matter takes up space. all matter is made up of 4 general properties: mass, weight, volume and...
TRANSCRIPT
Matter takes up space.
All matter is made up of 4 general properties:
Mass, Weight, Volume and Density.
Properties of matter
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/properties-of-matter.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/properties-of-matter.htm
GENERAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC Properties
Mass color Weight texture Volume shape Density Size
Odor
Hardness
malleable, ductile
mass-amount of matter in an object.
Weight-measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
Volume-amount of space an object or liquid takes up.
Density-mass per unit volume; D=M/V
Units for mass, weight, volume and density
Mass: Kg Weight: newtonsVolume: L for a liquid ; cm³ for a solidDensity: g/mL, Kg /KL-liquids g/ cm³ , Kg/ m³ -solids
Weight is different from mass
To understand this, you must first understand gravity…
Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses ☺
This attraction causes objects to exert a pull on other objects
Because all matter has mass, all matter experiences gravity
The amount of gravitational attraction between objects depends on two things:
1.The masses of the objects
2. The distance between them
Gravitational force is smaller between objects with smaller masses that are close together vs. larger masses close together
Smaller vs. larger masses close together
How Mass & Distance Affect Gravity Between Objects
An increase in distance reduces gravitational force between two objects
Gravitational force is smaller when further awayvs. closer together
Weight is a measure of gravitational force exerted on an object ☺For example: The brick vs. the sponge
Larger mass;Larger force;Larger weight
Smaller mass;Smaller force;Lower weight
Liquid Volume
• Measured in liters• Use a graduated
cylinder• The curve that you
see at the liquid’s surface has a special name meniscus ☺
Solid Volumes
• Measured in cubic units, such as cm3 or m3
• Cubic means “having three dimensions”—L X W X H
• 1 mL = 1 cm3 = 1 g• For rectangular or square objects:• Volume = Length x width x height
Hei
ght
Length
Wid
th
Measuring an irregular solid( object )• Graduated cylinder or over flow can, and
convert displaced water in mL to cm3
Water displacement worksheet
• Do the water displacement worksheet and correct
ANSWERS TO WATER DISPLACEMENT1. 9 cm³ 2. 5 cm³ 3. 4 cm³
4. .4 cm³ 5. 3.5 cm³ 6. 1 cm³
7. 1.8 cm³ 8. 7 cm³ 9. 4 cm³
10. 15 cm³ 11. 3 cm³ 12. 9.5 cm³
13. 8.5 cm³ 14. 3 cm³ 15. 3 cm³
16. .7 cm³ 17. 8.5 cm³ 18. 1 cm³
19. 1.1 cm³ 20. 7 cm³ 21. 10 cm³
22. 14 cm³ 23. 5 cm³ 24. 6 cm³
Volume lab
Measuring the Volume of Gases
How do you measure the volume of a gas?• You cannot: hold a ruler up to a gas• So it’s impossible….right?• Think again ! Gas molecules move:________________
• A gas expands to fill its container, so…
– If you know the volume of the container the gas is in
– Then you know the volume of the gas
density
• Density is the relationship between mass and volume.
• It is a proportion. Mass and volume need to be calculated.
• Formula: D = m/v
• http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=93322http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=93322
DENSITY PROBLEMS
1. A coke can has a volume of 355 mL. Its mass is 50 g. What is its density?
2. Titanium has a density of 4.5 g/cubic cm. Mass of a titanium Cube is 4500 g. What is its volume?
3. What is the density of a cork that has a mass of 0.24 g and a volume of 2.0 cubic cm? D =
4. What is the mass of an ice cube that has a volume of 8.0 cubic cm? ( density of ice is 0.92 g/cubic cm ) Mass =
mD
v
mV
D m VD
Answers to problems :
D = .14 g/mL
V = 1000 cubic cm³
D = .12 cm³
M = 7.4 g
Density worksheet 1 and 2 Answers to ws. # 1:1..2 g/cm³
2. 1 g/mL
3. 12.72 g
4.11.4 g/cm³ lead
5.3.7 g/cm³ aluminum
6.1.9 g/cm³ bone
7..68 g/cm³ gasoline
Density worksheet # 2 answers:
1. 2.54 g/cm³2. 4.67 g/cm³3. 6.11 g/cm³4. 0.639 g/cm³5. 0.168 g/cm³6. 2.52 g/cm³7. 0.281 g/cm³8. 4.88 g/cm³9. 1.32 g/cm³10. 7.55 g/cm³11. 3.36 g/cm³12. a) 1.398 g/ mL; b) no. Water’s density is 1 g/mL13. 4.046 or 4.05 g/cm³
Part 2 – phases of matter
What is not matter? Light, Sound,Electricity. They are all forms of energy. Phases of matter ( or States )
What is steam? Invisible gas. The water boils at 212 degrees, and it cannot get hotter. So,the additional energy condenses it to water droplets, or vapor.
To change water into a solid? Freeze it.
To change ice into water? Melt it.
Two Pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space at the same time.
There are 4 States or Phases of Matter.
They are :Solid, liquid, gas and Plasma.
Short video
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/
11Image BankImage Bank
Solid Particles
Glass of Liquid
Liquid Particles
Gas Particles
Definite Shape Definite Volume
Solid Yes Yes Liquid
No YesGas No No
Plasma No No
Theory of Moving Particles (Kinetic-Molecular Theory)
States of Matter Particle Distance Particle SpeedSolid No Space between particles Part. vibrate in place
Liquid Particles slide Particles moving around
OVER EACH OTHER quicker than solid.
Gas Particles are far apart Particles moving very fast
Plasma Widely Separated particles Fastest moving particles
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter
Bill nye video and worksheet
Solids—have a variety of shapes. Crystalline solids—definite repeating pattern and shape. ex: salt, sugar, sand, snow Amorphous solids–a solid that can flow under certain conditions. Acts like a liquid, and loses itsshape. ex: wax, tar, rubber, glass
Liquids------flow differently—some flow quickly, some slowly.
Viscosity—resistance of liquid to flow. Honey, ketchup, ,lava.
Physical Property- the characteristics of a substance that can be measured or observed.ex. GP, SP
Physical Change- affects the physical properties of the substance (same substance)
Temperature and Phase Changes
Temperature—A measure of how fast/slow the molecules are moving in a phase of matter.When Temp. rises, heat is being added. When it goes down, heat is being taken away.
Phase Change: A physical change where heat energy is added or taken away to change form. It is STILL the same substance.
5 Phase Changes—Physical Properties
Energy is what causes particles to move. Adding or taking away heat energy is what causes matter change phase. These are physical changes.
The matter changes from 1 form to another, but the substance is still the same.
http://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/watersolid.htmlhttp://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/watersolid.html
HAND OUT: INTERNET LAB ON PHASE CHANGES
Air Pressure in Volleyball
Frozen pond
Freezing—Change of a liquid to a solid. (loss of heat energy). The freezing point of a substance is = to its melting point. Water to ice•Melting---- Change of a solid to a liquid. (gain of heat energy). The melting point of a substance is = to its freezing point. Ex: ice to water•Condensation—When a gas changes to a liquid. ( loss of heat energy) ex: steam to water Vaporization—Change from a liquid to a gas. (gain of heat energy)—Evaporation-at surface of liquid.Ex: water to steam•Sublimation---When a solid goes directly to a gas, and skips the liquid state. (gain of heat energy) ex: dry ice, snow. Ex: snow, dry ice, glaciers•Deposition: when gas goes to solid, skipping liquid state.
• Solid CO2• Not crystal like• Not brittle • White• Below freezing• Sublimes• - 75 degrees C
•Solid H2O molecules•Crystal like
•Brittle•Clear ( usually )
•Freezing pt of water•Melts
• 0 degrees C
Dry ice water ice
In common
DRAW
endo
ther
mic
exoth
erm
ic
endothermicendotherm
ic
exothermic
exothermic
Endothermic---gain ( absorption ) of heat energy
Exothermic-- loss ( release ) of heat energy
And heat energy !!
Add in
Ck this out: substa:Melting pt/freezing pt condensationpt/vaporization pt.
A 14degrees C 120 degrees C
B 75 degrees C 85 degrees C
C - 45 degrees C 15 degrees C
1.Which is a solid at 65 degrees C?
2.What phase is B at 90 degrees C?
3. Which substance, A, B or C is a liquid at 60 degrees C?
ANSWERS:
1.B IS A SOLID AT 65 DEGREES
2.B IS A GAS AT 90 DEGREES
3.A IS A LIQUID AT 60 DEGREES
Recap of phase changes OR, changes of state
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htm
November 26, 2012
Is something New created?
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/changes-of-matter.htm
PART 3:chemical changes of matter
chemical change –the process by which a new substance is created. Ex: brownie mix cooks—becomes brownies. chemical reaction– • same as a chemical change involves chemically combining substances, to produce a new substance. •chemical Property– •describes how a substance changes into a new substance Ex: paper has the ability to burn and create ash.
SIGNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS: Is it rusting ? Ex:Is it tarnishing?( reaction to oxygen in air) Ex:is it Flammable? Ex: hairsprayability to burn( oxygen supports burning, but carbon dioxide does not!)-- is it burning? Ex: wood on fire-- is it giving off a gas? Ex: alka seltzer and waterIs it fizzing? Ex: alka seltzer and waterIs it changing color? Ex: leaves changing color
Is it Bubbling? Ex: alka seltzer and water
Recap of chemical and physical Properties and changes
Chem prop. Chem changes phys.Prop phys changes
brain pop -property changes – use worksheet
http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/propertycha
nges/
Gas Laws---only work with a sealed ( fixed ) amount of gas. Volume, temp. and pressure Boyle’s Law— Inverse Relationship between Volume and Pressure on a fixed amount of gas.
Volume increases as Pressure decreases. P1V1 = P2V2
Charles’s Law---Volume varies directly with the temperature of the gas with a fixed amount of gas. Volume increases as Temperature increases. V1 V2
------ = ------ T1 T2
BOYLE’S GAS LAW
Volume Decreases-Pressure Increases
CHARLES’S GAS LAW
Pressure and Temperature
Gas law formulas:
Boyles : P1V1=P2V2
Charles’s: V1 V2
------ = ------ T1 T2
LET’S DO GAS LAW PROBLEMS!