matter – properties and changes chap. 3. can you think of anything that is pure?
TRANSCRIPT
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Matter – Properties Matter – Properties and Changesand Changes
Chap. 3Chap. 3Chap. 3Chap. 3
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Can you think Can you think of anything of anything that is pure?that is pure?
Can you think Can you think of anything of anything that is pure?that is pure?
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
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(Pure) Substance (Pure) Substance
Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition
Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of matterProperties of matter
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of matterProperties of matter
A.A. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive
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Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty
Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty
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Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty
Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance
Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty
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Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty
Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance
Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty
Ex.mass, length, volume,
Ex.mass, length, volume,
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Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty
Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance
Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty
Independent of the amount of substance
Independent of the amount of substance
Ex.mass, length, volume,
Ex.mass, length, volume,
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Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty
Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance
Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty
Independent of the amount of substance
Independent of the amount of substance
Ex.mass, length, volume,
Ex.mass, length, volume,
Ex.density, boiling point, color
Ex.density, boiling point, color
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
A.A. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive
B.B. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical
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Physical Physical PropertyProperty
Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty
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Physical Physical PropertyProperty
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty
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Physical Physical PropertyProperty
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty
Ex.color, state, BP, density
Ex.color, state, BP, density
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Physical Physical PropertyProperty
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty
Property that when measured alters a substance
Property that when measured alters a substance
Ex.color, state, BP, density
Ex.color, state, BP, density
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Physical Physical PropertyProperty
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Property that can be observed without altering composition
Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty
Property that when measured alters a substance
Property that when measured alters a substance
Ex.color, state, BP, density
Ex.color, state, BP, density
Ex.Oxidizing ability, reactivity
Ex.Oxidizing ability, reactivity
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
A.A. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive
B.B. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical
C.C. StateState
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Three States of MatterThree States of Matter
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Three States of MatterThree States of Matter
1.1. SolidSolid
2.2. LiquidLiquid
3.3. GasGas
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
III.III. Changes in MatterChanges in Matter
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
III.III. Changes in MatterChanges in MatterA.A. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical
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Physical Physical ChangeChange
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Chemical Chemical ChangeChange
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Physical Physical ChangeChange
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Chemical Chemical ChangeChange
Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change
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Physical Physical ChangeChange
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Chemical Chemical ChangeChange
Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Change that alters composition of substance
Change that alters composition of substance
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Physical Physical ChangeChange
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Chemical Chemical ChangeChange
Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Ex.Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn
Ex.Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn
Change that alters composition of substance
Change that alters composition of substance
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I.I. SubstanceSubstance
II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
III.III. Changes in MatterChanges in MatterA.A. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical
B.B. Conservation of MassConservation of Mass
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Conservation of MassConservation of Mass
MassMassreactantsreactants = Mass = Massproductsproducts
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Self Check – Ex. 1Self Check – Ex. 1
A 22.8-g sample of water is A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed?mass of oxygen is formed?
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Self Check – Ex. 1Self Check – Ex. 1
A 22.8-g sample of water is A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed?mass of oxygen is formed?
MMoxygenoxygen = 20.6 g = 20.6 g
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
A.A. Homogenous vs. Homogenous vs. HeterogeneousHeterogeneous
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MixtureMixture
Combination of two or more pure substancesCombination of two or more pure substances
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
A.A. Homogenous vs. Homogenous vs. HeterogeneousHeterogeneous
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Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture
has the same composition throughout.
has the same composition throughout.
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture
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Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture
has the same composition throughout.
has the same composition throughout.
Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture
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Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture
has the same composition throughout.
has the same composition throughout.
Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
mixture with visibly different parts.
mixture with visibly different parts.
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture
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Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture
has the same composition throughout.
has the same composition throughout.
Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Ex.salad, root beer float, sandy water
Ex.salad, root beer float, sandy water
mixture with visibly different parts.
mixture with visibly different parts.
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture
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Homogenous MixtureHomogenous Mixture
= =
SolutionSolution
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some other solutionssome other solutions
• gas in gas – air
• gas in liquid – carbonated drink
• liquid in gas – water droplets in air
• solid in solid – alloy
• gas in gas – air
• gas in liquid – carbonated drink
• liquid in gas – water droplets in air
• solid in solid – alloy
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
B.B. SeparatingSeparating
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
B.B. SeparatingSeparating
1.1. filtrationfiltration
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
B.B. SeparatingSeparating
1.1. filtrationfiltration
2.2. distillationdistillation
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
B.B. SeparatingSeparating
1.1. filtrationfiltration
2.2. distillationdistillation
3.3. crystallizationcrystallization
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IV.IV. MixturesMixtures
B.B. SeparatingSeparating
1.1. filtrationfiltration
2.2. distillationdistillation
3.3. crystallizationcrystallization
4.4. chromatographychromatography
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Self Check – Ex. 2Self Check – Ex. 2
A mixture of salt, sand and A mixture of salt, sand and water is created. How can water is created. How can you recover the sand and you recover the sand and salt?salt?
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Self Check – Ex. 3Self Check – Ex. 3
A mixture of red dye is A mixture of red dye is placed in water. How can placed in water. How can this mixture be separated?this mixture be separated?
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V.V. Elements & CompoundsElements & Compounds
A.A. ElementElement
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ElementElement
Pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means
Pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means
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elementselements
• organized on periodic table
• about 100 elements (90 occur naturally)
• they aren’t equally abundant
• abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols
• organized on periodic table
• about 100 elements (90 occur naturally)
• they aren’t equally abundant
• abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols
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V.V. Elements & CompoundsElements & Compounds
A.A. ElementElement
B.B. CompoundCompound
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CompoundCompound
Combination of two or more elementsCombination of two or more elements
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compoundscompounds
• over 10 million and increasing
• can be decomposed into elements
• chemical formulas show which elements compose compounds
• over 10 million and increasing
• can be decomposed into elements
• chemical formulas show which elements compose compounds
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VI.VI. Laws of the CompoundsLaws of the Compounds
A.A. Law of Constant Law of Constant CompositionComposition
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Law of Constant Law of Constant CompositionComposition
Every sample of a given Every sample of a given compound contains the same compound contains the same mass ratio of elements.mass ratio of elements.
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Self Check – Ex. 4Self Check – Ex. 4
IDID CarbonCarbon OxygenOxygen C:O ratioC:O ratio
A 1.56 g 2.07 g
B 2.25 g 2.99 g
Are compounds A and B the Are compounds A and B the same substance?same substance?
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Self Check – Ex. 4Self Check – Ex. 4
Are compound A and B the Are compound A and B the same substance?same substance? Yes – they have the
same C:O ratio.
IDID CarbonCarbon OxygenOxygen C:O ratioC:O ratio
A 1.56 g 2.07 g 1.33
B 2.25 g 2.99 g 1.33
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VI.VI. Laws of the CompoundsLaws of the Compounds
A.A. Law of Constant Law of Constant CompositionComposition
B.B. Law of Multiple Law of Multiple ProportionsProportions
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Law of Multiple Law of Multiple ProportionsProportions
The ratio of mass ratios for The ratio of mass ratios for the elements in two different the elements in two different compounds will be a whole compounds will be a whole numbernumber
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Self Check – Ex. 5Self Check – Ex. 5
Compound C is NCompound C is N22O. Suggest a O. Suggest a
formula for compound D?formula for compound D?
IDID NitrogenNitrogen OxygenOxygen N:O ratioN:O ratio
C 15.02 g 8.58 g
D 5.48 g 6.26 g
N2O
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Self Check – Ex. 5Self Check – Ex. 5
IDID NitrogenNitrogen OxygenOxygen N:O ratioN:O ratio
C 15.02 g 8.58 g 1.75
D 5.48 g 6.26 g 0.875
Compound B has half the nitrogen. Could be NO (nitrogen monoxide).
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The End