MATTER• Matter is anything that

takes up space and has mass

• Four states of mattero Solido Liquido Gaso Plasma

Atoms and Molecules

• An atom is the smallest particle that makes up matter.

• When two or more atoms combine they form a molecule.

Kinetic Theory of Matter(Write on the back of your notes)

• Particles of matter are in constant, random motion.

• Kinetic means “heat”• The higher the temperature, the faster the

particles are moving.• Molecules in a solid move slower than

molecules in a liquid, which move slower than gas molecules.

solids

• A solid is an arrangement of shaking molecules that are close together and attracted to each other.

• The shaking varies depending on the temperature of the particles.

Solids- Crystalline• Solids whose atoms

are arranged in repeating patterns create crystals.

• Table salt and diamonds are crystalline solids

solids - Noncrystalline

• Noncrystalline solids are made of large molecules that don’t arrange into repeating patterns.

• Random arrangements

• Glass and plastic are examples

Absolute Zero

• The temperature at which particles of a solid would cease to move is called absolute zero. -273.15 0C

Liquid

• As a solid is heated, the molecules begin to shake faster, but still attract to the molecules around it.

• When the molecules shake so much, they begin to break free, collapsing the crystal structure.

• The solid becomes free flowing molecules—a liquid.

Phases of Matter

Melting point• The temperature at which a

substance changes from a solid to a liquid is called the melting point or HEAT OF FUSION.

• The temperature doesn’t change during the melting stage.

• Noncrystalline solids don’t turn to a liquid, they melt by softening. Example: GLASS

Freezing Point• As a liquid cools, its molecules

slow down and come closer together where attractive forces begin to form.

• When crystals begin to form, this is called the freezing point.

• It is the same temperature as the melting point.

• This temperature stays the same until the liquid has become a solid, then the temperature begins to fall.

Viscosity• Viscosity is a material’s resistance

to flow.• As the temperature decreases

(gets colder), the viscosity increases – the material gets thicker.

• Some materials, such as glass will become so thick they will harden and become brittle.

• Noncrystalline substances don’t have a definite melting or freezing point.

Plasma• The fourth State of

Matter• Plasma is created

when the electrons are pulled off an atom.

• Happens in a nuclear reaction like the sun, or high powered electrical discharges like lightening, neon light.