Mattervs.

Energy

What is energy?

Energy is a force that causes a system to

work

What kinds of energy are there?

Potential (stored) Kinetic (moving)

Chemical

Gravitational

Nuclear

Thermal (heat)

Sound

Electrical

Electromagnetic (light)

Nuclear

Practice: Potential or Kinetic?

Food

Glowing hot piece of metal

Book sitting on the edge of a

table

Meteorite falling through the sky

Glowing hot piece of metal

Stretched out rubber band

How are matter and energy related?

E = mc2

[Energy] = [mass] x [speed of light]

Just like matter; energy must also be

conserved.

Energy Levels of Matter

Solid Low Energy

Liquid

Gas

Plasma High Energy

THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ICE AND WATER VAPOR IS THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY THE WATER PARTICLES HAVE!

property solid liquid gas

density highest high low

compressibility low low high

volume constant constant fills container

shape constant fits container fills container

structure ordered disordered disordered

SolidsCharacteristics of solids

Definite shapeDefinite volumeVirtually incompressible particlesExpand only slightly when heatedHigh densityGenerally hard

Two main types of solidsCrystalline solidsAmorphous solids (non-crystalline)

Crystalline SolidsSolids in which the atoms, molecules, or

ions have a highly regular arrangementLattice = the highly regular arrangement of crystals; or

an orderly and repeating arrangement pattern

Ex: cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal

Examples of crystalline solidsNaCl (table salt), graphite & diamonds, iron &

silver, sugar

Amorphous Solids

Have NO regular structureDon’t form crystals

Occurs when liquids cool and solidify quickly or when very long molecules tangle up with each other and prevent crystal formationEx. glass, wax, gels, rubber, some plastics,

foam, emulsions

Liquids

Characteristics of Liquids Constant volumeNo definite shape

Take the shape of their container

Expand when heatedHigh densityForm of matter that flows (has fluidity)Nearly incompressible particles

Ex. water, mercury, alcohols

GasesCharacteristics of Gases

No definite shapeConforms to the shape of its container

No definite volumeFills the entire volume of container its in

Easily compressible particlesForm of matter that flows (has fluidity)Low density

Ex. Chlorine, Helium, Methane, Nitrogen, the air we breathe (mixture of N, O, Ar)Gas particles

smallspread far apart from each otherin constant and random motion (so high energy)

SIDENOTE:A gaseous substance that is found as a solid

or liquid at room temperature is called vapor.

Substances that easily evaporate at room temperature are volatile

PlasmaMost of the matter in the universe is in

the form of plasmaPlasma = ionized (charged) gasesFormed by heating or ionizing a gasNo definite shape or volumeCan conduct electricityEx: the sun & other stars, lightning, found inside

neon & fluorescent lighting