matter and atomic structure chap. 3 what are elements? how atoms combine states of matter states of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Matter and Matter and Atomic StructureAtomic Structure
Chap. 3Chap. 3Chap. 3Chap. 3
• What are elements?• How atoms combine• States of matter
![Page 2: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What makes a What makes a gold atom gold atom different from a different from a silver atom?silver atom?
What makes a What makes a gold atom gold atom different from a different from a silver atom?silver atom?
![Page 3: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What are elements? – 3.1ObjectivesObjectives• Describe the particles within atoms and the structure of atoms• Relate the energy levels of atoms to the chemical properties of elements•Define the concept of isotopes
![Page 4: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I.I. ElementElement
![Page 5: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Element Element
Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.
Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.
![Page 6: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
I.I. ElementElement
A.A. Element namesElement names
Carbon
C12.011
6
![Page 7: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
I.I. ElementElement
A.A. Element namesElement names
B.B. Element symbolsElement symbols
Carbon
C12.011
6
![Page 8: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
I.I. ElementElement
A.A. Element namesElement names
B.B. Element symbolsElement symbols
C.C. Elements are made of Elements are made of atomsatoms
![Page 9: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
![Page 10: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Atom Atom
Smallest particle of an element.Smallest particle of an element.
![Page 11: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
![Page 12: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
1.1. ProtonsProtons
![Page 13: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
1.1. ProtonsProtons
2.2. NeutronsNeutrons
![Page 14: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
1.1. ProtonsProtons
2.2. NeutronsNeutronsnucleus
![Page 15: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
1.1. ProtonsProtons
2.2. NeutronsNeutrons
3.3. ElectronsElectrons
![Page 16: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
B.B. Atomic numberAtomic number
![Page 17: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
proton
neutron
Atomic number Atomic number
Number of protons.Number of protons.
![Page 18: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
proton
neutron
Atomic number Atomic number
Number of protons.Number of protons.
5
![Page 19: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
A.A. Composed of 3 particlesComposed of 3 particles
B.B. Atomic numberAtomic number
C.C. Mass numberMass number
![Page 20: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
proton
neutron
Mass number Mass number
Sum of the number of protons and neutronsSum of the number of protons and neutrons
![Page 21: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
proton
neutron
Mass number Mass number
Sum of the number of protons and neutronsSum of the number of protons and neutrons
11
![Page 22: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
II.II. AtomsAtoms
D.D. Electrons in Energy LevelsElectrons in Energy Levels
![Page 23: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Electron Energy LevelsElectron Energy Levels
Energy levelEnergy level Electron CapacityElectron Capacity
First First 22
SecondSecond 88
ThirdThird 1818
FourthFourth 3232
![Page 24: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Model of OxygenModel of Oxygen
![Page 25: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Self Check – Ex. 1Self Check – Ex. 1
Draw a model of the Draw a model of the lithium-7 atom. Include lithium-7 atom. Include protons, neutrons, and protons, neutrons, and electrons.electrons.
![Page 26: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Self Check – Ex. 2Self Check – Ex. 2
Draw a model of the Draw a model of the chlorine-35 atom. Include chlorine-35 atom. Include protons, neutrons, and protons, neutrons, and electrons.electrons.
![Page 27: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1.1. Core electronsCore electrons
II.II. AtomsAtoms
D.D. Electrons in Energy LevelsElectrons in Energy Levels
![Page 28: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1.1. Core electronsCore electrons
2.2. Valence electronsValence electrons
II.II. AtomsAtoms
D.D. Electrons in Energy LevelsElectrons in Energy Levels
![Page 29: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Valence electronValence electron
Outermost electron found in a shell.Outermost electron found in a shell.
![Page 30: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
III.III. IsotopesIsotopes
![Page 31: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
IsotopesIsotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
![Page 32: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
III.III. IsotopesIsotopes
A.A. Isotopes have different Isotopes have different massesmasses
![Page 33: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
III.III. IsotopesIsotopes
A.A. Isotopes have different Isotopes have different massesmasses
B.B. Nature contains a variety Nature contains a variety of isotopesof isotopes
![Page 34: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
III.III. IsotopesIsotopes
A.A. Isotopes have different Isotopes have different massesmasses
B.B. Nature contains a variety Nature contains a variety of isotopesof isotopes
C.C. Isotopes used to find Isotopes used to find atomic mass of elementatomic mass of element
![Page 35: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Atomic massAtomic mass
The average of the masses of each isotope present for a give element.
The average of the masses of each isotope present for a give element.
![Page 36: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
III.III. IsotopesIsotopes
D.D. RadioactivityRadioactivity
![Page 37: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
RadioactivityRadioactivity
The spontaneous decay of an atom’s nucleus into a new nucleus.
The spontaneous decay of an atom’s nucleus into a new nucleus.
![Page 38: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
IV.IV. AbundanceAbundance
A.A. In UniverseIn Universe
![Page 39: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Abundance in UniverseAbundance in Universe
![Page 40: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
IV.IV. AbundanceAbundance
A.A. In UniverseIn Universe
B.B. In Earth’s crustIn Earth’s crust
![Page 41: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Abundance in Earth’s CrustAbundance in Earth’s Crust
![Page 42: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The End
![Page 43: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
How atoms combine – 3.2ObjectivesObjectives• Describe the chemical bonds that unit atoms to form compounds• Relate the nature of chemical bonds that hold compounds together to the physical structures of compounds•Distinguish between different types of mixtures and solutions
![Page 44: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompounds
![Page 45: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Compound Compound
More than one element chemically combined.More than one element chemically combined.
![Page 46: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsA.A. Covalent compounds Covalent compounds
share electronsshare electrons
![Page 47: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsA.A. Covalent compounds Covalent compounds
share electronsshare electrons
1.1. Sharing electrons helps atoms Sharing electrons helps atoms get full electron setget full electron set
![Page 48: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsA.A. Covalent compounds Covalent compounds
shareshare electrons electrons
1.1. Sharing electrons helps atoms Sharing electrons helps atoms get full electron setget full electron set
2.2. Sharing may not be equal: this Sharing may not be equal: this makes polar moleculesmakes polar molecules
![Page 49: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsB.B. Ionic compounds Ionic compounds transfertransfer
electronselectrons
![Page 50: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsB.B. Ionic compounds transfer Ionic compounds transfer
electronselectrons
1.1. When an atom gains an When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______electron it becomes _______
![Page 51: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsB.B. Ionic compounds transfer Ionic compounds transfer
electronselectrons
1.1. When an atom gains an When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______electron it becomes _______
2.2. When an atoms loses an When an atoms loses an electron it becomes _______electron it becomes _______
![Page 52: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
IonIon
An atom that has gained or lost an electron.An atom that has gained or lost an electron.
![Page 53: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsB.B. Ionic compounds transfer Ionic compounds transfer
electronselectrons
1.1. When an atom gains an When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______electron it becomes _______
2.2. When an atoms loses an When an atoms loses an electron it becomes _______electron it becomes _______
3.3. Opposites _______Opposites _______
![Page 54: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
I.I. CompoundsCompoundsC.C. Metallic bonds have a ‘sea Metallic bonds have a ‘sea
of electrons'of electrons'
![Page 55: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
II.II. ReactionsReactions
![Page 56: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
II.II. ReactionsReactionsA.A. Bonds are broken and Bonds are broken and
reformedreformed
![Page 57: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
II.II. ReactionsReactionsA.A. Bonds are broken and Bonds are broken and
reformedreformed
B.B. New substances are New substances are formedformed
![Page 58: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
II.II. ReactionsReactionsA.A. Bonds are broken and Bonds are broken and
reformedreformed
B.B. New substances are New substances are formedformed
C.C. Energy is exchangedEnergy is exchanged
![Page 59: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
III.III. MixturesMixtures
![Page 60: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
III.III. MixturesMixturesA.A. Most mixtures are Most mixtures are
heterogeneousheterogeneous
![Page 61: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
HeterogeneousHeterogeneous
A mixture with visibly different parts.A mixture with visibly different parts.
![Page 62: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
III.III. MixturesMixturesA.A. Most mixtures are Most mixtures are
heterogeneousheterogeneous
B.B. Mixtures that are Mixtures that are homogeneous are called homogeneous are called solutionssolutions
![Page 63: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
HomogeneousHomogeneous
A mixture with the same makeup throughout.A mixture with the same makeup throughout.
![Page 64: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
IV.IV. Acids & BasesAcids & Bases
![Page 65: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
IV.IV. Acids & BasesAcids & BasesA.A. An acid makes HAn acid makes H++ ions ions
![Page 66: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
IV.IV. Acids & BasesAcids & BasesA.A. An acid makes HAn acid makes H++ ions ions
B.B. A base produces OHA base produces OH-- ions ions
![Page 67: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
IV.IV. Acids & BasesAcids & BasesA.A. An acid makes HAn acid makes H++ ions ions
B.B. A base produces OHA base produces OH-- ions ions
C.C. The pH scale tells how The pH scale tells how acidic/basic something isacidic/basic something is
![Page 68: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
The pH ScaleThe pH Scale
acidic basicneutral0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 14
![Page 69: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The End
![Page 70: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
States of Matter – 3.3
ObjectivesObjectives•Describe the states of matter on Earth• Explain the reasons that matter exists in these states• Relate the role of thermal energy to changes of state in matter
![Page 71: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of Matter
![Page 72: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid
![Page 73: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid1.1. solids with regular structure solids with regular structure
are described as are described as crystalline.crystalline.
![Page 74: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid1.1. solids with regular structure solids with regular structure
are described as are described as crystalline.crystalline.
2.2. in some solids there is no in some solids there is no organized pattern. These are organized pattern. These are amorphous.amorphous.
![Page 75: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid
B.B. LiquidLiquid
![Page 76: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid
B.B. LiquidLiquid
C.C. GasGas
![Page 77: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid
B.B. LiquidLiquid
C.C. GasGas1.1. gases have undergone gases have undergone
vaporization or sublimationvaporization or sublimation
![Page 78: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
EvaporationEvaporation
Changing from liquid to vaporChanging from liquid to vapor
![Page 79: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
SublimationSublimation
Changing from solid to vaporChanging from solid to vapor
![Page 80: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid
B.B. LiquidLiquid
C.C. GasGas1.1. gases have undergone gases have undergone
vaporization or sublimationvaporization or sublimation
2.2. gas particles are separated by gas particles are separated by large distanceslarge distances
![Page 81: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
I.I. The Four Phases of MatterThe Four Phases of MatterA.A. SolidSolid
B.B. LiquidLiquid
C.C. GasGas
D.D. PlasmaPlasma
![Page 82: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
PlasmaPlasma
Hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gas.
Hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gas.
![Page 83: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
II.II. Changes in StateChanges in State
![Page 84: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
II.II. Changes in StateChanges in StateA.A. When a liquid changes to When a liquid changes to
a gas, heat is _______.a gas, heat is _______.
![Page 85: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
II.II. Changes in StateChanges in StateA.A. When a liquid changes to When a liquid changes to
a gas, heat is _______.a gas, heat is _______.
B.B. When a gas changes to a When a gas changes to a liquid, heat is _______.liquid, heat is _______.
![Page 86: Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f445503460f94c65670/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
The End