matter chapter 2 2.1 what is chemistry? matter – how it changes – chemistry is the study of ____...
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MATTER
CHAPTER 2
2.1 WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
• MATTER–
–
–
• HOW IT CHANGES–
–
–
• Chemistry is the study of ____ and how it ___.• Make list of some things that are matter and another
list of how it may change.
2.1 WHAT IS MATTER?MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS ____
AND OCCUPIES _____.Make a list of things that are matter and
things that are not matter.MATTER NOT MATTER
1. 1.2. 2. 3. 3.
THE SMALLEST UNITS OF MATTER ARE:
ELEMENTS – contain only one kind of ATOM…
The smallest part of an element is an ATOM.
COMPOUNDS – contain atoms of more than one kind of element….
The smallest part of a compound is a MOLECULE .
ELEMENT is to ATOM as ____ is to MOLECULE!!
PURE SUBSTANCE or MIXTURE?
PURE SUBSTANCE• fixed _______• definite ______• all the elements
(listed on the periodic table)
• all compounds (all have a formula)
• Examples: distilled water, salt…
•
MIXTURE• a combination of more
than one ___ ___• can be separated into
pure substances• proportions may vary• Examples: most water,
air …•
MIXTURES MAY BE ANY COMBINATION OF SOLIDS,
LIQUIDS OR GASES.
SOLID/SOLID - _________________
SOLID/LIQUID - ________________
SOLID/GAS - ___________________
LIQUID/LIQUID - _______________
LIQUID/GAS - __________________
GAS/GAS - _____________________
TYPES OF MIXTURES:HETEROGENEOUS or
1. not uniformly mixed
2. after time the substances may settle
3. liquids are immiscible
HOMOGENEOUS
1. uniformly mixed
2. can not easily be separated
3. liquids are miscible
4. Fresh milk from a cow 4. Store milk that has been homogenized
5. Orange juice with pulp5. Soda
Pure Substance or Mixture???
ELEMENT COMP OU ND
P U RE SU BSTANCE
HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTU RE
MATTER
2.2 MATTER AND ENERGY
the KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY states:
• All matter is made of atoms or molecules
• Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
• Particles that are warmer or less massive move faster than colder or heavier particles.
The Kinetic Molecule - Quiz• Molecules move by:
– A. Forces acting on them– B. Their own internal energy– C. Both of the above
• Cold causes molecules to:– A. Move slower– B. Lose energy– C. Both of the above
• Heat causes molecules to:– A. Move faster– B. Gain energy– C. Both of the above
Properties of the STATES OF MATTER are:
State of Matter
Shape Volume Energy
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY DETERMINES THE STATE OF
MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS
LESS energy MORE
RELEASED energy is ABSORBED
MORE attraction between molecules LESS
CHANGES OF STATES OF MATTER
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
EVAPORATE
MELT
CONDENSE
FREEZE
GAS
SUBLIMATION
SOLID
Graphing Change of State
Graphing Change of State
HOW CHANGE OF STATE AFFECTS MATTER:
• AMOUNT OF MASS ? ______
• KIND OF MOLECULE ? ______
• NUMBER OF MOLECULES? _____
• VOLUME (space needed)? ______
God’s law of CONSERVATION:
MASS and ENERGY cannot be ____________ or ____________
REVIEW
ENERGY
MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
LOW ENERGY MEDIUM ENERGY HIGH ENERGY
2.3 TWO PROPERTIES OF
MATTER:CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
1. How it reacts 1. Change of state
2. Burn, decay, rust…. 2. Density, boil, cut, dissolve
3. Form new substances 3. NO new substance
4. 4.
REVIEW
CHEMICAL
CHANGES IN GOD’S WORLD
PHYSICALREACTIONS
DECAY / RUST / GROW MELT / BOIL / CUT / CRUSH
MATTER
_________ __________ __________
(THE STATES OF MATTER)
CAN UNDERGO TWO TYPES OF CHANGES
___________ ____________
AND GOD ESTABLISHED TWO LAWS TO GOVERN ALL MATTER
__________ __________
Study for the TEST!!!!!• Vocabulary words
• Identify as element or compound
• Identify physical or chemical property of a substance
• Identify if a change is physical or chemical
• Energy being absorbed or released
• Review questions
• Penny / alloy lab
Lab report 2.2b
(extension) EXAMPLE