parallel Computing Toolbox
Signal Processing Toolbox
Statistics Toolbox
System Identification Toolbox
Wavelet Toolbox Robust Control Toolbox
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Image Processing ToolboxRead an Image:
I = imread('pout.tif')
Display an image:
imshow(I)
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Image Processing Toolbox – cond…Write the Image to a Disk File
imwrite (I1, 'pout2.png')
Check the Contents File
imfinfo('pout2.png‘) (Filename,FileModDate,
FileSize,Format:'png‘,FormatVersion Width, Height, BitDepth,ColorType)
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Image Processing Toolbox -cond…Adjusts the contrast in the image
imadjust( Name)
Create a Binary Version of the Image
im2bw - to convert the grayscale image into a binary image by using thresholding.
graythresh automatically computes an appropriate threshold to use to convert the grayscale image to binary.
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Image Processing Toolbox – cond…Resize an Image
imresize(I,1.25) -specify the image to be resized and the magnification factor.
Rotating an Image
imrotate(I,35,'bilinear')
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Image Processing Toolbox – cond…imtool
imtool(I,[low high]) displays the grayscale image I in the Image Viewer,low is displayed as black, high is displayed as white.
Imcrop
imcrop(I)
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Image Processing Toolbox – cond…Imnoise
imnoise(I,type)Ex: imnoise(Image,salt &pepper)
I specify Image ,type specify types of noises.
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Image Processing Toolbox – cond…Image Quality
1.Immse (Mean-squared error)
It calculate in noisy image
2. psnr (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio)
3. ssim
Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) for measuring image quality
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Thank You…