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Table 1. Discussion Matrix on the Five Building Blocks of Innovation

Building Block Description Obstacles

SituationsBureaucratic Political Environmental

1. InformationTechnology

Ingenious applications devised by

middle managers ith technicalbackgrounds ho sa opportunities ofhich politicians and agency headsere unaare

!egative attitudestoard IT

Inade"uate resources i.e.up#to#date computers$internet service provider

IT vieed as bothcumbersome and unreliable

Inventory

%.g. databases$ intranet$ internet$information systems

Technology#based Technological capacityof people

&as and regulations onbudget allocation forcapacity building andprocurement of e"uipment

'ompetition ith the privatesector service providers

(. )ystems*pproach

can occur through formal partnerships +

programmes but also ider inter#organi,ational arrangements.

-nelcoming attitudetoards innovationsfrom other organi,ation

Incompetence of otherorgani,ation

hether technology ill thendrive organi,ational structureand lead to reorgani,ation

/oad idening

0. rocessImprovement

Designed to make governmental

processes faster$ friendlier$ or moreaccessible

)tuck in traditionalprocesses

2udicial process isexpensive$ adversarial$ andtime consuming

Doubts of the target to theeffectiveness of the process

Business

permit

3. rivate)ector+!45s

Includes initiatives opening up some

public sector activities$ such asmunicipal services or military supply$ toprivate sector competition

artnership entailing private sector

delivery$ particularly in the area of

technology -se of voluntary or non#government

organi,ations for program delivery

Involvement of individual volunteers in

public sector programs

Difficulty incoordinating ith thedifferent organi,ationsinvolve due to theiron due processes

'ertain program or pro6ectis being politici,ed by thepolitical personalityinvolved7 pro6ect is beingcarried in the name of thepolitical personality as form

of marketing

5pposition by the privatesector interests ith theprogram being established$that as a result of theinnovation$ ould be forced tocompete ith the public

sector

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Building Block Description Obstacles

SituationsBureaucratic Political Environmental

8. %mpoerment 'onsulting ith the communities$

citi,ens or staff in policy implementation

Inviting them to play a role in policy

implementation

)taff empoerment involves

encouraging frontline staff to takeinitiatives for change and shoinggreater tolerance for risk taking

The 9ne management philosophy:

encompasses initiatives such asparticipatory management$ continuousimprovement and restructuring

Difficulty in maintainingthe enthusiasm of theprogram staff due tooppositions theprogram mayencompass and iththe hostile or skepticalattitudes of the key

players

olitical opposition ;thetarget group may not bepro ith the personalitiesinvolved

Difficulty reaching theprogram