Matter & Energy

pg. 57-81

Today’s LO: I can convert temperatures between different temperature scales.

What is Matter?Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass.

Made from:1) Atoms2) Molecules

Where did matter originate from?

Laws concerning matterLaw of Conservation of

Matter matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Means: Everything is recycled/reused

…think about it!!

Properties of MatterPure Substance: Matter composed of all of one element or compound.Elements-Gold, Silver, etc.Compounds-Water, Methane gas, etc.

Mixture: Matter composed of two or more different atoms/molecules.Sand, air, many liquids, etc.

Properties of Matter: Mixtures

Homogeneous: Uniform mixtures of atoms/molecules.Ex. Salt water

Heterogeneous: Random distribution of atoms/molecules (not uniform).Ex: Oil & Water

States of Matter

Solid: Packed closely together in fixed locations.Energy (heat): Minimal or no energy

Liquid: Atoms/molecules close together but free to move around each other.

Energy (heat): Some energy

Gas: Atoms/molecules are separated by large distancesEnergy (heat): Lots of energy

States of Matter: Solids

Crystalline Solids: Atoms/molecules are arranged in geometric patterns in repeating order.Ex. Salt, sugar, etc.

Amorphous solids: Atoms/molecules are not arranged in repeating order.Ex. Glass, rubber, plastic

States of Matter: Liquids & Gases

Characteristics of liquids: Not compressible & takes on the shape of its container.

Characteristics of gases: Compressible & takes on the shape of its container.

States of Matter

What do you notice about the atoms/molecules between states?

What is temperature?

Temperature is a measure of thermal energy in matter not the exchange of energy b/w matter (heat).

Difference b/w scales = Where 0 degrees is on each scale.

3 Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit Scale

• Most familiar in the United States• Degree size different from

both Celsius & Kelvin scales

At what temperature does…

Water freeze?

Water Boil?

Celsius Scale

• Most familiar with scientists• Degree size same as Kelvin

scale

At what temperature does…

Water freeze?

Water Boil?

Fahrenheit Scale

Fahrenheit temp = 97.8 what is the temperature in Celsius?

Fahrenheit Scale

Celsius temp = 29 what is the temperature in Fahrenheit?

Kelvin Scale• SI System temperature scale• Same degree size as Celsius

scale• No negative temperatures

At what temperature does…

Water freeze?

Water Boil?

Kelvin Scale

Absolute Zero: No thermal energy—Theoretical temperature where all molecules would stop molecular motion.