matter & energy. if you heat something, what’s happening on the atomic level? atoms, no matter...
TRANSCRIPT
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Matter & Energy
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If you heat something, what’s happening on the Atomic Level?
• Atoms, no matter what the temperature or state (solid, liquid, gas) are always moving.
• Movement only stops at Absolute Zero (0Kelvin or -273 Celsius)
• When you cook food, the energy from the stove is transferred to the food.
• The food particles begin to move much faster (and may spread through the air in the kitchen – now you can smell the food!)
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The Kinetic Theory explains why this happens.
• All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles
• These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move.
• At the same temperature, heavier particles move slower than lighter particles
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Solids
• On the atomic level, look like this:
• The particles are closely packed but they still vibrate
• Have a definite shape and volume– Ice cubes take the shape of
the ice cube tray
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Liquids
• On the atomic level, liquids look like this:
• The particles of a liquid are close together but they can slide past each other.
• Have a definite volume, but they can change shape.– Water in a cup will keep the
same volume but change shape if poured into another object.
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Gases
• On the atomic level, look like this:
• Gas particles are in a constant state of motion and rarely stick together.
• Able to change both volume and shape.– The amount of empty space
between particles changes, so the volume is able to change.
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Click on the Links to View Each State on the Atomic Level
• http://www.hbschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/
• http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch04/anim/anim0402.htm
• http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=120&l=&c3
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Some Changes Require Energy
• If a substance goes from a state of little motion to a state of more atomic motion, the change REQUIRES energy.
• Evaporation: liquid to gas
• Sublimation: solid to gas
• Melting: solid to liquid
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Some Changes Release Energy
• If a substance goes from a state of high atomic motion to a state of less atomic motion, the change RELEASES energy.
• Condensation: Gas to Liquid• Freezing: Liquid to Solid
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Temperature Change vs. Change of State
• Let’s do a lab to see how the temperature changes when the phase changes!
• Conclusion of the Lab:– When a substance loses or gains energy, either its
temperature changes or its state changes.– The Temperature of a substance does NOT change
during a change of state.
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Did Your Graph Look Like This?
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I'm melting, I'm mellltinnggg.
-The Wicked Witch
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Law of Conservation of Mass & Energy
• Mass cannot be created or destroyed.
• Matter may change, but the total mass always stays the same. – If you light a match, the match looks like
it loses mass– The mass is still the same – some of it
may be carbon dioxide & other gases
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• Energy CAN change forms.– Energy stored in gasoline turns into
energy to move the car
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Let’s See if Mass Really is Conserved!