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Chemistry
Matter and Material
Grade 10 Physical Science2018
Mrs. Harrison • Matter and Classification
• CAPS Physical Science Gr. 10-12
• docScientia 2015
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MATTER AND MATERIALRefer to table of contents
• Macroscopic properties of matter
• Phases of matter and the kinetic molecular theory
• The atom
• Periodic table
• Matter is composed of particles
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Unit 1MACROSCOPIC
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
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What is matter?
Everything that has mass and takes up space.
Consists of 3 states Made of elementsfrom Periodic Table
TB. pg 13
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properties of matter
1 2
macroscopic microscopic
Properties of matter are determined by its
composition
Why is steel used in construction?
Why is rubber used in wetsuits?
Why are some handles of pots made out of wood or
rubber?
1. Strength
2. Conductivity
3. Magnetic or non-
magnetic
4. Brittle, malleable,
ductile
5. Density
6. Melting or boiling
points
TB. pg 14
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MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1. Mixtures
Definition
Types
Examples
• A combination of two or more substances which have not reacted chemically and can be separated by a mechanical/physical process.
• Homogenous
• A mixture which is the same throughout (uniform) all constituents are in the same phase.
• Heterogeneous
• A mixture which is of variable composition (non-uniform) the components of the solution are not in the same phase.
• Air
• Orange Juice
• Steel
• Salad dressing
TB. pg 18
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MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
2. Pure Substances
Composed of only one type of particle.
elements compounds
• Consists of only 1 type of atom
• Cannot be broken down
further into simpler substances
• Consists of 2 or more types of
atoms that are chemically
bonded.
• Can be broken down into
simpler substances
TB. pg 20
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mixture
• Consists of different elements
or compounds
TB. pg 20
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COMPARISON
PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURE
Elements Compounds
Only 1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded
Different elements and or compounds
cannot be broken down into simpler substance
Can be broken down into simpler particles (chemical
means)
Can be separated mechanically (physical means)
Smallest particle – ATOM, diatomic molecule or + ion
Smallest particle MOLECULE (covalent) or ION (ionic)
Particles according to the composition
TB. pg 20
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ACTIVITY 2page 21
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WHAT WE’VE LEARNT SO FAR
Matter
Pure Substances
ElementsCompounds
Mixtures
HeterogenousHomogenous
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All matter is made up of that can be
found in the Periodic Table
MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
3. Names and formulae of substances
TB. pg 23
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ELEMENTS
metals metalliods Non-metals
• Left • adjacent • right
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𝐻2𝑂𝐶𝑙2𝑁𝑂3𝐻2𝑆𝑂4
𝑀𝑔(𝑂𝐻)2𝑁𝑎2𝑆𝑂4𝐶𝐻4
draw these compounds
in your book.
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The difference between an atom and
an ion
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•NEUTRAL
•Protons = electrons
++
+
--
- +
-+
+
-
- --
+
+
-
+ --
++
+
•CHARGED
•Protons ≠ electrons
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Rules to naming compounds
1. Elements on left, named first.
Na+Cl = NaCl H + F = HF Be+Cl = BeCl
2. Names of elements on right, change to ” –ide”
Sodium Chloride Hydrogen Floride Berrylium Chloride
3. Greek prefixes show the number of atoms of the element
CO = carbon monoxide𝐶02 = 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
“Mono” = 1 “Di’=2 “Tri”=3.
4. Common names.
HCL = hydrogen chloride = “hydrochloric acid
NaCl – Sodium chloride = “Table salt.”
5. Ratios
TB. pg 24
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5. Ratios
𝑯𝟐𝑶 𝑵𝒂𝟐𝑺𝑶𝟑
𝑴𝒈(𝑵𝑶𝟑)𝟐
TB. pg 25
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Examples from the Periodic
Table
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+1
+2 +3
+-4
-3
-2
-1
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Sometimes, compounds
are charged too!!
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Page 26STUDY WORK
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Writing formula
Remember cross multiplication?
Write the name of the following compounds formed:
𝐾+ + 0𝐻− = 𝐾𝑂𝐻
𝐾+ + 𝑆𝑂42− = 𝐾2𝑆𝑂4
𝑁𝐻4− + 𝐶𝑂3
2− = (𝑁𝐻4)2𝐶𝑂3
TB. pg 27
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𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑆𝑂42−
formula name
𝐿𝑖+ + 𝐵𝑟−
𝐶𝑎2+ + 𝐶𝑂32−
TB. pg 27
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Page 28STUDY WORK
Exercise 1 pg. 29-31
HOMEWORK
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MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
4. Properties of materials: Electrical conductors and insulators• Conducting an experiment 1
What can we conclude?
Non-metals do not conduct electricity
(except carbon)
Non-metals are therefore insulators.
Use: electrical equipment
Metals are good conductors
(metallic bonding)
Use: Computers and other
electrical equipmentMetalloids are semi-
conductors, if their temp is raised,
their conducting ability increases
Use: protect against dangers of
electrical equipment. TB. pg 32
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MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
4. Thermal conductors and Insulators
• Conducting an experiment 2
What can we conclude?
Thermal ConductorsCopper, aluminium and
silver
Thermal InsulatorsPlastic
TB. pg 38
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MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
5. Magnetic and Non-magnetic materials
• Conducting an experiment 3
What can we conclude?
Fe, Ni and Co are good magnetic materials
• Good magnetic materials are called ferromagnetic
Cu, Al and Zn are examples of non magnetic
materials
Ferromagnetic materials are often mixed with other non-magnetic
materialsExample:
1. Magnetic ceramic (mixture of iron and metal oxides) –used
mainly as fridge magnets
2. Alnico (mixture of aluminium, nickel and cobolt) – used mainly in
load speakers
3. Steel (mixture of iron and carbon)
TB. pg 39
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Soft Magnetic Material Hard Magnetic Materials
Materials that are easily magnetised,
but lose there magnetism easily
Eg) Iron
Materials which take a long time to
become magnetised, but retain it for a long time
Eg) Steel
Uses: Temporary magnets like
electromagnets
Used in permanent magnets and in
compasses
Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into two groups:
Storing permanent magnets:• Room temperature• Pairs of N and S• Do not drop
Exercise 2 pg. 41-42
HOMEWORK
TB. pg 40
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Summary on Matter and
Materials PAGE 43 AND 44
HOMEWORK
Matter and Materials
INFORMAL CLASS TEST
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Test Examples