maturaarbeit morgens 23.8.12 vh - institute of cell biology€¦ · h! ".)'0.()!!...

!

SCHARFE ANGELEGENHEIT

"#$!%#&'()*!+,)!-./0.#1#)!()2!$#)$3!$#*$)0!4$&*$05$665$)!!-4#6#7895&.'5!.(:!;.'5$&#$)!2$&!3$)0146#14$)!<=&/$&:6,&.!

>.?#.)!@$(006$&A!?$5&$(5!+,)!!-4&#05#)$!<$66$&!

B.5(&..&?$#5!CD3).0#(3!@,:E#6!

FGHF!HIJ!?!

KGJK!BL)14$)?(140$$!

!

! H!

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

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !

!

! F!

X)4.650+$&O$#14)#0!!!H!8#)6$#5()*! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Z!!HMH![$&0=)6#14$&!;$O(*!O(3!P4$3.! ! ! ! ! ! ! Z!!HMF!N#$6!2$&!Q&?$#5!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! J!!

F!!-4#6#0!()2!-./0.#1#)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! \!!FMH !@$&'():5!()2!R$&?&$#5()*!2$&!-4#6#0! ! ! ! ! ! \!!FMF!!;,5.)#014$!<6.00#:#O#$&()*! ! ! ! ! ! ! ]!!FMK!!-./0.#1#)A!2$&!V5,::!2$&!2#$!-4#6#0!014.&:!3.145! ! ! ! HG!!FMZ!!B$00()*!2$&!V14Y&:$! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! HH!!FMJ !R$&014#$2$)$!R$&E$)2()*0OE$1'$! ! ! ! ! ! HJ!

FMJMH!R$&E$)2()*!.60!^.4&()*03#55$6! ! ! ! ! HJ!FMJMF!R$&E$)2()*!#)!2$&!B$2#O#)! ! ! ! ! ! H\!FMJMK!%$#5$&$!R$&E$)2()*$)! ! ! ! ! ! H]!

!FM\!!8#):6(00!2$0!-./0.#1#)0!.(:!2#$!;.'5$&#$):6,&.!2$0!B$)014$)! ! H]!

!!

KM!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!#)!>6L00#*'(65(&$)!?$#!+$&014#$2$)$)!-./0.#1#)7!()2!-4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! ! ! ! FG!!! KMH!!R,&+$&0(14$!()2!R$&0(140+,&?$&$#5()*$)!! ! ! ! ! FG!

KMHMH!@$&05$66()*!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50! ! ! ! ! FG!KMHMF!_?$&:L4&()*!2$0!',33$&O#$66$)!-./0.#1#)0!! ! ! !0,E#$!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!#)!`=0()*!! ! ! ! ! FF!KMHMK!R$&E$)2$5$!;.'5$&#$)! ! ! ! ! ! FK!!

! KMF!!!P$05&$#4$! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! FK!KMFMH!8&05$66()*!$#)$&!%.1405(30'(&+$! ! ! ! ! FK!KMFMF!R$&0(140.(:?.(! ! ! ! ! ! ! FZ!

7!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!! ! ! ! ! FZ!7!-4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! ! ! ! ! FZ!!

!! KMK!!R,&*$4$)!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! FJ!

!!

!

! K!

Z U$0(65.5$!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! F\!!ZMH %#&'()*!+,)!-./0.#1#)!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! ! ! F\!

ZMHMH ;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!2$&!W4&$)! ! ! ! ! ! F\!ZMHMF !"#$%&'!a;6!FHb!! ! ! ! ! ! ! FI!ZMHMK ("#)*+,'&')# # # # # # # # F]#

!ZMF %#&'()*!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! ! ! Fc!

ZMFMH !"#$%&'!a;6!FHb!! ! ! ! ! ! ! Fc!ZMFMF ("#)*+,'&')# ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KH#

!!

J "#0'(00#,)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KF!!

JMH X)!2$&![&.9#0!O(!$&E.&5$)2$!8::$'5$!2$0!-./0.#1#)0! ! ! !!.(:!2#$!+$&014#$2$)$)!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! ! ! ! ! ! KF!

! ! JMHMH!!!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!.(0!2$)!W4&$)! ! ! ! ! KK!! ! JMHMF!!!!"#$%&'#-(&#./0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KZ!! ! JMHMK!!!("#)*+,'&')! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KZ!!

JMF ;$&$14)()*!2$&!V14Y&:$!()2!2$&!-./0.#1#)',)O$)5&.5#,)!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KJ!

!! JMFMH! !"#$%&'! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KJ!JMFMF! ("#)*+,'&')# ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KJ!

!JMK!!!R$&*6$#14!3#5!2$&!`#5$&.5(&! ! ! ! ! ! ! K\!

!!

\!!!!!N(0.33$):.00()*!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! K]!!!

I!!!!!Q)4.)*! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ZG!!

IMH!!!`#5$&.5(&+$&O$#14)#0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ZG!IMHMH!!!;(14+$&O$#14)#0d! ! ! ! ! ! ! ZG!IMHMF!!!X)5$&)$5+$&O$#14)#0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ZG!!

IMF!!!;#62+$&O$#14)#0!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ZH!!! IMK!!!P.?$66$)+$&O$#14)#0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ZF!

!!!

! !

!

! Z!

H!8#)6$#5()*!

HMH!![$&0=)6#14$&!;$O(*!O(3!P4$3.!

X14! OL145$! 0$#5! +#$&! e.4&$)! 4,??D3Y00#*! -4#6#/:6.)O$)M! N(3! $#)$)! #)5$&$00#$&$)! 3#14!

2.?$#! 2#$! +$&014#$2$)$)! -4#6#0,&5$)! 3#5! #4&$)! ()5$&014#$26#14$)! >.&?7! ()2!

C$0143.1'0:,&3$)! 0,E#$! 2$)! ()5$&014#$26#14! 4,4$)! V14Y&:$*&.2$! 2$&! >&L145$M! N(3!

.)2$&$)!0#)2!+#$6$!2$&!:L&!3#14!#)5$&$00.)5$)!-4#6#0!#3!@.)2$6!)#145!$&4Y656#14A!0,!2.00!

$0! 0#14! 6,4)5! $#*$)$! [:6.)O$)! O(! '(65#+#$&$)A! .(14! E$))! 2$&! 8&5&.*! 4Y(:#*! )#145!

+$&*6$#14?.&! #05! 3#5! 2$3! $#)$0! 6.)2E#&5014.:56#14$)! [&,2(O$)5$)M! "#$! V.3$)! :L&! 2#$!

[:6.)O$)O(145!?$O#$4$!#14!*&=005$)5$#60!+,)!Q)?#$5$&)!.(0!2$3!X)5$&)$5A!+,)!;$'.))5$)!

,2$&!.(0!?,5.)#014$)!CY&5$)M!

X)!2#$0$3!e.4&!?#)!#14!.(:*&()2!+#$6$&!014(6#014$&!R$&/:6#145()*$)!()2!)$($&!X)5$&$00$)!

)#145!2.O(!*$',33$)!)$($![:6.)O$)!.)O(O#$4$)A!0,!2.00!)(&!OE$#!3$4&SY4&#*$![:6.)O$)!

+,3!6$5O5$)!e.4&!+,&4.)2$)!0#)2M!X)!2$)!+,&4$&#*$)!e.4&$)!4.55$!#14!.66$&2#)*0!L?$&!FJ!

+$&014#$2$)$! -4#6#0,&5$)! ()2! 5$#6E$#0$! E$#5! L?$&! HGG! [:6.)O$)M! "#$! Q??#62()*! H! 0,66!

$#)$)!'6$#)$)!8#)2&(1'!3$#)$&!N(145!+,)!-4#6#/:6.)O$)!*$?$)M!

N$#5E$#0$!',))5$! #14!3#&! 0,*.&!L?$&!2$)!R$&'.(:! +,)![:6.)O$)!$#)!E$)#*! O(0Y5O6#14$0!

P.014$)*$62!+$&2#$)$)M!!

Q60!B.5(&..&?$#5!$&014#$)!3#&!2.0!P4$3.!-4#6#0!()2!-./0.#1#)!.3!#)5$&$00.)5$05$)A!2.!

#14!0,!.(14!/$&0=)6#14!)$($!X):,&3.5#,)$)!0.33$6)!',))5$!()2!),14!3$4&!O(!2#$0$3!

;$&$#14!*$6$&)5!4.?$M!!

!

! J!

! !! ! ! ! !!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MHd!-4#6#/:6.)O$)!.(0!$#*$)$&!Q)O(145d!,?$)!6#)'0d!3$4&$!V,&5$)A!(M.M!<#&0147-4#6#f!,?$)!&$1450d!U$2!@.?.)$&,A!E$614$!(M.M!:L&!2$)!R$&0(14!+$&E$)2$5!E(&2$)f!()5$)!6#)'0d!`$3,)!"&,/!3#5!&$#:$)!>&L145$A!()5$)!&$1450f!S()*$!W&.)*$!@.?.)$&,!()2!;4(5!e,6,'#.![:6.)O$)!

!

HMF!N#$6!2$&!Q&?$#5!

"#$! -4#6#! *$4=&5! O(&! C.55()*! 2$&! [./&#'.! a123)'$*4bM! >L&! 2$)! B$)014$)! 0#)2!

4.(/50Y146#14! 2#$! >&L145$! +,)! ;$2$(5()*M! ".?$#! *#?5! $0! )$?$)! O.46&$#14$)! Q&5$)!

4()2$&5$! +,)! V,&5$)A! E$614$! 0#14! #)! C&=00$A! C$0143.1'A! >.&?$! ()2! V14Y&:$*&.2!

()5$&014$#2$)M!

N#$6!3$#)$&!Q&?$#5!E.&!$0A!)$?$)!$#)$&!(3:.)*&$#14$)!`#5$&.5(&&$14$&14$! O(3!P4$3.!

2$&!-4#6#0!*$).($&!.(:!2$)!V5,::!-./0.#1#)!$#)O(*$4$)M!".0!-./0.#1#)!#05!$#)!Q6'.6,#2!()2!

E#&2! +,3! B$)014$)! 2$04.6?! .60! 014.&:! E.4&*$),33$)A! E$#6! $0! 0#14! .(:! ?$05#335$!

!

! \!

%Y&3$&$O$/5,&$)! 0$5O5! ()2! 0,3#5! $#)$! R$&?&$))()*! 0#3(6#$&5HM! 80! #05! ?$6$*5A! 2.00!

-./0.#1#)!$#)$!.)5#?.'5$&#$66$!()2!:()*#O#2$!%#&'()*!?$0#5O5FM!

!

X3! /&.'5#014$)! P$#6! 2#$0$&! Q&?$#5! 0,665$! 4$&.(0*$:()2$)! E$&2$)A! ,?! -./0.#1#)! $#)$!

4$33$)2$! ,2$&! .?5=5$)2$! %#&'()*! .(:! ?$05#335$! ;.'5$&#$)! 2$&! 3$)0146#14$)!

<=&/$&:6,&.! 4.5M! ".?$#! 0,665$)! OE$#! .(0! 2$3! `.?,&! 05.33$)2$A! 014,)! ?$'.))5$!

;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! 0,E#$! $#)! +,3! $#*$)$)! <=&/$&! #0,6#$&5$&! ()2! '6,)#$&5$&! V5.33! .60!

P$05,?S$'5$!+$&E$)2$5!E$&2$)M!

!

N(2$3! 0,665$! 3#5! -4#6#0! .(0! $#*$)$3! Q)?.(! $#)! -4#6#7895&.'5! 3#5! 3=*6#1405! 4,4$&!

-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)!0$6?05!4$&*$05$665!E$&2$)!()2!$?$):.660!.(:!$#)$!.)5#?#,5#014$!

%#&'()*!4#)!()5$&0(145!E$&2$)M!"(&14!$#)$)!R$&*6$#14!2$&!8&*$?)#00$!2$0!R$&0(140!3#5!

2$3! *$'.(:5$)! -./0.#1#)! ()2! 2$3! 0$6?05! 4$&*$05$665$)! -4#6#7895&.'5! 0,665$! $#)$!

()*$:Y4&$!V14Y5O()*!2$0!-./0.#1#)*$4.650!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!*$3.145!E$&2$)M!

!

"#$! %#&'()*$)! ?$#2$&! V(?05.)O$)! 0,665$)! #)! +$&014#$2$)$)! <,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! .(:! 2.0!

%.1405(3!+,)!;.'5$&#$)!#)!>6L00#*'(65(&$)!*$5$05$5!E$&2$)M!!

!

T3!2#$!B$54,2$)!()2!Q&?$#505$14)#'$)! :L&!3$#)$!R$&0(14$!),14!O(!$&*Y)O$)!()2!O(!

+$&?$00$&)A!4.?$!#14!+,&!2$3!R$&0(14!$#)#*$!`$'5#,)$)!2$0!B#'&,?#,6,*#$!X7<(&0$0!+,)!

@$&&)!"&M!W140$)&$#5$&!.)!2$&!T)#+$&0#5Y5!;$&)!?$0(145M!

!

F!!-4#6#0!()2!-./0.#1#)!

FMH!@$&'():5!()2!R$&?&$#5()*!2$&!-4#6#0!

_?$&!2$)!*$).($)!T&0/&()*0,&5!2$&!-4#6#0!014$#)5!3.)!0#14!)#145!*.)O!#3!'6.&$)!O(!0$#)A!

2$))!$0!E$&2$)!#)!3$4&$&$)!g($66$)!)$?$)!B$9#1,K!.(14!VL2?&.0#6#$)!()2!;,6#+#$)Z!.60!

@$&'():50*$?#$5$!*$).))5M!!

<6.&!#05!.(:!S$2$)!>.66A!2.00!0#$!.(0!$#)$&!3#55$67!?#0!0L2.3$&#'.)#014$)!U$*#,)!05.33$)M!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!H!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h-./0.#1#)!F455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#hC$0143.1'6#14$iV14Y&:$jC&M-KM;-)2$i:M-KM;-&i2.0i800$)i014.&:$&iV/$#0$)!K!`(05!.(:!-4#6#0A!VM\!Z!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h[./&#'.!

!

! I!

80!E#&2!+$&3(5$5A!2.00!2#$!-4#6#0!#))$&4.6?!B#55$67!?#0!VL2.3$&#'.0!*&=005$)5$#60!2(&14!

R=*$6!!+$&?&$#5$5!E(&2$)M!Q(00$&2$3!#05!?$6$*5A!2.00!014,)!+,&!cGGG!e.4&$)!2#$!T&:,&3!

2$&!4$(5#*$)!-4#6#0!.60!C$EL&O!,2$&!O(!@$#6()*0OE$1'$)!+$&E$)2$5!E(&2$JM!

"#$! -4#65$/#)! #05! 2$&! 4$(5#*$! ^.14:.4&$! 2#$0$&! T&:,&3! ()2! EY1405! #33$&! ),14! E#62!

a0#$4$!Q??M!FbM!!

!

!!!! !Q??MFd!-4#65$/#)7>&L145$A!^.14O(145!$#)$&!.(0!2$&!V,),&.7%L05$!aB$9#1,b!05.33$)2$)![:6.)O$!3#5!U.(/$!$#)$0!V14E.6?$)014E.)O$0!a1.M!ZAJ!13b!.60!C&=00$)+$&*6$#14M!!

!

8&05!O(&!N$#5!2$&!8)52$1'$&!E(&2$)!2#$!-4#6#0!2.))!2(&14!0/.)#014$!()2!/,&5(*#$0#014$!

V$$:.4&$&! a()5$&! .)2$&$3! .(14! 2(&14! -4&#05,/4! -,6(3?(0b! ).14! 8(&,/.A! Q:&#'.! ()2!

Q0#$)! E$#5$&+$&?&$#5$5! ()2! #)! 2#$! 800'(65(&$)! 2$&! )$($)! <,)5#)$)5$! .(:*$),33$)\!

a0#$4$! 4$(5#*$! R$&?&$#5()*! Q??MKbM! "#$0$&! >.'5! #05! +#$6$)! `$(5$)! )#145! ?$'.))5A! 2.!

4#$&O(6.)2$!+#$6$!2#$!014.&:$!.0#.5#014$!<L14$!'$))$)!()2!2$0E$*$)!:Y60146#14$&E$#0$!

2$)'$)A!2.00!2#$!-4#6#0!#4&$)!T&0/&()*!#)!Q0#$)!4.?$)M!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!J!!455/dhhEEEM'&.$(5$&7,.0$M.5h14#6#7/./&#'.h?,5.)#'h!\!`(05!.(:!-4#6#0A!VM\!

!

! ]!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MKd! %$65'.&5$d! "#$! &,5$! >.&?$! O$#*5! 2#$! T&0/&()*0*$?#$5$! 2$&! -4#6#0A! 2#$! *&L)$! >.&?$! '$))O$#14)$5!()*$:Y4&!2#$!4$(5#*$)!Q)?.(*$?#$5$IM!!

!

FMF!!;,5.)#014$!<6.00#:#O#$&()*!

"#$! -4#6#/:6.)O$)! *$4=&$)! O(&! >.3#6#$! 2$&! ^.145014.55$)*$EY140$! aV,6.).1$.$b! ()2!

0#)2! 0,3#5!3#5! 2$)!<.&5,::$6)!()2!P,3.5$)!+$&E.)25M!"#$!-4#6#0! *$4=&$)!2$&!C.55()*!

-./0#1(3! .)M! ! 8)5*$*$)! 2$&! .66*$3$#)! +$&?&$#5$5$)! ;$O$#14)()*! .60! V14,5$)! #05! 2#$!

-4#6#:&(145!.(0!?,5.)#014$&!V#145!?$5&.145$5!$#*$)56#14!$#)$!;$$&$]A!2.!0#$!$#)$!.(0!$#)$3!

>&(145'),5$)!4$&+,&*$*.)*$)$!V146#$00:&(145!#05M!

%$65E$#5!E(&2$)! ?#0! 4$(5$! KK! +$&014#$2$)$!Q&5$)cA! +,)!E$614$)! :L):! +,3!B$)014$)!

'(65#+#$&5!E$&2$)! a;$#0/#$6$! :L&! +#$&! 2#$0$&! :L):!Q&5$)! 0#)2! #)!Q??M! Z! .?*$?#62$5bM! R,)!

2$)!:L):!'(65#+#$&5$)!Q&5$)!0#)2!4()2$&5$!+$&014#$2$)$!-4#6#0,&5$)!?$'.))5HGM!"#$0$!N.46!

05$#*5!.66$&2#)*0! #33$&!E$#5$&!.)A!2.!O(3!$#)$)!05Y)2#*!)$($!-4#6#0,&5$)! #)!2$&!^.5(&!

$)52$1'5!E$&2$)A! O(3!.)2$&$)!.?$&!.(14!0$4&!+#$6$!)$($!$&5&.*&$#14$&$A!*$0143.1'07!

()2! 014Y&:$#)5$)0#+$&$! V,&5$)! *$OL145$5!E$&2$)A! (3!2#$!^.14:&.*$!2$&! -4#6#6#$?4.?$&!

O(!2$1'$)M!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I!Q??MKd!455/dhhEEEM*&#)*,'#66$&M2$h14#6#0h#)2$9M/4/!]!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h?,5.)#'h$#):($4&()*M/4/!c!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h[./&#'.j895$&)$iVD05$3.5#'!HG!`(05!.(:!-4#6#0A!VM\!

!

! c!

!!!!!!! !

Q??MZd! R$&014#$2$)$! -4#6#.&5$)! ()2! k0,&5$)! .(0! $#*$)$3!8&5&.*d! W?$)! 6#)'0d! 81(.2,&! [(&/6$A!123)'$*4#255**4f! ,?$)! &$1450d! U$2! @.?.)$&,A! 123)'$*4# $6'575)7f! B#55$! &$1450d! -.D$))$! [:$::$&A! 123)'$*4#89*,7)$75)f!()5$)!6#)'0d!;4(5!e,6,'#.A!123)'$*4#$6'575)7f!()5$)!&$1450d!!U,1,5,A!123)'$*4#3*+7)$75)!!

!

N(! 2#$0$&! 0D05$3.5#014$)! 8#)5$#6()*! #)! 2#$! +$&014#$2$)$)! Q&5$)! 0,66! .66$&2#)*0! ),14!

.)*$3$&'5!E$&2$)A!2.00!0#14!+#$6$!2$&!Q&5$)!#)!2$)!B$&'3.6$)!0$4&!Y4)$6)!()2!0,!$#)$!

'6.&$! Q&5$).?*&$)O()*! 014E#$&#*! #05M! N#$45! 3.)! )Y36#14! 2#$! #)! 2$&! V14(6$! *$6$&)5$!

"$:#)#5#,)!2$0!Q&5$)?$*&#::0!.60!Q&*(3$)5!4$&.)A!3L005$)!3$4&$&$!2$&!Q&5$)!$#*$)56#14!

O(0.33$)!O(!$#)$&!Q&5!O(0.33$)*$:.005!E$&2$)M!^.14!"$:#)#5#,)!*$4=&$)!.66$![:6.)O$)!

2#$!3#5$#).)2$&! :,&5/:6.)O()*0:Y4#*$!^.14',33$)!?#62$)!'=))$)!$#)$&!Q&5! .)M!%$))!

0#$! 0#14! 2$)),14! 2(&14! ?$05#335$! B$&'3.6$! E#$! >&(145:,&3A! >.&?$! ()2! C&=00$!

()5$&014$#2$)A!0/&#145!3.)!+,)!V,&5$)M!".!)()!.?$&!+#$6$!2$&!?$).))5$)!KK!-4#6#7Q&5$)!

!

! HG!

()5$&$#).)2$&!*$'&$(O5!()2!2#$!^.14',33$)!E$#5$&!*$OL145$5!E$&2$)!'=))$)A!4.)2$65!

$0!0#14!).14!2$&!"$:#)#5#,)!6$2#*6#14!(3!+$&014#$2$)$!V,&5$)M!"#$0$!P4$0$!E#&2!$?$):.660!

+,)! 2$3! >.'5! *$05L5O5A! 2.00! $#)#*$! %#00$)014.:56$&! Y4)6#14$&! B$#)()*! 0#)2! ()2! E#$!

?$014&#$?$)!$#)#*$!2$&!Q&5$)!.60!$#)$!Q&5!O(0.33$):.00$)!E,66$)HHM!

^$?$)! 2$&! '6.00#014$)! "$:#)#5#,)! $#)$&! Q&5! '=))5$)! .(14! *$)$5#014$! T)5$&0(14()*$)!

.)*$05$665! E$&2$)M! ",14! .(14! 3#54#6:$! 2#$0$&! B$54,2$)! #05! )#145! #33$&! $#)$! '6.&$!

Q?*&$)O()*!+,)!Q&5$)!3=*6#14M!!

!

",14! .(14! E$))! *$E#00$! T)0#14$&4$#5$)! ?$#! 2$&! *$).($&$)! <6.00#:#O#$&()*! ?6$#?$)A!

0,665$!2#$!@.(/5.(:3$&'0.3'$#5!2,14!#33$&!),14!?$#!2$&!/&.145+,66$)!R#$6:.65!2$&!-4#6#0!

?6$#?$)MMM!

!

!

FMK!-./0.#1#)A!2$&!V5,::!2$&!2#$!-4#6#0!014.&:!3.145!!

X3!Q66*$3$#)$)!E$&2$)!3$4&$&$!3=*6#14$!C&L)2$!.)*$*$?$)A!E.&(3!-4#6#0!014.&:!0#)2!

()2! -./0.#1#)! $)54.65$)M! @#$&?$#! E#&2! 2.+,)! .(0*$*.)*$)A! 2.00! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! $#)$)!

$+,6(5#,)Y&$)!R,&5$#6!:L&!-4#6#/:6.)O$)!2.&05$665HFM!

!

8#)$!B=*6#14'$#5!'=))5$!2$&!V14(5O!+,&!>&$00:$#)2$)!0$#)M!"#$!-4#6#:&L145$!EL&2$)!,4)$!

-./0.#1#)! :L&! VY(*$5#$&$! $#*$)56#14! $#)$! l(.6#5.5#+! 4,14E$&5#*$! ^.4&()*0l($66$! 3#5!

+#$6$)!R#5.3#)$)!2.&05$66$)M!",14!2.!2$&!R$&2.(()*0.//.&.5!2$&!VY(*$5#$&$!2#$!V.3$)!

O$&05=&5A! E.&! :L&! 2#$! [:6.)O$)! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! $#)! *&()26$*$)2! E#145#*$&! Q?E$4&05,::!

*$*$)! 2#$0$! >&$00:$#)2$M! -./0.#1#)! ?#)2$5! 2.?$#! .)! %Y&3$&$O$/5,&$)! ()2! 6=05! 2.0!

*6$#14$!83/:#)2$)!.(0!E#$!$0!?$#!2$&!Q(:).43$!+,)!O(!4$#00$&!^.4&()*!$)505$45M!

X3!C$*$)0.5O!O(!2$)!VY(*$&)!O$&05=&5!2$&!R$&2.(()*0.//.&.5!+,)!R=*$6)!2#$!V.3$)!#3!

#))$&$)! 2$&! >&L145$! )#145A! 0,)2$&)! 6#$:$&5! 0,*.&! 2(&14! 2$)! <,5! $#)$! Q&5! "L)*$&! ()2!

'.))!0,!2(&14.(0!?$#!2$&! 5$&&#5,&#.6$)!R$&?&$#5()*!2$&!+$&014#$2$)$)!-4#6#7Q&5$)!$#)$!

E#145#*$!U,66$!0/#$6$)M!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!HH!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h?,5.)#'h$#):($4&()*M/4/!HF455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h-./0.#1#)j8+,6(5#,)M-KMQZ&$i8)5E#1'6()*i2$&i-./0.#1#)/&,2('5#,)!!

!

! HH!

"$04.6?! 014$#)5! $0!/6.(0#?$6A! 2.00!R=*$6! '$#)! V143$&O$3/:#)2$)! :L&!-./0.#1#)! O$#*$)M!

N(2$3!E#&2!$&'6Y&?.&A!2.00!2#$!>&L145$!+$&3(56#14!2#$!3$#05!.(::Y66#*$!&,5$!,2$&!,&.)*$!

>.&?$!.60!8&'$))()*0O$#14$)!:L&!2#$!R=*$6!4.?$)M!

N(0.33$):.00$)2! '.))! 3.)! 0.*$)A! 2.00! 2#$! -4#6#0! 3#5! 2$3! -./0.#1#)! #3! `.(:$! 2$&!

8+,6(5#,)! $#)$)! V5,::! *$?#62$5! 4.?$)A!E$614$&! O(3! $#)$)! >&$00:$#)2$! .?014&$1'5A! O(3!

.)2$&$)! .?$&! P#$&$A! E$614$! 2.0! E$#5$&$! _?$&6$?$)! ()2! 2#$! R$&?&$#5()*! 2$&! [:6.)O$)!

?$*L)05#*$)A!.?$&!)#145!.?014&$1'5HKM!

!

"$&! >,&014$&! e,04(.! eM! P$E'0?(&D! ()2! 0$#)$! <,66$*$)! 4.?$)! $#)$)! E$#5$&$)!

#)5$&$00.)5$)!N(0.33$)4.)*!$)52$1'5M!V#$!05$665$)!:$05A!2.00!2#$!-4#6#0!#)!2$)!C$?#$5$)!

;,6#+#$)0! .3!3$#05$)!-./0.#1#)! $)54.65$)A! #)!2$)$)!?$05#335$A! :L&!2.0!_?$&6$?$)!2$&!

[:6.)O$)!*$:Y4&6#14$A![#6O$!+,&',33$)M!e$!4=4$&!2.0!U#0#',!$#)$0![#6O?$:.660!E.&A!2$05,!

4=4$&!05#$*!.(14!2$&!-./0.#1#)*$4.65!.)M!!

N(2$3!E(&2$!$#)!E$#5$&$&!N(0.33$)4.)*!3#5!X)0$'5$)!2$&!W&2)()*!2$&!V14).?$6'$&:$!

aOM;Md! %.)O$)A! N#'.2$)A! ;6.556Y(0$b! $)52$1'5M! "(&14! 3$14.)#014$! 8#)E#&'()*! .)! 2$)!

>&(145'=&/$&)! +$&05Y&'$)! 2#$0$! P#$&$! 2.0! U#0#',! $#)$0! [#6O?$:.660M! "$0E$*$)! E.&! #)!

C$?#$5$)A! #)! 2$)$)! 3$4&! V14).?$6'$&:$)! 6$?5$)A! 2$&! -./0.#1#)7Q)5$#6! 2$&! -4#6#0!

0#*)#:#'.)5!$&4=45HZM!

!

>$05!05$45!.(:!S$2$)!>.66A!2.00!2.0!-./0.#1#)!$#)$)!O$)5&.6$)!Q?E$4&05,::!0,E,46!*$*$)!

>&$00:$#)2$A! .60! .(14! *$*$)! 014Y26#14$!B#'&,,&*.)#03$)!2.&05$665A! .(14!E$))! 0#14!2#$!

>,&014()*! ),14! )#145! #3! <6.&$)! 2.&L?$&! #05A! E$614$&! 2$&! ?$#2$)! >.'5,&$)! 2$&!

.(00146.**$?$)2$!E.&M!!

!

!

FMZ!B$00()*!2$&!V14Y&:$!

%#$! 014.&:! $#)$! -4#6#! #05A! 4Y)*5! +,)! 2$&! B$)*$! .)! -./0.#1#)! .?A! E$614$! 0#$! $)54Y65M!

Q)*$*$?$)! E#&2! 2#$! V14Y&:$! $#)$&! -4#6#! $)5E$2$&! #)! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)! ,2$&! #)!

V14Y&:$*&.2$)M! ;$#2$!%$&5$! ?$O#$4$)! 0#14! 2.?$#! S$2,14! #)! 2$&! U$*$6! ! .(:! *$5&,1')$5$!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!HK455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h1./0.#1#)M/4/j%.&(3mFG-4#6#0mFG014.&:mFG0#)2!HZ!455/dhhEEEM/).0M,&*h1,)5$)5hHGJhKKhHH]G]M:(66!!

!

! HF!

>&L145$M!"#$0$!%$&5$!6#$*$)!(3!$5E.!2$)!>.'5,&!HG!4=4$&!.60!?$#!:&#014$)!>&L145$)HJA!2.!

2.0!#)!2$)!:&#014$)!>&L145$)!$)54.65$)$)!%.00$&!?$#!2$&!P&,1')()*!+$&6,&$)!*$45!()2!

0,3#5!$#)!/&,O$)5(.6$)!Q)05#$*!2$0!-./0.#1#)0!$)505$45M!!

!

"#$!V1,+#66$7V'.6.! &$#145!+,)!G! a)#145! 014.&:b!?#0! O(!H\MGGGMGGG! a&$#)$0!-./0.#1#)bM!"#$!

.?0,6(5$)! @=1405E$&5$! $#)$&! -4#6#! E(&2$)! Q):.)*! FGHF! *$3$00$)d! 2#$! #3! VL2$)!

P&#)#2.20! )$(! *$OL145$5$! V,&5$! B,&(*.! V1,&/#,)! $&&$#145$! $#)$! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5! +,)!

FMGGcMFKHH\.

"#$!#3!Q665.*!*$?&Y(146#14$&$!R.&#.)5$!2$&!V14Y&:$?$014&$#?()*!E#&2!#)!V14Y&:$*&.2$)!

.)*$*$?$)M!"#$!V14Y&:$*&.2$!&$#14$)!+,)!G!a)#145!014.&:b!?#0!HGnn!a$95&$3!014.&:bM!

X3! Q66*$3$#)$)! #05! .?$&! O(! ?$.145$)A! 2.00! .(14! #))$&4.6?! 2$&! *6$#14$)! V,&5$! 2#$!

V14Y&:$*&.2$! 0$4&! ()5$&014#$26#14! 0$#)! '=))$)M! 80! ',335! )Y36#14! 2(&14.(0! .(:! 2#$!

Q)?.(?$2#)*()*$)! 2$&! -4#6#0! .)M! %$))! 3.)! ?$#0/#$60E$#0$! $#)$! [:6.)O$! ?$#! 05.&'$&!

V,))$)$#)05&.46()*!()5$&!%.00$&3.)*$6!,2$&!.)2$&$)!V5&$00:.'5,&$)!6$#2$)!6Y005A!'.))!

2#$0!$#)$!8&4=4()*!2$0!-./0.#1#)7Q)5$#60!#)!2$)!>&L145$)!O(&!>,6*$!4.?$)HIM!

8#)!;$#0/#$6!2.:L&!#05A!2.00!3.)!4Y(:#*!O(!$#)$&!-4#6#0,&5$!0$4&!()5$&014#$26#14$!Q)*.?$)!

:#)2$5M! V,! E#&2! 2#$! V,&5$! U,1,5,A! E$614$! .(:! 2$&! X)5$&)$50$#5$! 455/dhhEEEM1,2$7

').1'$&M2$h14#6#M453!3#5!JGMGGG!?#0!IJMGGG!V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)!.)*$*$?$)!E#&2A!.(:!2$)!

V$#5$)! 455/dhhEEEM4,57/.#)M2$h014.$&:$0'.6.! ()2! 455/dhhEEEM$4,EM1,3!

h6#05iIZ\K]\ci5,/7HG74,55$05714#6#7/$//$&0M4536!4#)*$*$)!3#5!$#)$&!V14Y&:$!+,)!?#0! O(!

KJGMGGG! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)! ?$014&#$?$)A! E.0! 3$4&! .60! 2.0! +#$&:.14$! #05M! "#$0$!

T)5$&014#$2$! 0#)2! E.4&014$#)6#14! .(:! 2#$! ,?$)! ?$014&#$?$)$)! +$&014#$2$)$)!

Q)?.(?$2#)*()*$)!O(&L1'O(:L4&$)M!

!

X)!2$&!P.?$66$!H!0#)2!+#$6$!2$&!#3!@.)2$6!$&4Y656#14$)!-4#6#0!3#5!#4&$)!2(&14014)#556#14$)!

V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)!0,E#$!2$)!2.O(*$4=&#*$)!V14Y&:$*&.2$)!.)*$*$?$)M!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!HJ!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h?&$))7,73$5$&M/4/!H\!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h/,050h5&#)#2.2701,&/#,)7+.&#.)5$7').1'572#$7F73#66#,)$)704(7*&$)O$7ZcM/4/!HI!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h?&$))7,73$5$&M/4/!

!

! HK!

Scoville

-Einh.

Chili-Sorten Hot Sauces etc. Schärfe

grad

Pepper

world-

Bewer-

tung

mehr als

500.000

Bhut Jolokia, Naga,

Bih Jolokia, Jolokia,

Naga Morich,

Trinidad Scorpion

Capsicum-Extrakt

10+

10 extrem

scharf

100.000 -

500.000

Habanero, Scotch

Bonnet,

Caribbean Red, Red

Savina, Hot Paper

Lantern, Fatalii.

Afrikanische Birdeye.

Vicious Vampire (Hot

Sauce/Gewürz)

Dave's Ghost Pepper Private

Reserve

Jolokia-Püree "90%" Lava

Jolokia Sauce

50.000 -

100.000

Chiltepin

Santaka, Rocoto,

Tabasco, Malagueta,

Lugalah

Dave's Total Insanity Sauce,

Raw Heat, Pain 100%, Holy

Sh*t!, Baboon Ass Gone

Rabid, Crazy Jerry's Brain

Damage, Pure Arson Hot

Sauce

9

30.000 -

50.000

Thai, Piquin, lange

Cayenne-

Schoten, scharfe

kalabr. Peperoncini

("Diavolini")

Melinda's Red Savina, Dave's

Insanity Salsa,Cremapic Extra

scharfes Chili-Püree 8

Sehr

scharf 15.000 -

30.000

Chile de Arbol, Hot

Jalapeño, NuMex

Barker, Hot Lemon

Lottie's Yellow, Hot Tar,

Hottie's, Mad Anthony´s,

Dave´s Hurtin´

Habanero, Melinda's Scotch

Bonnet Sauce

7

5000 -

15.000

Frühe Jalapeño, Aji

Amarillo, Serrano,

Aleppo Chipotle, Las

Cruces Cayenne

Brother Bru-Bru's, Pain is

Good #37, Lethal Gator,

Baboon Ass Habanero,

Melinda´s Chipotle

6

2500 -

5000

TAM Mild Jalapeño,

Mirasol; diverse

große dicke

Tabasco® Soße (rot), Panola

Gourmet Pepper Sauce, Ring

of Fire X-Hot Habanero, 5

scharf

!

! HZ!

Cayenne-Schoten Cholula, Joe Perry's Mango

Peach Tango, Boneyard Brew,

Pain is Good Sauce #218,

Melinda's Garlic

1500 -

2500

Pimenton de la Vera,

(hot) , Sandia,

Cascabel, Yellow

Wax Hot, Kashmir,

Piment d'Espelette

Portugiesische Piri-Piri Garlic

Hot Sauce, Crystal®,

Lynchburg Habanero, Sugo

Habanero, El Chipotle Smoked

Tomato, Pepperworld's Bisige

Bärchen

4

1.000 -

1500

Ancho, Pasilla,

Española

Improved, Jalapeño

NuMex Primavera

Melinda's Mango, Marie

Sharp's, Pain is Good Sauce

#164: Honey Cayenne, Quinta

d'Avo Piri-Piri Lemon Hot

Sauce, Vincotto al

Peperoncino

3

Mild bis

mittelsc

harf

500 - 1000 NuMex Big Jim,

NuMex 6-4, Piquillo

Caribbean Gold Apricot Ginger

Glaze, viele milde New

Mexican- Chilipulver-Sorten,

Chill Bill Chili-Kakao

2

100 - 500

NuMex R-Naky,

Mexi-Bell, Cherry

mild; grüne Chilis in

der Dose, scharfe

ungarische Paprika,

Pimenton de la Vera,

(dulce, mild)

Diverse Supermarkt

"Hot" Sauces

1

10 - 100

Blassgrüne

Peperoncini (Italien,

Türkei) Carmen,

NuMex Suave

Red/Orange

Diverse

Supermarkt

"Hot" Sauce

0 Gemüsepaprika,

Pimiento, Sweet

Banana Chilis

0 Nicht

scharf

Tabelle 1: Verschiedene Chilisorten geordnet nach ihrem Schärfegrad18

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!H]!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h?&$))7,73$5$&M/4/!

!

! HJ!

"#$! >&.*$!E.&! )()!E.&(3! 2#$! ;$014&$#?()*! 2$&! V14Y&:$! 2(&14! V14Y&:$*&.2$! ?$#! HGn!

.(:4=&5M!"#$!`=0()*!2#$0$0!UY50$6!:#)2$5!3.)!.(:!2$&!X)5$&)$50$#5$!EEEM/$//$&E,&62M2$A!

E,!$&'6Y&5!E#&2A!2.00!0/Y5$05$)0!.?!2$3!V14Y&:$*&.2!HGn!2.0!V14Y&:$$3/:#)2$)!#)!2#$

VY55#*()*!*$45HcA!2M4M!2.00!0,!*(5!E#$!.66$!%Y&3$&$O$/5,&$)!?$0$5O5!0#)2M!Q60!R$&*6$#14!

'.))! 3.)! 0#14! +,&05$66$)A! 2.00! $0! +,3! V143$&O$3/:#)2$)! 4$&! '.(3! ),14!

$#)$)!! T)5$&014#$2!3.145A! ,?!3.)! 2$)! >#)*$&! #)! $#)$! KGGo-! <$&O$):6.33$! ,2$&! $#)$!

]GGo-!C.0:6.33$!4.65$)!EL&2$FGM

!

!

FMJ!R$&014#$2$)$!R$&E$)2()*0OE$1'$!

FMJMH!R$&E$)2()*!.60!^.4&()*03#55$6!

-4#6#0!E$&2$)!3#556$&E$#6$!:.05!L?$&.66!.(:!2$&!%$65!.60!^.4&()*03#55$6!*$*$00$)M!".0!#05!

+,&!.66$3!#)!2$)!EY&3$&$)!P$#6$)!()0$&$&!8&2$!2$&!>.66M!"$&!C&()2!2.:L&!'=))5$!0$#)A!

2.00!2(&14!2.0![4Y),3$)!2$&!@#5O$5Y(014()*!2$0!-./0.#1#)0!+,3!3$)0146#14$)!<=&/$&!

V14E$#00!*$?#62$5!E#&2A!E$614$&!$#)$!*$0.354.:5$!Q?'L46()*!.(:!2$&!@.(5,?$&:6Y14$!O(&!

>,6*$!4.5A!E.0!E#$2$&(3!.60!.)*$)$43!$3/:()2$)!E#&2FHM!!

!

Q60!E$#5$&$)!C&()2!:L&!2#$!4Y(:#*$!R$&E$)2()*!+,)!-4#6#0! #)!5&,/#014$)!`Y)2$&)!E#&2!

.66$&2#)*0! .(14! .)*$*$?$)A! 2.00! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! .(:*&()2! 0$#)$&! .)5#?.'5$&#$66$)! ()2!

:()*#O#2$)!%#&'()*! 2#$! V/$#0$)! 6Y)*$&! :&#014! 4Y65FFM! ".! *$&.2$! #)! 2#$0$)! `Y)2$&)! 2#$!

;.'5$&#$)+#$6:.65!0$4&!*&,00! #05!()2!2(&14!2#$!4,4$)!P$3/$&.5(&$)!2#$!;.'5$&#$)!),14!

014)$66$&! E.140$)A! 0#)2! -4#6#0! $#)$! *(5$! B=*6#14'$#5! (3! 2#$! @.65?.&'$#50O$#5$)! O(!

+$&6Y)*$&)M! ".O(! $9#05#$&5! $#)! /.00$)2$0! V/&#14E,&5A! E$614$0! ?$0.*5! pe$! EY&3$&! 2.0!

<6#3.A!2$05,!014Y&:$&!2.0!800$)qFKM!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Hc!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h?&$))7,73$5$&M/4/!FG!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h?&$))7,73$5$&M/4/!FH!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h[./&#'.jR$&E$)2()*!FF455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#hC$0143.1'6#14$iV14Y&:$jC&M-KM;-)2$i:M-KM;-&i2.0i800$)i014.&:$&iV/$#0$)!FK!455/dhhEEEM.014(6O$M)$5h14#6#h#)2$9M453!

!

! H\!

!Q??MJd!>&#014$!-4#6#0A!0$&+#$&5!O(!-4#6#!1,)!-.&)$A!$#)!5D/#014$0!C$&#145!.(0!VL2.3$&#'.!

!

!

FMJMF!R$&E$)2()*!#)!2$&!B$2#O#)!!

X)! 2$&! B$2#O#)! E#&2! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! .(:*&()2! 0$#)$&! ?$0,)2$&$)! 14$3#014$)!

8#*$)014.:5$)! *$)(5O5A! (3! ?$#0/#$60E$#0$! .)! ?$05#335$)! <=&/$&05$66$)! 2#$!

"(&14?6(5()*! O(! :=&2$&)! ()2! 0,! V143$&O$)! O(! 6#)2$&)M! 80! '.))! 0,E,46! #))$&6#14! .60!

.(14! Y(00$&6#14! .)*$E$)2$5! E$&2$)M! V,! $9#05#$&$)! -./0.#1#)74.65#*$! B$2#'.3$)5$!!

*$*$)!p^$&+$)0143$&O$)!aOM;M!/,054$&/$5#014$!,2$&!2#.?$5#014$!^$(&.6*#$bA!C$6$)'7!()2!

B(0'$60143$&O$)A! ^.1'$)+$&0/.))()*$)A! &4$(3.5#014$)! ;$014E$&2$)A! ?$#! ;&$))$)!

2$&!B()20146$#34.(5A!?$#!<,/:0143$&O$)A!?$#![.&Y054$0#$)A!?$#!.66$&*#014$)!V14)(/:$)A!

?$#! e(1'&$#O! ()2! ?$#! V14(//$):6$145$qFZM! R#$6$&,&50! ?$'.))5! 0#)2! -./0.#1#)7-&$3$0!

a0#$4$! Q??M! \b! ()2! 0,*$).))5$! pQ;-7[:6.05$&q! ?OEM! p%Y&3$/:6.05$&q! a0#$4$! Q??M! Ib!!

E$614$! k! E#$! 2$&! ^.3$! 014,)! O(! +$&&.5$)! +$&3.*! 7! 2#$! $)50/&$14$)2$! <=&/$&05$66$!

EY&3$)!()2!2#$!V143$&O$)!3Y00#*$)!0,66$)FJM!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!FZ!455/dhhEEEM/4.&3.E#'#M14hE#'#h#)2$9M/4/rE#'#s-./0.#1#)!FJ!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*$0()24$#5h3$2#O#)M/4/!

!

! HI!

!

!

!

Q??M\d!-./0.#1#)7-&$3$!3#5!GAGFJm!-./0.#1#)F\!

!

!

!

!

!

Q??MId!-./0.#1#)7[:6.05$&!3#5!]m!-./0.#1#)FI!

!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F\!455/dhhEEEM+.6$,/4.&3.M1,3h1(05,3$&i:#6$0h1.5.6,*h1./0.#1#)FJi?#*MS/*rsts!FI!455/dhh.6$9.)2&.76#:$E#542#*)#5DM?6,*0/,5M14hFGHFhG]hl(5$)O.M4536!

!

! H]!

FMJMK!%$#5$&$!R$&E$)2()*$)!

"#$! 2(&14?6(5()*0:=&2$&)2$!%#&'()*! +,)! -./0.#1#)! :#)2$5! )#145! )(&! ?$#3! B$)014$)!

R$&E$)2()*M! X3! [:$&2$0/,&5! E#&2! $0! ()$&6.(?5$&E$#0$! )Y36#14! ()5$&! .)2$&$3! 2.O(!

*$)(5O5A!(3!$#)$!`$#05()*005$#*$&()*!?$#!%$55'.3/:7[:$&2$)!O(!$&&$#14$)M!"$&!NE$1'!

4#$&?$#! #05A! 2.00! 2#$! [:$&2$! O(3! $#)$)! 6$#05()*0:Y4#*$&! ()2! O(3! .)2$&$)!

0143$&O$3/:#)26#14$&! *$3.145!E$&2$)M! ".! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! $#)$! 05Y&'$&$! "(&14?6(5()*!

O(&! >,6*$! 4.5A! E#&2! ! )$?$)! $#)$3! $&4=45$)! V.($&05,::5&.)0/,&5! .(14! 2#$! V$)0#?#6#5Y5h!

83/:#)26#14'$#5!2$&![:$&2$!*$05$#*$&5M!".2(&14!E#&2!4.(/50Y146#14!#)!2$&!"#0O#/6#)!2$0!

V/&#)*&$#5$)0! $#)! V5$#*$&()*! 2$&! V/&()*4=4$)! $&&$#145A! 2.! 2#$! [:$&2$! ?$#3! ;$&L4&$)!

2$&!@,6O6.55$)!*&=00$&$!V143$&O$)!$&6$#2$)M!"#$0$0! 0,*$).))5$! p[:$&2$2,/#)*q!E(&2$!

?$#0/#$6E$#0$! ?$#! 2$)! W6D3/#014$)! V/#$6$)! FGG]! .(:*$2$1'5A! .60! 3#)2$05$)0! ?$#! +#$&!

[:$&2$)! -./0.#1#)! .60! ",/#)*05,::! ).14*$E#$0$)!E(&2$F]M! "#$! P$#6)$43$&A! 2#$! 2#$0! O(!

+$&.)5E,&5$)!4.55$)A!!E(&2$)!2.))!+,)!2$)!V/#$6$)!.(0*$0146,00$)M!

!

!

FM\!8#):6(00!2$0!-./0.#1#)0!.(:!2#$!;.'5$&#$):6,&.!2$0!B$)014$)!

8#)$! #)5$&$00.)5$! _?$&6$*()*! E.&! )()! 2#$! >&.*$A! ,?! 3$2#O#)#014! $#)*$0$5O5$!

B$2#'.3$)5$!3#5! -./0.#1#)! $#)$! Q(0E#&'()*! a0,O(0.*$)! $#)$!^$?$)E#&'()*b! .(:! 2#$!

;.'5$&#$):6,&.! 2$0!3$)0146#14$)!<=&/$&0! 4Y55$)M!"#$0$! X2$$! +$&?#)2$5! O(3! $#)$)! 2$)!

>.'5A!2.00!-./0.#1#)!?$#!V/$#0$)!.)5#?.'5$&#$66!E#&'5!()2!O(3!.)2$&$)A!2.00!#3!()2!.3!

B$)014$)!-./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$!.)*$E$)2$5!E$&2$)M!!

"$&! B$)014! 5&Y*5! 3$4&! .60! OE$#! <#6,*&.33! ;.'5$&#$)! .(:! ()2! #)! 0#14M! "#$! N.46! 2$&!

;.'5$&#$)! #05! 2.3#5! (3! $#)! N$4):.14$0! 4=4$&! .60! 2#$! N.46! 2$&! N$66$)! 2$0! $#*$)$)!

<=&/$&0FcM! Q66$#)! 2#$0$! Q)*.?$)! *$)L*$)! (3! O(! $&&.5$)A! 2.00! 2#$! ;.'5$&#$)! )#145!

(30,)05! .(:!2$3!3$)0146#14$)!<=&/$&! 6$?$)M!W4)$!2#$0$!;.'5$&#$)!EY&$!2$&!B$)014!

3=*6#14$&E$#0$!)#145!$#)3.6!.(:!2#$!*6$#14$!Q&5!()2!%$#0$!6$?$)0:Y4#*M!!

"$04.6?! 0#)2! V(?05.)O$)A! E$614$! .)5#?.'5$&#$66! E#&'$)A! /,5$)5#$66! 0146$145! :L&! 2$)!

B$)014$)A!$0!0$#!2$))!0#$!2#$)$)!2$&!;$'Y3/:()*!+,)!/.54,*$)$)!;.'5$&#$)M!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F]!455/dhhEEEM01#$)1$?6,*0M2$h)$(&,)0hFGG]hG]h1,05$&76#$?57$07014.&:70/&#)*&$#5$&714&#05#.)7.46$3.))7).1471./0.#1#)7?$:()27+,)7,6D3/#.70(0/$)2#$&5M/4/!Fc!455/dhhEEEM.&5#'$63.*.O#)M2$h*$0()24$#5h2$&73$)0147()270$#)$7?.'5$&#$)M4536!

!

! Hc!

N(! 2$)! ,?$)05$4$)2$)! _?$&6$*()*! E(&2$)! OE.&! '$#)$! 2#&$'5$)! 014,)! ?$05$4$)2$)!

E#00$)014.:56#14$)!",'(3$)5.5#,)$)!*$:()2$)A!.66$&2#)*0!E(&2$)!0,E,46!V5(2#$)!L?$&!

$#)$! +$&6Y)*$&5$! @.65?.&'$#5! +,)! `$?$)03#55$6)! 2(&14! -./0.#1#)A! ?$#! E$614$)! 2#$!

@.65?.&'$#5!+,)!U#)2:6$#0147[6Y5O14$)!+,)!Z!.(:!H\!P.*$!2(&14!-.D$))$7[(6+$&!$&4=45!

E$&2$)!',))5$KGA!.60!.(14![(?6#'.5#,)$)!L?$&!2#$!%#&'()*!+,)!-./0.#1#)!.(:!$#)#*$!2$)!

B$)014$)!?$0#$2$6)2$)!;.'5$&#$)!*$:()2$)M!

"#$! [(?6#'.5#,)! 2$&! 5L&'#014$)! >,&014$&! >.2#6$! u#62#O! N$D&$'! ()2! 86#:! W*(O! L?$&! 2#$!

%#&'()*! +,)! -./0.#1#)! .(:! 2.0! #3! 3$)0146#14$)! R$&2.(()*05&.'5! +,&',33$)2$!

;.'5$&#(3! :7&'$%+2$,79# 3;&%9'! E(&2$! *$)(5O5! (3! UL1'0146L00$! :L&! 2$)! Q(:?.(! 2$0!

/&.'5#014$)! P$#60! 2#$0$&! Q&?$#5! O(! $&4.65$)M! "#$! R$&0(14$! 2$&! ?$014&#$?$)$)! Q&?$#5!

E.&$)! 0,! .(:*$?.(5A! 2.00! H\! +$&014#$2$)$! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! +,)! :"# 3;&%9'! #)!

>6L00#*'(65(&$)!.(:! 0$140!-./0.#1#)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! aFJ!v*h36A!JG!v*h36A!HGG!v*h36A!

HJG!v*h36A!FGG!v*h36b!0,E#$!$#)$!<,)5&,66$!,4)$!N(0.5O!()2!$#)$!<,)5&,66$!:L&!2.0!#)!

0$#)$3! >.66! +$&E$)2$5$! `=0()*03#55$6! "BVW! *$5$05$5! E(&2$)M! ".0! %.1405(3! 2$&!

;.'5$&#$)!E(&2$!.)!+#$&!+$&014#$2$)$)!N$#5/()'5$)!aG!4A!F!4A!Z!4A!\!4b!*$3$00$)KHM!

>L&! 2#$! R$&0(14$! 3$#)$&! Q&?$#5! 4.?$! #14! 3#14! 2$0E$*$)! .)! 2#$0$&! [(?6#'.5#,)!

,&#$)5#$&5M! ".! #)! 2$&! [(?6#'.5#,)! 2#$! $&05$! $&'$))?.&$! %#&'()*! .(:! 2.0!

;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! ?$#! FJ! v*h36! aE$614$! .(14! *6$#14O$#5#*! 2#$! '6$#)05$! +$&E$)2$5$!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)! 2.&05$665$b! ()2! 2#$! 3.9#3.6$! %#&'()*! ?$#! JG! v*h36! .(:5&.5A! 4.?$! #14!

3#14A!).14!Q?0/&.14$!3#5!"&M!W140$)&$#5$&! .)!2$&!T)#+$&0#5Y5!;$&)!2.:L&! $)5014#$2$)!

:,6*$)2$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!O(!+$&E$)2$)d!!

!

J!v*h36A!FJ!v*h36A!ZG!v*h36A!JG!v*h36A!FJG!v*h36!

!

V,! E(&2$! 2$&! ;$&$#14A! #)! 2$3! $#)$! ! @$33()*0E#&'()*! $&E.&5$5! E(&2$A! .3! ?$05$)!

.?*$2$1'5M! NE#014$)! JG! ()2! FJG! v*h36! E(&2$)! '$#)$! E$#5$&$)! <,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!

*$EY465A! E$#6! 2#$! B$)*$! .)! +$&:L*?.&$)! -./0.#1#)! ?$*&$)O5! E.&M! N(3! R$&*6$#14! O(3!

;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! ()5$&! -./0.#1#)78#):6(00! 0,665$! $#)$! ^$*.5#+',)5&,66$!

a;.'5$&#$)3$2#(3! ,4)$! N(0.5Ob! ()2! $#)$! <,)5&,66$! 3#5! 2$&! 3.9#3.6! +$&E$)2$5$)!

B$)*$!2$0!`=0()*03#55$60!3#5*$:L4&5!E$&2$)M!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!KG!455/dhh,)6#)$6#?&.&DME#6$DM1,3h2,#hHGMHGGFhS0:.MHFc]h.?05&.15!KH!455/dhhEEEM.))3#1&,M()#3#M#5h:(66hJJhO$D&$'iJJiHFJ7HFIM/2:!

!

! FG!

!

!

K!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!#)!>6L00#*'(65(&$)!?$#!+$&014#$2$)$)!-./0.#1#)7!()2!-4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!!!!KMH!R,&+$&0(14$!()2!R$&0(140+,&?$&$#5()*$)!!KMHMH!@$&05$66()*!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!

;$#!2$&!@$&05$66()*!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!*#)*!$0!2.&(3A!3#5!L?$&014.(?.&$3!Q(:E.)2!$#)$!

V(?05.)O! 3#5! 3=*6#1405! 4,4$3! -./0.#1#)7Q)5$#6! O(! $&4.65$)! aQ(0*.)*005,::! 2$0!

R$&0(140A! 0#$4$! Q??Mcf! [&,2('5! 2$0! R$&0(140A! 0#$4$! Q??M! HGbM! ".! 2#$0$&! P$#6! .60!

R,&?$&$#5()*!()2!)#145! .60! $#*$)56#14$&!R$&0(14!2$&!/&.'5#014$)!Q&?$#5! .)O(0$4$)! #05A!

E(&2$!$&!)(&!*&,?!?$014&#$?$)!()2!)#145!#)!2$)!U$0(65.5$7P$#6!.(:*$),33$)M!!

!

N#$6! 2$0! R$&0(140!E.&! $0A! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! .(0! 2$)! 0$6?05! *$OL145$5$)! ()2! *$5&,1')$5$)!

-4#6#0!O(!6=0$)M!80!E(&2$)!4.(/50Y146#14!0$4&!014.&:$!-4#6#0!+$&E$)2$5!aT)5$&!.)2$&$3!

1.M!JGm!;4(5!e,6,'#.A!E$614$!O(!2#$0$3!N$#5/()'5!),14!.60!2#$!014Y&:05$!-4#6#!2$&!%$65!

*.65bM!

".! -./0.#1#)! )#145! E.00$&6=06#14! #05A! E(&2$! .60! `=0()*03#55$6! 854.),6! +$&E$)2$5M! 80!

E(&2$! #)!<.(:! *$),33$)A! 2.00! )$?$)!2$3!-./0.#1#)! .(14! .)2$&$! #)!854.),6! 6=06#14$!

V5,::$!#)!2.0![&,2('5!3#5!$#):6#$00$)!EL&2$)M!

!

".0![&#)O#/!2$0!R$&0(14!E.&!$0A!O($&05!2.0!-./0.#1#)!3#55$60!854.),6!.(0!2$)!-4#6#0!O(!

6=0$)A! (3! 2.))! .)0146#$00$)2! 2.0! 854.),6! E#$2$&! O(! +$&2.3/:$)A! 0,! 2.00! 3.)! $#)$!

V5$#*$&()*! 2$&! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)! $&4.65$)!EL&2$M! Q60! ;.0#0! 2$0! R$&0(140! '.))!

2#$! Q)6$#5()*! :L&! $#)! -4#6#7895&.'5! .(:! 2$&! X)5$&)$50$#5$! EEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3!

.)*$0$4$)!E$&2$)KFM!e$2,14!E(&2$!O#$36#14!05.&'!+,)!2#$0$&!Q)6$#5()*!.?*$E#14$)A!2.!

.60!?$0,)2$&$!B$54,2$!2.0!V,946$557R$&:.4&$)!.)*$E.)25!E(&2$!aQ(:?.(!0#$4$!Q??M!]bM!

"#$0$0!R$&:.4&$)!$&6.(?5!$0!?$0,)2$&0!*(5!6=06#14$!V5,::$!.(0!>$0505,::$)!O(!$95&.4#$&$)M!

".0![&#)O#/!?$&(45!2.&.(:A!2.00!2$3!-4#6#7895&.'5!05Y)2#*!$&4#5O5$0!854.),6!O(*$:L4&5!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!KF!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h'(6#).&#014Fh14#6#7$95&.'5M/4/!

!

! FH!

!Q??M!]d!V,946$557Q//$&.5(&!3#5!-4#6#7854.),67C$3#014!

!

! FF!

!! !Q??Mcd!Q(0*.)*005,::d!C$3.46$)$!-4#6#0! ! Q??MHGd![&,2('5d!OY4:6L00#*$&!-4#6#7895&.'5!

!

E#&2M!".&#)!6=05!0#14!2.0!-./0.#1#)!()2!:6#$005!#)!2$)!<,6?$)!O(&L1'M!"(&14!$#)$!05Y)2#*$!

%#$2$&4,6()*! 2$0! R,&*.)*$0! '.))! 0,! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! :.05! l(.)5#5.5#+! .(0! 2$)! -4#6#0!

*$E,))$)!E$&2$)M!Q)0146#$00$)2!3(00!2.))!2$&!<,6?$)!+,3!V,946$557Q(:0.5O!*$5&$))5!

E$&2$)! ()2! $0! $&:,6*5! 2.0! 8#)2.3/:$)! 2$0! 854.),60A! (3! 2#$! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! 2$0!

-./0.#1#)0!O(!$&4=4$)M!

!

!

KMHMF!!_?$&:L4&()*!2$0!',33$&O#$66$)!-./0.#1#)0!0,E#$!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!#)!`=0()*!

T3!2#$!P$050!3#5!2$)!+$&014#$2$)$)!-./0.#1#)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!#)!2$)!>6L00#*'(65(&$)!

3.14$)! O(! '=))$)A! 3(005$! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! +,&4$&! #)! $#)$3! *$$#*)$5$)! `=0()*03#55$6!

*$6=05! E$&2$)M! -./0.#1#)! #05! )#145! E.00$&6=06#14A! 2$04.6?! 3(005$! $0! $)5E$2$&! E#$! #3!

$&EY4)5$)! R$&0(14! #)! "BVW! ,2$&! #)! 854.),6! *$6=05! E$&2$)A! 2.! 2#$0! 2#$! ?$#2$)!

).4$6#$*$)205$)! ,&*.)#014$)! `=0()*03#55$6! E.&$)M! ^.14! Q?0/&.14$! 3#5! @$&&)! "&M!

W140$)&$#5$&! E(&2$! ?$#! 2$3! R$&0(14! 854.),6! +$&E$)2$5A! 2.! 2#$0$&! ?#0! O(! $#)$&!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)!+,)!()*$:Y4&!Hm!'$#)$)!*&,00$)!8::$'5!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!4.5!

()2!0,3#5!*$$#*)$5!:L&!2$)!R$&0(14!E.&M!V,E,46!2.0!',33$&O#$66!$&E,&?$)$!-./0.#1#)!

a+,)!2$&!>#&3.!V#*3.b!.60!.(14!2.0!-4#6#7895&.'5!E.&$)!*(5!2.&#)!6=06#14M!

!

! FK!

!

KMHMK!R$&E$)2$5$!;.'5$&#$)!

>L&!2$)!R$&0(14!0,665$)!+$&014#$2$)$!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$!+$&E$)2$5!E$&2$)M!"#$!V5Y33$!

(2$'&&*)# )*+,'&')! ()2! !)$679'$6'2# $%&'! ;6! FH! 05.335$)! .(0! 2$3! `.?,&?$05.)2! 2$&! T)#!

;$&)M! N(0Y5O6#14! E(&2$)! $#)#*$! ;.'5$&#$)! 2$&! $#*$)$)! <=&/$&:6,&.! +$&014#$2$)$&!

<=&/$&/.&5#$)! #0,6#$&5!()2!.(:*$&$#)#*5M!"#$! X0,6#$&()*!()2!Q(:&$#)#*()*!E(&2$!.)!2$&!

T)#+$&0#5Y5!;$&)!()5$&!Q)6$#5()*!+,)!@$&&)!"&M!W140$)&$#5$&!2(&14*$:L4&5M!

!

Q66$! ;.'5$&#$)7%.1405(30+$&0(14$! 0,665$)! 3#5! >6L00#*'(65(&$)! 2(&14*$:L4&5! E$&2$)M!

".!0#14!.?$&!.66$!V5Y33$!.(:!^Y4&?=2$)!?$:.)2$)A!3(005$!O()Y1405!*$/&L:5!E$&2$)A!,?!

2#$! $#)O$6)$)! V5Y33$! L?$&4.(/5! #)! >6L00#*3$2#$)!E.140$)! ',))5$)M! @#$&:L&!E(&2$)!

2#$!;.'5$&#$)!3#5!$#)$&! X3/:=0$!+,)!2$)!^Y4&?=2$)! #)!2#$!>6L00#*'(65(&!$)54.65$)2$)!

U=4&14$)!*$*$?$)M!Q60!>6L00#*'(65(&7B$2#(3!E(&2$!`;!a6D0,*$)D!?&,54b!+$&E$)2$5M!

Q66$! <(65(&$)! E(&2$)! ?$#! KIo-! ()2! FGG! T32&$4()*$)! /&,! B#)(5$! #)! $#)$)!

`.?,&014L556$&!*$05$665M!".!.66$!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$!$#)!*(5$0!%.1405(3!#3!>6L00#*3$2#(3!

O$#*5$)A!',))5$)!0#$!:L&!2$)!-./0.#1#)7R$&0(14!$#)*$0$5O5!E$&2$)M!;$#!2$)!$#*$)05Y)2#*!

#0,6#$&5$)! ()2! '6,)#$&5$)! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$)! E(&2$! 0#14! :L&! 2.0! ;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5! 2$&!

W4&$)! $)5014#$2$)A! 2.! 2,&5! 2.0! ?$05$! %.1405(3! 05.55*$:()2$)! 4.55$M! "$3! ^.3$)!

;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!2$&!W4&$)!0$#!),14!OE$#$&6$#!?$#O(:L*$)M!"$&!^.3$!?$014&$#?5!OE.&!2$)!

(&0/&L)*6#14$)! Q?05.33()*0,&5A! E.0! .66$&2#)*0! )#145! ?$2$(5$5A! 2.00! 2#$0$&!

;.'5$&#$)05.33!)(&! #)!2$&!^Y4$!2$&!W4&$)!+,&',335A! 0,)2$&)!3=*6#14$&E$#0$! .(14!

L?$&!E$#5$&$!P$#6$!2$0!<=&/$&0!+$&?&$#5$5!#05M!!

!

!

KMF!P$05&$#4$!

KMFMH!8&05$66()*!$#)$&!%.1405(30'(&+$!!

"#$! B$00()*$)! 2$&! W"! a,/5#014$! "#145$b! 2$&! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! E(&2$!3#54#6:$! $#)$0!

[4,5,3$5$&0! *$3.145M! V,! ',))5$! 2.0!%.1405(3! 2$&! O(! ()5$&0(14$)2$)! ;.'5$&#$)! #)!

Q?4Y)*#*'$#5!2$&!N$#5!*$3$00$)!E$&2$)M!!

".! $#)! 6#)$.&$&! N(0.33$)4.)*! +,)! ;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! ()2! *$3$00$)$&! ,/5#014$&!

"#145$!aW"b!)(&!:L&!2#$!W"7%$&5$!GAGH!?#0!GA]!?$05$45A!3(005$!2#$!B$)*$!.)!S$E$#6#*$&!

!

! FZ!

>6L00#*'(65(&A! E$614$! 3.)! #)! 2#$! U=4&14$)! 3#5! 2$)! +$&014#$2$)$)! -./0.#1#)7

',)O$)5&.5#,)$)!*.?A!3=*6#1405!).4!.)!$#)$3!W"7%$&5!+,)!GMGH!6#$*$)M!

".:L&! E(&2$! O($&05! 2#$! W"! 2$0! &$#)$)! ^Y4&3$2#(30! `;! ,4)$! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! .(:!

^(66! 5.&#$&5A! 2.))! S$E$#60! 2#$! W"! 2$&! $#)O$6)$)! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! *$3$00$)! ()2!

.)0146#$00$)2! ?$&$14)$5! E$614$! B$)*$! 2$&! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! ()*$:Y4&! .)*$#3/:5!

E$&2$)!3(005$A!2.3#5!2$&!W"7%$&5!3=*6#1405!?$#!GAGH!6Y*$M!!

R,&E$*!0,66!4#$&!014,)!$&EY4)5!0$#)A!2.00!E$))!?$#!2$&!8&*$?)#03$00()*!$#)!W"7%$&5!

L?$&!GA]!$&&$#145!E(&2$A!2#$![&,?$!O($&05!+$&2L))5A!$&)$(5!*$3$00$)!()2!.)0146#$00$)2!

E#$2$&! $)50/&$14$)2! 4,14*$&$14)$5! E(&2$M! V,! E(&2$! +$&3#$2$)A! 2.00! +,3! 6#)$.&$)!

R$&4Y65)#0!+,)!W"!()2!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!OE#014$)!GAGH!()2!GA]!!.?*$E#14$)!E(&2$M!

!

KMFMF!R$&0(140.(:?.(!

-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!

X)! 2$&! :,6*$)2$)! P.?$66$! F! #05! ),14! $#)3.6! '(&O! +$&2$(56#145A! E$614$! -./0.#1#)7

<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!.(:!2#$!2&$#!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$!*$5$05$5!E(&2$)d!!

!

!"#$%&'%()$"**+

!"#$%&'(( !"#$%&'(()!*+,-+.)./'(!"#$%&'(( !"#$%&'(( !"#$%&'((

(012+/3&453/163&&7(!"&$%&'((( ( ( ( (

894:267/( ;<=( <=( >=( ;<( <( <=(!"#$%&'(8&(;?( ;<=( <=( >=( ;<( <( <=(("#)*+,'&')# ;<=( <=( >=( ;<( <( <=(!P.?$66$! Fd! _?$&0#145! 2$&! +$&E$)2$5$)! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! ?$#! 2$)! 2&$#! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$)f! ;X7W4&$)d! ;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5! .(0! 2$)! W4&$)M! "#$! 854.),67<,)5&,66$! E(&2$! :.6014! ?$&$14)$5d! JGv6h36!$)50/&$14$)!$#)$&!R$&2L))()*!+,)!HdFGA!$0!4Y55$!.?$&!$#)$!R$&2L))()*!+,)!HdFGG!0$#)!3L00$)!aJv6h36bM!!

-4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!

>,6*$)2$! -4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! E(&2$)! .(:! :,6*$)2$! OE$#! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$!

*$5$05$5M!Q(:*&()2!2$&!?$014&Y)'5$)!N$#5A!2#$!:L&!2#$!"(&14:L4&()*!2$&!89/$&#3$)5$!O(&!

R$&:L*()*!05.)2A!E(&2$!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!2$&!W4&$)!+$&O#145$5M!

!

!"#$%&'%()$"**+)!*2.&.40@16+A1'( )!*2.&.40@16+A1'( )!*2.&.40@16+A1'( 012+/3&A3/163&&7(

0B()3&.(8&(;?( ?C?==( ?C?===( ?C?====( ?C?==(8B(-DE1.&.-( ?C?==( ?C?===( ?C?====( ?C?==(

!P.?$66$!Kd!_?$&0#145!2$&!+$&E$)2$5$)!-4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!!?$#!2$)!OE$#!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$)!

!

! FJ!

KMK!!!R,&*$4$)!

"$)!\36!>6L00#*'(65(&!$)54.65$)2$)!R$&0(140&=4&14$)!E(&2$! S$E$#60!H!36! !>6L00#*'$#5!

$)5),33$)! ()2! #3![4,5,3$5$&! 2#$! ,/5#014$!"#145$! ?$05#335M! ".! )(&! $#)$! ?$*&$)O5$!

N.46! .)! <L+$55$)! +,&4.)2$)! E.&A! 3(005$! S$2$! <L+$55$! ).14! 2$3! C$?&.(14! 3#5!

2$05#66#$&5$3! %.00$&! .?*$E.014$)A! .(0*$014L55$65! ()2! O(&! P&,1')()*! .)! 2$&! `(:5!

.(:*$05$665!E$&2$)M! ! T3!2#$! N$#5! 2$&! ;$014&#:5()*! S$2$&! $#)O$6)$)!<L+$55$! S$E$#60! +,&!

2$3!B$00$)! O(! 0/.&$)A! E(&2$)! 2#$! U=4&14$)!3#5! 2$&! O(! ()5$&0(14$)2$)! >6L00#*'$#5!

#33$&!S$E$#60!)$?$)!2#$!<L+$55$!*$05$665A!E$614$!.)0146#$w$)2!3#5!H!36!2$&!>6L00#*'$#5!

2$0!?$).14?.&5$)!U=4&14$)0! *$:L665!E(&2$! aQ??M! HHbM!".3#5!E(&2$! .66$&2#)*0! #)!<.(:!

*$),33$)A! 2.00! 0#14! 2#$! U=4&14$)! :L&! $#)$)! '(&O$)! N$#5&.(3! .(w$&4.6?! 2$0!

`.?,&014L556$&0!?$:.)2$)M!

!Q??MHHd!<L+$55$)!()2!U=4&14$)!3#5!;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)!+,&?$&$#5$5!:L&!2#$!B$00()*!#3![4,5,3$5$&!

!

!

"#$!U=4&14$)!E(&2$)!2.))!?$#!

KIo-!()2!FGG!T32&$4()*$)!

/&,!B#)(5$!:L&!HAH\!V5()2$)!#)!

2$)!`.?,&014L556$&!*$05$665M!

^.14!2#$0$&!N$#5!E(&2$)!2#$!

U=4&14$)!E#$2$&!.(0!2$3!

`.?,&014L556$&!*$4,65M!".))!

E(&2$!2$&!,?$)!?$014&#$?$)$!

R,&*.)*!E#$2$&4,65M!"#$0!E(&2$!

#)0*$0.35!+#$&!3.6!*$3.145A!0,!

2.00!.3!8)2$!:L):!B$00/()'5$!

+,&4.)2$)!E.&$)M!

!

! F\!

ZM!U$0(65.5$!

ZMH!"#$!%#&'()*!+,)!-./0.#1#)!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!

ZMHMH!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!.(0!2$)!W4&$)!

9/-#7-+%1( F7.#1( -.)2( 2.76( 17/G7/F.7&&( 7./7( H3-.-4+E2I/#.#7( J7%%D/#( G7-(

8+A176.7/K+)2-1D%-(GD6)2(*+,-+.)./B(L&&76G./#-(.-1(/D6(E7.(G76(-1I6A-17/(53/F7/16+1.3/(!;<=(

"#$%&'( 7./7( GD6)2#I/#.#( G7D1&.)27( J7%%D/#( FD( E73E+)217/B( 8.-( FD%( >17/( M7--,D/A1(

KD6G7( +E76( +D)2( E7.( G7/( %.11&767/( 53/F7/16+1.3/7/( !<=N( >=N( ;<( "#$%&'( 7./( #76./#767-(

O+)2-1D%(+&-(E7.(7./76(53/F7/16+1.3/(P3/(<("#$%&(E73E+)2171B(H.7(012+/3&453/163&&7(A+//(

/.)21(+&-(Q76#&7.)2(G.7/7/N(G+(G.7(53/F7/16+1.3/(R+&-)2(!?=4R+)2(FD(23)2'(E767)2/71(KD6G7B(

H.7-76( S72&76( KD6G7( +D)2( E7.( G7/( +/G767/( E7.G7/( T7-167.27/( %.1( *+,-+.)./( #7%+)21B(

L&&76G./#-( 2I117( -.)2( G.7( 9/176,671+1.3/( G7-( 06#7E/.--7-( GD6)2( 7./7( A3667A17( 012+/3&4

53/163&&7( /.)21( K7-7/1&.)2( #7I/G761N( G+( 7./7( H3-.-4+E2I/#.#7( O+)2-1D%-27%%D/#( FD(

-727/( .-1B( O+26-)27./&.)2( KU6G7( 7./7( 8+A176.7/AD&1D6( %.1( A3667A176( 012+/3&453/163&&7(

I2/&.)2(P76&+DR7/(K.7(E7.(G76(<"#$%&(*+,-+.)./453/F7/16+1.3/B( S7-1FD2+&17/(E&7.E1(+&-3(G.7(

T7/G7/FN(G+--(*+,-+.)./(G+-(O+)2-1D%(G7-(8+A176.7/.-3&+17-(+D-(G7/(:267/(27%%7/(A+//B(

O+6D%(E7.(G76( RU/R17/(M7--D/#(RU6(<("#$%&(7./(-726(1.7R76(:H(O761(#7%7--7/(KD6G7N( .-1(

/.)21( A&+6B( V726(K+26-)27./&.)2( 2+/G7&1( 7-( -.)2( 2.76( D%(7./7/(M7--R72&76N( G7//(E7.( A7./76(

+/G767/(53/F7/16+1.3/(16.11(G.7-76(0RR7A1(7./B!

# ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( (+

,-."/)"','(0+ 1+2+ 3435+2+ 6476+2+ 7489+2+ 8458+2+

(<("#$%&( =B=?W( =B=X;( =BYZ<( ?B[W;( =B>X;(

(;<("#$%&( =B==W( =B=<W( =BZ;<( =BYX<( ?BX;(

(>=("#$%&( =B==W( =B=[<( =B>Y;( =BW<W( ?BY(

(<=("#$%&( =B=?( =B=WW( =B<YX( =BY;[( ;(

(;<=("#$%&( =B?Z[( =B?;[( =B;?X( =B>?<( =BX(

((

012+/3&(53/163&&7( =B==?( =B=[[( =B?ZX( =B<<<( ?B?>(!P.?$66$! Zd! B$00E$&5$! 2$&! W"! O(! +$&014#$2$)! N$#5/()'5$)! a4b! ?$#3! ;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5! 2$&! W4&$)M! 8#)$!R,&'(65(&! 2$&! ;.'5$&#$)! E(&2$! O(! 2$)! J! .)*$*$?$)$)! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! *$*$?$)! ()2! O(! J!+$&014#$2$)$)! N$#5/()'5$)! E(&2$! 2#$! ,/5#014$! "#145$! 2$&! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! *$3$00$)M! NE#014$)! 2$)!B$00()*$)!E(&2$)! 2#$! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! ?$#! KIo! -! #3! `.?,&014L556$&! '(65#+#$&5M!%$))! 2#$!B$00E$&5$!L?$&! W"d! GM]! 6.*$)A! E(&2$)! 2#$! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! +$&2L))5! ()2! ),14! $#)3.6! *$3$00$)M! "#$! %$&5$!E(&2$)! 2.))! $)50/&$14$)2! ?$&$14)$5! ()2! #)! 2#$! P.?$66$! $#)*$:L*5M! V,! ',))5$)! .(14! %$&5$! L?$&! GM]!.(:*$:L4&5!E$&2$)M!!

!

! FI!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MHFd!%.1405(30'(&+$)!+,3!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!2$&!W4&$)!?$#!+$&014#$2$)$)!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M!"$&! R$&0(140.(:?.(! $)50/&#145! 2$3! #)! P.?$66$! Z! ?$014&#$?$)$)! R,&*$4$)M! Q(:! 2$&! 97Q140$! #05! 2$&!N$#5+$&6.(:!.)*$*$?$)A!.(:!2$&!D7Q140$!2#$!W"M!!

!

!

ZMHMF!!"#$%&'#a;6!FHb!

"$)!`.?,&05.33!!"#$%&'#-(<#./0!014$#)$)!2.*$*$)!0$6?05!4,4$!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)!

)#145! #3!%.1405(3!O(!?$$#)5&Y145#*$)M!Q66$!%.1405(30'(&+$)!O$#*$)!$#)$)!Y4)6#14$)A!

:.05! $9/,)$)5#$66$)!R$&6.(:M! `$2#*6#14!?$#! 2$&!HG7:.14! O(!4,4$)!854.),67<,)O$)5&.5#,)!

O$#*5! 0#14! $#)$! *$E#00$! @$33E#&'()*! .(:! 2.0! ;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3M! Q?$&! .(14! ?$#!

2#$0$3! R$&0(14! 0/#$65! 2$&! Q(0:.66! 2$&! 854.),67<,)5&,66$! '$#)$! E$0$)56#14$! U,66$M! 80!

?$05Y5#*5!0#14!4#$&!0,*.&A!2.00!0$6?05!$#)$!HdFGG!R$&2L))()*!+,)!854.),6A!E#$!0#$!?$#!2$&!

FJG(*h36! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)! 4$&&0145A! '$#)$)! 8#):6(00! .(:! 2.0!

;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!4.5M!"$04.6?!'.))!.)*$),33$)!E$&2$)A!2.00!?$#!$#)$&!',&&$'5$)!

854.),67<,)5&,66$!$#)!Y4)6#14$&!R$&6.(:!2$0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(30!$#)*$5&$5$)!EY&$A!E#$!

?$#!.66$)!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M!

!

!

!

!

!

G!

GAJ!

H!

HAJ!

F!

FAJ!

G!4! HMH\!4! FMKF!4! KMZ]!4! ZM\Z!4!

J!v*h36!

FJ!v*h36!

ZG!v*h36!

JG!v*h36!

FJG!v*h36!

854.),6!<,)5&,66$!

!

! F]!

# ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( (

+,-."/)"','(0+ 1+2+ 3435+2+ 6476+2+ 7489+2+ 8458+2+

(<("#$%&( =B==;( =B=>;( =B<Z;( =BX;?( ?B<(

(;<("#$%&( =B==?( =B=[W( =B<><( =BXWW( ?B<;(

(>=("#$%&( =( =B=<?( =B<?>( =BXX<( ?BZX;(

(<=("#$%&( =( =B=<[( =BZ>[( =BYWW( ?BX;(

(;<=("#$%&( =B?;W( =B=Z?( =B>?>( =BW<( ?BZX(

( ( ( ( ( ( ((012+/3&(53/163&&7( =B==?( =B=?<( =B?( =B>=<( ?B;(

!P.?$66$!Jd!B$00E$&5$!2$&!W"! O(! +$&014#$2$)$)!N$#5/()'5$)! a4b! ?$#!8M! 1,6#! a;6! FHbM!"$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(!$)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!Z!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MHKd! %.1405(30'(&+$! +,)! !"# $%&'! a;6! FHb! ?$#! +$&014#$2$)$)! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M! "$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(!$)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!Z!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!Q(:!2$&!97Q140$!#05!2$&!N$#5+$&6.(:!.)*$*$?$)A!.(:!2$&!D7Q140$!2#$!W"M!!

!

ZMHMK!("#)*+,'&')#

H.7(O+)2-1D%-AD6P7/(P3/(("#)*+,'&')(K7.-7/(7./7/(-726(./1767--+/17/(Q76&+DR(+DRB(OI267/G(

G.7(/.7G6.#7/(D/G(%.11&767/(53/F7/16+1.3/7/(P3/(*+,-+.)./(A7./7/(0RR7A1(+DR(G+-(O+)2-1D%(

G76( 8+A176.7/( 2+E7/N( RU261( G.7( 2\)2-17( *+,-+.)./453/F7/16+1.3/( FD( 7./7%( P3&&-1I/G.#7/(

8&3)A(G7-(8+A176.7/K+)2-1D%-B(H.7(012+/3&453/163&&7(.-1(K.7G76(?=4R+)2(FD(23)2B!

G!

GAF!

GAZ!

GA\!

GA]!

H!

HAF!

HAZ!

HA\!

HA]!

F!

G!4! HMH\!4! FMKF!4! KMZ]!4! ZM\Z!4!

J!v*h36!

FJ!v*h36!

ZG!v*h36!

JG!v*h36!

FJG!v*h36!

854.),6!<,)5&,66$!

!

! Fc!

# ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ((

,-."/)"','(0+ 1+2+ 3435+2+ 6476+2+ 7489+2+ 8458+2+

(<("#$%&( =B=?;( =B=<( =B<[[( =BX<Y( ?B>=X(

(;<("#$%&( =B=??( =B=>Y( =B<=?( =BZ<Z( ?B?X(

(>=("#$%&( =B==Y( =B=;W( =B>>[( =BW<X( ?B[;(

(<=("#$%&( =B=?( =B=;X( =B[<Z( =BZZ[( ?B[>(

(;<=("#$%&( =B?;W( =B=;[( =B==X( =B==X( =B==>(

( ( ( ( ( ( (

(

012+/3&(53/163&&7( =B==;( =B=?;( =B?=W( =B>ZX( ?B?;(!P.?$66$!\d!B$00E$&5$!2$&!W"!O(!+$&014#$2$)!N$#5/()'5$)!a4b!?$#!("#)*+,'&')"#"$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(!$)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!Z!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MHZd! %.1405(30'(&+$! +,)! ;M! 0(?5#6#0! ?$#! +$&014#$2$)$)! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M! "$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(!$)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!Z!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!Q(:!2$&!97Q140$!#05!2$&!N$#5+$&6.(:!.)*$*$?$)A!.(:!2$&!D7Q140$!2#$!W"M!!

!

ZMF!"#$!%#&'()*!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!

ZMFMH##!"#$%&'!a;6!FHb!

;$#!!"#$%&'!a;6!FHb!#05!!$#)$!2(&14!2.0!-4#6#7895&.'5!+$&(&0.145$!",0#07.?4Y)*#*$!%#&'()*!

.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!$&'$))?.&M!Q66$&2#)*0!4.5!4=1405$!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)!

#)!$5E.!2$)!*6$#14$)!8::$'5!E#$!2#$!854.),67<,)5&,66$A!2#$!#)!2#$0$3!89/$&#3$)5!&#145#*!

G!

GAF!

GAZ!

GA\!

GA]!

H!

HAF!

HAZ!

HA\!

G!4! HMH\!4! FMKF!4! KMZ]!4! N$#5!s!ZM\Z!4!

J!v*h36!

FJ!v*h36!

ZG!v*h36!

JG!v*h36!

FJG!v*h36!

854.),6!<,)5&,66$!

!

! KG!

?$&$14)$5! E(&2$! aHdHGGbM! ".0! ?$2$(5$5A! 2.00! 2#$! %#&'()*! E.4&014$#)6#14! )#145! +,3!

-4#6#7895&.'5! 05.335A! 0,)2$&)! +,3!854.),6M! ".*$*$)! 0/&#145A! 2.00! .(14! 2#$! )#$2&#*$)!

-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! $#)$)! ",0#07.?4Y)*#*$)! 8::$'5! O$#*$)! ()2! ?$#! 2#$0$)!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!'$#)!854.),678::$'5!3$4&!O(!$&E.&5$)! #05A!E#$!*.)O!'6.&! #)!Q??#62()*!

HK!*$O$#*5!E(&2$A!E,!0$6?05!$#)$!HdFGG!R$&2L))()*!+,)!854.),6!'$#)$)!8#):6(00!.(:!2.0!

;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! 4.55$M! N(0.33$)*$:.005!E#&2! 2#$! C&.:#'! 0,! *$2$(5$5A! 2.00! $0! 0#14!

?$#!2$)!HdHGGG!()2!HdHGGGG!R$&2L))()*$)!E.4&014$#)6#14!(3!B$00:$46$&!4.)2$65!,2$&!

.)2$&$!V5,::$!#3!895&.'5!:L&!2#$!@$33()*!+$&.)5E,&56#14!E.&$)M!"#$0$!R$&3(5()*!E#&2!

2(&14! 2$)! >.'5! *$05L5O5A! 2.00! ?$#3! -./0.#1#)7R$&0(14! ?$#! !"# $%&'# -(&# ./0! '$#)$!

E.1405(304$33$)2$!%#&'()*!$&'$))?.&!E.&M!

!

!

P.?$66$! Id! B$00E$&5$! 2$&! W"! O(! +$&014#$2$)$)! N$#5/()'5$)! ?$#! !"# $%&'"# 8#)$! R,&'(65(&! 2$&! ;.'5$&#$)!E(&2$! O(! 2$)! K! .)*$*$?$)$)! R$&2L))()*$)! 2$0! -4#6#7895&.'50! *$*$?$)! ()2! O(! K! +$&014#$2$)$)!N$#5/()'5$)! E(&2$! 2#$! ,/5#014$! "#145$! 2$&! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! *$3$00$)M! NE#014$)! 2$)! B$00()*$)!E(&2$)!2#$!;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)!?$#!KIo!-! #3!`.?,&014L556$&!'(65#+#$&5M!%$))!2#$!B$00E$&5$!L?$&!W"d!GM]!6.*$)A! E(&2$)! 2#$! ;.'5$&#$)'(65(&$)! +$&2L))5! ()2! ),14! $#)3.6! *$3$00$)M! "#$! %$&5$! E(&2$)! 2.))!$)50/&$14$)2!?$&$14)$5!()2!#)!2#$!P.?$66$!$#)*$:L*5M!V,!',))5$)!.(14!%$&5$!L?$&!GM]!.(:*$:L4&5!E$&2$)M!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MHJd! %.1405(30'(&+$)! +,)! !"# $%&'! a;6! FHb! ?$#! +$&014#$2$)$)! -4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M! "$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(!$)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!I!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!Q(:!2$&!97Q140$!#05!2$&!N$#5+$&6.(:!.)*$*$?$)A!.(:!2$&!D7Q140$!2#$!W"M!!!

!

G!

GAJ!

H!

HAJ!

F!

FAJ!

K!

KAJ!

Z!

N$#5!s!G! N$#5!s!FMK!4! ZM\!4!

HdHGGn!

HdHGGGn!

HdHGGGGn!

854.),6!<,)5&,66$!

( ( (++,-.2':';<=$&"#$0+ 12+ 647+2+ 845+2+

(?C?==( =B;<Z( =BX[?( ?B>;(

(?C?===( =B=W?( =BY[[( ;B;(

(?C?====( =B?[( ?B[W>( [B>(

(01:J453/163&&7( =B=;W( =BZ;X( ?B>>(

!

! KH!

>B;B;(("#)*+,'&')#

;$#!2#$0$3!R$&0(14!0#)2!#)5$&$00.)5$!<(&+$)+$&6Y(:$!:$0505$66?.&M!Q(::Y66#*!#05A!2.00!2#$!

`#)#$!2$&!05Y&'05$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!$#)$)!0$4&!4,4$)!V5.&5/()'5!4.5A!E.0!+$&3(56#14!.)!

2$&! 8#*$).?0,&?5#,)! 2$0! *$6=05$)! -4#6#7895&.'50! 6#$*5A! 2.0! $#)$! 2()'6$! &,57?&.()$!

>Y&?()*!?$0.00M!P&,5O2$3!#05!?$#!2$&!05Y&'05$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!$#)$!2$(56#14$!@$33()*!

2$0! ;.'5$&#$)E.1405(30! $&'$))?.&A! 2$))! +$&*6#14$)!3#5! 2$)! .)2$&$)! <(&+$)! #05! 0#$!

2$(56#14!:6.14$&M!Q(::Y66#*!#05!$?$):.660A!2.00!2$&!B$00/()'5!2$&!R$&2L))()*!HdHGGG!?$#!

FAK! 4! .(:! '$#)! ;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! 4#)E$#05M! ".! 2.).14! .66$&2#)*0! 2#$! <(&+$! 05.&'!

.)05$#*5A!#05!2#$0!+$&3(56#14!.(:!$#)$3!B$00:$46$&!O(&L1'O(:L4&$)M!

# ( ( (+ + ++,-.2':';<=$&"#$0+ 1+2+ 647+2+ 845+2+

(?C?==( =B;;W( =B[[[( =B<;(

(?C?===( =B=;Y( =B=[?( =BX(

(?C?====( =B=;X( =B;Z( ?B;(

(012+/3&(53/163&&7( =B=?[( =B?X<( =BX(

!P.?$66$!Id!B$00E$&5$!2$&!W"! O(!+$&014#$2$)!N$#5/()'5$)!?$#!("#)*+,'&')M!"$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(! $)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!I!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !Q??MH\d! %.1405(30'(&+$)! +,)! ("# )*+,'&')! ?$#! +$&014#$2$)$)! -4#6#7895&.'57<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M! "$&!R$&0(140.(:?.(!$)50/&#145!2$3!#)!P.?$66$!I!?$014&#$?$)$)!R,&*$4$)M!Q(:!2$&!97Q140$!#05!2$&!N$#5+$&6.(:!.)*$*$?$)A!.(:!2$&!D7Q140$!2#$!W"M!!

!

!

G!

GAF!

GAZ!

GA\!

GA]!

H!

HAF!

HAZ!

G!4! FMK!4! ZM\!4!

HdHGGn!

HdHGGGn!

HdHGGGGn!

854.),6!<,)5&,66$!

!

! KF!

J!"#0'(00#,)!

!

"#$! 8&*$?)#00$! 2#$0$&! Q&?$#5! ?$05Y5#*$)A! 2.00! -./0.#1#)! .?! $#)$&! ?$05#335$)!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)! $#)$! .)5#?#,5#014$! %#&'()*! .(:! ;.'5$&#$)! 4.?$)! '.))M! Q66$&2#)*0!

014$#)$)! !"# $%&'! ;.'5$&#$)! E$)#*$&! $3/:#)26#14! O(! 0$#)! .60! ("# )*+,'&')! ,2$&! 2.0!

;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!.(0!2$)!W4&$)M!N()Y1405!05$665! 0#14!)()!2#$!>&.*$A!,?!2#$!+$&E$)2$5$)!

-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! L?$&4.(/5! &$6$+.)5! 0#)2A! ,2$&! +#$66$#145! +#$6! O(! 4,14!

.)*$0$5O5! E(&2$)M! "$0E$*$)! 0,665$)! O()Y1405! 2#$! #3! R$&0(14! +$&E$)2$5$)!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! 3#5! 2$)! B$)*$).)*.?$)! 2$&! 3$2#O#)#014! $#)*$0$5O5$)! -./0.#1#)7

[&,2('5$)!+$&*6#14$)!E$&2$)M!

!

JMH!X)!2$&![&.9#0!O(!$&E.&5$)2$!8::$'5$!2$0!-./0.#1#)0!.(:!2#$!+$&014#$2$)$)!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$!!

Q60! -./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$! E(&2$)! $9$3/6.&#014! $#)#*$! ;$#0/#$6$! :L&! 2#$! R$&*6$#14$!

.(0*$EY465!()2!3#5!2$&!$)50/&$14$)2$)!-./0.#1#)7Q)5$#67Q)*.?$!#)![&,O$)5!.(:*$6#05$5d!

!

-&x3$d!455/d!@,5!P4$&3,!2(&.!-A!+,)!B$&1'!2(&.!C3?@A!GAGJKm!-./0.#1#)KK!

[:6.05$&d!g(5$)O.yA!+,)!Q05$66.0![4.&3.!QCd!]m!-./0.#1#)KZ!

C$5&,1')$5$!@.?.)$&,!-4#6#0d!OE#014$)!GA\FJm!7!KAHFJm!-./0.#1#)!

-4#66#7895&.'5A! .(0! 2$&! Q&,3$)#)2(05&#$d! 1.M! \A\m! -./0.#1#)KJ!?#0! ZZAKKm! -./0.#1#)K\!

a$)50/&#145!H!B#,M!k!IAH!B#,M!V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)b!

!

U$14)$5! 3.)! )()! 2#$! ?$#! 2$)! R$&0(14$)! +$&E$)2$5$)! <,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! $?$):.660! #)!

/&,O$)5(.6$!Q)*.?$)!(3A!0,!$&4Y65!3.)!:,6*$)2$!%$&5$d!

!

J!v*h36!s!GAGGGJ!m!!!FJ!v*h36!s!GAGGFJ!m!!ZG!v*h36!s!GAGGZ!m!!JG!v*h36!s!GAGGJ!m!!FJG!v*h36!s!GAGFJ!m!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!KK!hh3$2#'.3$)5$M,)3$2.M2$hB$2#'.3$)5h4,5nP4$&3,n2(&.n-M4536!KZ!455/dhhEEEM/4.&3.E#'#M14hE#'#h#)2$9M/4/rE#'#s-./0.#1#)7[:6.05$&t0$.&14s-./0.#1#)mFG[:6.05$&j?,55,3!KJ!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h-./0.#1#)!K\!455/dhhEEEM4,50.(1$)M14h$9'6(0#+#5.$5$)h54$70,(&1$M453!

!

! KK!

!

B.)!0#$45!)()A!2.00!2#$!-./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$!.66$!4=4$&$!-./0.#1#)7Q)5$#6$!4.?$)!.60!2#$!

+$&E$)2$5$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!?$#3!R$&0(14M!!

"#$!-./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$!?$0#5O$)!$#)$!F7:.14!?#0!KFG7:.14!05Y&'$&$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!.60!

2#$!4=1405$A!?$#3!R$&0(14!+$&E$)2$5$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)M!"#$!-4#6#7895&.'5$!0#)2!0,*.&!(3!

$#)!F\G7!?#0!HIGG7:.14$0!05Y&'$&!',)O$)5&#$&5M!!

80! #05! .66$&2#)*0! ),14! *$0.354.:5! O(! ?$2$)'$)A! 2.00! 2#$! R$&0(14$! '5# =',9%! 3#5!

>6L00#*'(65(&$)! *$3.145! E(&2$)! ()2! .(:! 2$&! @.(5! :,6*6#14! *.)O! .)2$&$!

R$&0(140?$2#)*()*$)! ?$05$4$)! '=))5$)M! ;$#! 2#$0$&! "#0'(00#,)! E#&2! S$2,14!

.)*$),33$)A!2.00!2#$0$!T)5$&014#$2$!2.0!8&*$?)#0!)#145!$)5014$#2$)2!?$$#):6(00$)M!

!

X3!>,6*$)2$)!0,66$)!2#$!3=*6#14$)!8::$'5$!+,)!-./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$)!.(:!2#$!#3!R$&0(14!

+$&E$)2$5$)!;.'5$&#$)05Y33$!2#0'(5#$&5!E$&2$)M!

!

JMHMH!!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!.(0!2$)!W4&$)d!

%#$!?$#!2$)!U$0(65.5$)!?$014&#$?$)A!#05!?$#3!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5!2$&!W4&$)!*$0.354.:5!$#)$!

2,0#0.?4Y)*#*$!%#&'()*!$&'$))?.&M!!

".0! ?$2$(5$5! ',)'&$5A! 2.00! :L&! 2#$! Q)E$)2()*! +,)! -./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$)! 6,'.6! $#)$!

"$O#3#$&()*! 2#$0$0! ;.'5$&#$)05.33$0! .)O()$43$)! #05A! #)0?$0,)2$&$! E$#6! 2#$!

B$2#'.3$)5$!05Y&'$&$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!$)54.65$)M!^#335!3.)!?$#0/#$60E$#0$!.)A!2.00!

$#)$![$&0,)!#4&$!.3!W4&!+,&',33$)2$!CL&5$6&,0$!3#5!2$3!-./0.#1#)7[:6.05$&!g(5$)O.y!

?$'Y3/:5A! 0,!EL&2$!2,&5! $#)$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)! +,)!]m!.(:! 2#$! 2,&5! 6$?$)2$)!;.'5$&#$)!

5&$::$)A! E.0! $#)$! KFG7:.14! 05Y&'$&$! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! .60! 2#$! 3.9#3.6! #3! R$&0(14!

+$&E$)2$5$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!?$2$(5$)!EL&2$M!"#$0!EL&2$!+$&3(56#14!)#145!)(&!O(!$#)$3!

UL1'*.)*A! 0,)2$&)A! 0,:$&)! L?$&! $#)$)! 6Y)*$&$)! N$#5&.(3! .)*$E$)2$5A! 6,'.6! O(! $#)$&!

',3/6$55$)!Q(06=014()*!2#$0$0! V5.330! :L4&$)M! >.660! $0! 0#14! (3!/.54,*$)$!;.'5$&#$)!

4.)2$65A!#05!2#$0!$#)!2(&14.(0!*$EL)0145$&!8::$'5A!.?$&!E$))!2#$!),&3.6$!;.'5$&#$):6,&.!

2$&!@.(5!.)*$*&#::$)!E#&2A!'.))!2.0!0/Y5$&!O(!)$*.5#+$)!8::$'5$)!:L4&$)M!

!

!

! !

!

! KZ!

JMHMF!!!"#$%&'#-(&#./0d!

".0!".&3?.'5$&#(3#!"#$%&'#a;6!FHb!E#&2!2(&14!2#$! #3!R$&0(14!+$&E$)2$5$)!-./0.#1#)7

<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!)#145!0#*)#:#'.)5! #3!%.1405(3!*$4$335M!"#$0! 6Y005!2.&.(:!0146#$00$)A!

2.00!2$&!R$&O$4&!+,)!-4#6#0!,2$&!-4#6#/&,2('5$)!+$&3(56#14!'$#)$!?$0,)2$&$!%#&'()*!

?$#3!B$)014$)!.(:!2#$0$)!V5.33!4.?$)!EL&2$M!!

!

",14! .(14!E$))! '$#)$!%#&'()*! *$:()2$)!E(&2$A! #05! :,6*$)2! #05! .60! ;$#0/#$6! 5&,5O2$3!

$#)$! '(&O$! U$14)()*! ?$014&#$?$)A! 3#5! E$614$&! ()*$:Y4&! ?$&$14)$5! E$&2$)! '.))! #)!

E$614$3!R$&4Y65)#0!2#$! #)!2$&![&.9#0! 5.50Y146#14! +,&',33$)2$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!3#5!

2$)$)!2$0!R$&0(140!05$4$)M!

!

^#335!3.)! .60! ;$#0/#$6! *$5&,1')$5$!@.?.)$&,0! ()2! )#335! .)A! 2.00! $#)$! [$&0,)! $#)$!

@.?.)$&,!3#5! H*! C$E#145! a$)50/&#145! GAGG\FJ*! k! GAGKHFJ*! -./0.#1#)b! ?$#3! 800$)! O(!

0#14! )#335A! '=))5$! 3.)! L?$&! 2.0! ()*$:Y4&$! R,6(3$)! 2$0! B.*$)0! .))Y4$&)2! 2#$!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)! ?$&$14)$)A!E$614$! #)! 0$#)$3!B.*$)! $)505$45M! 8#)!3$)0146#14$&!B.*$)!

?$0#5O5! $#)! R,6(3$)! +,)! ()*$:Y4&! HAJ! `KIM! V,3#5! $&*#?5! 0#14! $#)$! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! +,)!

GAGG\FJ*! d! HJGG! 36! s! ! GAGGGGGZHI! *h36! s! ZAHIv*h36! ! ?#0! ! GAGKHFJ*! d! HJGG36! s!

GAGGGGFG]*h36sGAGF3*h36sFGv*h36M! ".! )#145! $#)3.6! ?$#! $#)$&! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! +,)!

FJGv*h36! $#)$! %#&'()*! *$:()2$)! E(&2$A! #05! 2#$0$! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! +,)! ZAH! v*h36! ?#0!

FGv*h36!.60,!2$(56#14!O(!'6$#)!(3!!"#$%&'! #3!%.1405(3!O(!?$#)5&Y145#*$)M!V$6?05!E$))!

2$&!B.*$)!)(&!O(!$#)$3!O$4)5$6!*$:L665!#05A!',335!3.)!3#5!ZH!?#0!FGG!v*h36!*$&.2$!#)!

2$)!;$&$#14!2$&!*$5$05$5$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M!".!2#$0$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!'$#)$!%#&'()*!

.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!+,)!!"#$%&'!a;`!FHb!O$#*5$)A!'.))!3.)!2.+,)!.(0*$4$)A!2.00!

0#$!.(14!'$#)$!%#&'()*!.(:!#3!".&3!6$?$)2$!!"#$%&'!V5Y33$!4.5M!

!

JMHMK!!("#)*+,'&')d!

;$#3!R$&0(14!3#5!("#)*+,'&')!E(&2$!2#$!05Y&'05$!%#&'()*!2$0!-./0.#1#)0!:$05*$05$665M!;$#!

2$&!4=1405$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!E(&2$!0,*.&!S$*6#14$0!%.1405(3!+$&4#)2$&5M!!

".!("#)*+,'&')! #3!3$)0146#14$)!".&3!+,&',335A!',33$)!.60!E#&'$)2$!V(?05.)O$)!)(&!

,&.6!$#)*$),33$)$!-4#6#0!,2$&!-4#6#/&,2('5$!#)!>&.*$M!

"#$!?$&$14)$5$!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)!+,)!ZAH!v*h36!?#0!3.9#3.6!!FGG!v*h36A!E$614$!

#3! R$&2.(()*00D05$3! $#)$0! V14Y&:$76#$?$)2$)! B$)014$)! +,&4$&&014$)! '=))5$!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!KI!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#hB.*$)!

!

! KJ!

aU$14)()*! 0#$4$! ,?$)bA! '=))5$! ?$#! ("# )*+,'&')! ;.'5$&#$)! 5.50Y146#14! $#)$!

%.1405(304$33()*! ?$E#&'$)M! 8#)$! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! +,)! FGG! v*h36! E#&2! .?$&!

E.4&014$#)6#14! )(&! #)! $95&$3$)! >Y66$)! $&&$#145A! E#$! $5E.! ?$#! $#)$3! -4#6#7%$55$00$)!

,2$&!$#)$3!!$95&$3!014.&:!$00$)2$)!5&,/#014$)!B$)014$)05.33M!!

!

JMF! ! ;$&$14)()*! 2$&! V14Y&:$! ()2! 2$&! -./0.#1#)',)O$)5&.5#,)! 2$0! -4#6#7895&.'50!!!

JMFMH!#!"#$%&'d!".!E#$!.(14!?$#!.66$)!-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)!'$#)$!%#&'()*!2$0!-4#6#7

895&.'50! $&'$))?.&! #05A! '.))! .(:*&()2! 2#$0$&! 8&*$?)#00$! '$#)! &#145#*$&! R$&*6$#14!

.)*$05$665!E$&2$)M!

!

JMFMF##("#)*+,'&')d!

"$&! R$&*6$#14! 2$0! R$&0(140! 3#5! 2$)! +$&014#$2$)$)! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! O$#*5A!

2.00!2#$!4=1405$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!OE.&!)#145!0,!05.&'!E#&'5!E#$!2#$!FJG!

v*h367<(&+$!2$0!-./0.#1#)0A!.?$&!2,14!$#)$!2$(56#14!05Y&'$&$!%#&'()*!?$0#5O5!.60!2#$!JG!

v*h367<(&+$!2$0!-./0.#1#)0M!"#$0!?$2$(5$5!',)'&$5A!2.00!0#14!2#$!05Y&'05$!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!

2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!+$&3(56#14!$5E.!#)!2$&!B#55$!2$0!;$&$#140!OE#014$)!JG!v*h36!()2!FJG!

v*h36! -./0.#1#)0! $#)O(,&2)$)! #05M! ".! 2#$! <,)O$)5&.5#,)! .)! &$#)$3! -4#6#7895&.'5!

HHK3*h36!?$5&(*!()2!2#$0$!3#5!HdHGG!+$&2L))5!E(&2$A! 6Y005! 0#14!$&&$14)$)A!2.00!$#)!

P$#6! -4#6#7895&.'5! OE#014$)! HHKGv*h36! d! JGv*h36! s! FFA\7:.14! ()2! HHKGv*h36! d!

FJGv*h36!s!ZAJ7:.14!014EY14$&!E#&'5!.60!$#)!P$#6!-./0.#1#)M!".!2#$!V1,+#66$7V'.6.!6#)$.&!

.)05$#*5A! '.))!)()! $#):.14!2(&14!2#+#2#$&$)!2$&! OE$#! >.'5,&$)!2.0!B#)#3(3!()2!2.0!

B.9#3(3! #)! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$).(0*$&$14)$5!E$&2$)M! "#$! ;$&$14)()*! 2$&! V14Y&:$! 2$0!

-4#6#7895&.'50! *$014#$45! #)! 2#$0$3! >.66$! .66$&2#)*0! ()5$&! 2$&! Q)).43$A! 2.00! 2.0!

-./0.#1#)!.60!$#)O#*$&!V5,::!2$0!895&.'50!$#)$!%#&'()*!.(:!2.0!;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3!4.5!

()2!'$#)$!.)2$&$!V(?05.)O!2.?$#!$#)$!U,66$!0/#$65$M!P.50Y146#14!'=))5$)!0#14!#3!895&.'5!

),14! .)2$&$! V(?05.)O$)! E#$! Y54$&#014$! z6$! ?$:#)2$)A! E$614$! 2(&14.(0! $#)$!

.)5#?.'5$&#$66$! %#&'()*! .(:! ! 2.0! ;.'5$&#$)E.1405(3! ?$0#5O$)! '=))5$)M! T)5$&! 2$&!

#2$.6#0#$&5$)! Q)).43$A! 2.00! -./0.#1#)! 2$&! $#)O#*$! .)5#?.'5$&#$66! E#&'$)2$! V5,::! #3!

895&.'5! #05A! '.))! $#)$! 0$4&! *&,?$! U$14)()*! .)*$05$665! E$&2$)A! (3! 2#$! -./0.#1#)7

<,)O$)5&.5#,)! O(! $&&$14)$)M! ".! 2.0! *$'.(:5$A! :.05! &$#)$! -./0.#1#)! .))Y4$&)2!

H\MGGGMGGG!V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)!014.&:! #05A! 6#$*5!2.0!8&*$?)#0!2$0!-4#6#7895&.'50!OE#014$)!

IGI{c\Z! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)! ()2! K|JJJ|JJJ! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)M! T3*$&$14)$5! #)! [&,O$)5!

!

! K\!

$&4Y65! 3.)! $#)$! 8&*$?)#00/.65$! +,)! ZAZFm! ()2! FFAFFmM! "#$0$0! 8&*$?)#0! 6#$*5!

$&05.()6#14$&E$#0$!0,*.&!&$145!).4$!?$#3!`#5$&.5(&E$&5!:L&!+$&014#$2$)$!-4#6#7895&.'5$A!

E$614$!OE#014$)!\A\mK]!!()2!ZZAKKmKc!-./0.#1#)!6#$*$)M!

!

!

JMK!!R$&*6$#14!3#5!2$&!`#5$&.5(&!

R$&*6$#145!3.)! )()! 2#$! 8&*$?)#00$! 2#$0$&! Q&?$#5! 3#5! 2$)$)! 2$&! /(?6#O#$&5$)! Q&?$#5ZG!

E$614$! O(+,&! .60!C&()26.*$! :L&!2#$!%.46!2$&!R$&0(140?$2#)*()*$)! a<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)A!

B$00O$#5$)! (0EMb! *$)(5O5!E,&2$)!E.&A!E$&2$)! 2$(56#14$!T)5$&014#$2$! $&'$))?.&M! ;$#!

2$&! $#*$)$)!Q&?$#5!E(&2$)! $#)3.6! '$#)$!@$33()*A! $#)3.6! $#)$! 6$#145$!@$33()*! .?!

FJG! v*h36! ()2! $#)3.6! $#)$! ',3/6$55$! @$33()*! .?! FJG! v*h36! *$:()2$)M! ;$#! 2$&!

U$:$&$)O.&?$#5!E(&2$! 4#)*$*$)! 014,)! .?! JG! v*h36! $#)$! ',3/6$55$!@$33()*! .(:! 2.0!

%.1405(3! +,)!:"# 3;&%9'! *$:()2$)M! "#$0$&! R$&*6$#14! O$#*5! 2$(56#14A! 2.00! +$&014#$2$)$!

;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! ()5$&014#$26#14! 05.&'! .(:! -./0.#1#)! &$.*#$&$)M! ;$#! 2$3!R$&*6$#14! #05!

.(14! O(! ?$2$)'$)A! 2.00! 2#$! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! +,)! +$&014#$2$)$)! <=&/$&05$66$)!

05.33$)d!!"#$%&'! ()2!("#)*+,'&')! 0#)2!".&3?.'5$&#$)A!:"#3;&%9'! #05! $#)!B.*$)?.'5$&#(3A!

?$#3!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5! .(0!2$)!W4&$)!4.)2$65! $0! 0#14!E.4&014$#)6#14!(3!$#)!;.'5$&#(3!

2$&! @.(5:6,&.M! ".! 2#$! 05Y&'05$! %#&'()*! .(:! 2#$! B.*$)?.'5$&#$)! ()2! )()! 2(&14! 2#$!

+,&6#$*$)2$! ! Q&?$#5! .(:! 2#$! @.(5?.'5$&#$)! *$:()2$)! E(&2$)A! '.))! )#145! .?*$6$#5$5!

E$&2$)A!2.00!?$05#335$!<=&/$&/.&5#$)!?$0,)2$&0!?$5&,::$)!0#)2M!!

!

".!2#$!%#&'()*!+,)!-./0.#1#)!.(:!3,6$'(6.&$&!8?$)$!?$#!;.'5$&#$)!),14!)#145!*$).($&!

#)! 2$&! `#5$&.5(&! ?$014&#$?$)! #05A! 6.00$)! 0#14! 2.&L?$&! )(&!R$&3(5()*$)! .)05$66$)M! 8#)$!

B=*6#14'$#5! EY&$A! 2.00! 2#$! ()5$&014#$26#14$! <,3/,0#5#,)! 2$&! N$66E.)2! +,)!

*&.3/,0#5#+$)!()2!*&.3)$*.5#+$)!;.'5$&#$)!$#)$)!()5$&014#$26#14!*(5$)!V14(5O!*$*$)!

2.0! -./0.#1#)! +$&3#55$6)! '=))5$M! "#$0! 6Y005! 0#14! S$2,14! E#2$&6$*$)A! 2.! 0,E,46! 2.0!

%.1405(3! +,)! :"# 3;&%9'! .60! *&.3)$*.5#+$0 ZH !;.'5$&#(3A! .60! .(14! ("# )*+,'&')! .60!

*&.3/,0#5#+$0ZF!;.'5$&#(3!2(&14!-./0.#1#)!*$4$335!E$&2$)M!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!K]!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h-./0.#1#)!Kc!455/dhhEEEM4,50.(1$)M14h$9'6(0#+#5.$5$)h54$70,(&1$M453!ZG!455/dhhEEEM.))3#1&,M()#3#M#5h:(66hJJhO$D&$'iJJiHFJ7HFIM/2:!ZH!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h@$6#1,?.15$&i/D6,&#!ZF!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h;.1#66(0i0(?5#6#0!

!

! KI!

!

!

Q?0146#$00$)2!*#?5!$0!$#)$!#)5$&$00.)5$!_?$&6$*()*A!2$))!2.!?$#3!X0,6.5!2$&!W4&$)!$#)$!

0$4&! 05.&'$!%#&'()*! ?$#! 2$&! R$&E$)2()*! +,)! -./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$)! $&&$14)$5! E(&2$A!

05$665! 0#14! 2#$! >&.*$A! ,?! 2#$! -./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$! +,&! 2$3! =::$)56#14$)! R$&'.(:!

$)50/&$14$)2! *(5! .(:! ^$?$)E#&'()*$)! *$5$05$5! E(&2$)M! ".! #)! 2$&! `#5$&.5(&! 0,614$!

R$&0(14$! )#145! O(! :#)2$)! E.&$)A! #05! 2(&14.(0! 3=*6#14A! 2.00! 2#$0$! $4$&! `.)*O$#57

^$?$)E#&'()*$)! )#145! *$5$05$5! E(&2$)M! >L&! [.5#$)5$)A! 2#$! L?$&! 6Y)*$&$! N$#5!

*&,00:6Y14#*!-./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$!.(:!2#$!@.(5!.(:5&.*$)A!'=))5$)!2#$!8&*$?)#00$!2#$0$&!

Q&?$#5!.60,!2(&14.(0!&$6$+.)5!0$#)M!".0!V5=&$)!2$0!C6$#14*$E#1450!2$&!;.'5$&#$):6,&.!2$&!

@.(5!'=))5$!()5$&!T305Y)2$)!2.0!Q)0#$2$6)!/.54,*$)$&!<$#3$A!2#$!)#145!+,)!-./0.#1#)!

*$4$335!E$&2$)A!$&3=*6#14$)!()2!O(!2$)!,?$)!$&EY4)5$)!`.)*O$#57^$?$)E#&'()*$)!

:L4&$)M! ;$#! 2$&! 6,'.6$)! R$&E$)2()*! 0#)2! 2.*$*$)! '$#)$! *&,00$)! ^$?$)E#&'()*$)! O(!

$&E.&5$)A! 2.! 0#14! 2$&!;$05.)2! 2$&!;.'5$&#$)! 2$&! ?$4.)2$65$)!<=&/$&05$66$! $#)#*$! N$#5!

).14!2$3!C$?&.(14!+$&3(56#14!E#$2$&!$&4,65M!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! K]!

\!!!N(0.33$):.00()*!

!

"#$!-4#6#!#05!?$#!2$)!^.145014.55$)*$EY140$)!a>%&252$272b!$#)O(,&2)$)!()2!*$4=&5!2$&!

C.55()*!2$&![./&#'.! a123)'$*4b! .)M! V#$!E#&2! #)!KK! +$&014#$2$)$)!Q&5$)! .(:*$*6#$2$&5A!

+,)! E$614$)! .66$&2#)*0! )(&! :L):! :L&! 2$)! B$)014$)! +,)! ;$2$(5()*! :L&!

<(65#+#$&()*0OE$1'$! 0#)2M! -4#6#0! 0#)2! 4$(5$! :.05! L?$&.66! .(:! 2$&! %$65! +$&?&$#5$5M! V#$!

E$&2$)!014,)!0$#5!L?$&!cGGG! e.4&$)!+,3!B$)014$)!.)*$/:6.)O5M!R$&*6$#140E$#0$! S()*!

2.O(!#05!#4&$!R$&?&$#5()*!.(0!VL27!()2!B#55$6.3$&#'.!.(:!2#$!<,)5#)$)5$!8(&,/.A!Q:&#'.!

()2! Q0#$)A! E$614$! $&05! +,&! $5E.! JGG! e.4&$)! 2(&14! 8&,?$&$&! ()2! 8)52$1'$&! E#$!

-4&#05,/4!-,6(3?(0!$#)*$6$#5$5!E(&2$M!

!

@$(5O(5.*$! E$&2$)! -4#6#0! +,3! B$)014$)! +#$60$#5#*! ()2! #)! 0$4&! ()5$&014#$26#14$)!

`$?$)0?$&$#14$)!$#)*$0$5O5M!C&=005$)5$#60!E#&2!0#$!.60!C$0143.1'07!()2!^.4&()*03#55$6!

#)!2$)!EY&3$&$)!P$#6$)!2$&!%$65!*$*$00$)A!E,!0#$!0#14!:L&!2$)!B$)014$)!.(:*&()2!2$&!

.)5#?.'5$&#$66$)! ()2! <=&/$&5$3/$&.5(&! 0$)'$)2$)! %#&'()*! 2$0! V5,::0! -./0.#1#)! .60!

)L5O6#14$0!).5L&6#14$0!B#55$6!?$EY4&5M!

!

^$?$)!2$&!5D/#014$)!R$&E$)2()*!.60!^.4&()*03#55$6!E$&2$)!-4#6#0!.(14!.(:*&()2!#4&$0!

%#&'05,::0!-./0.#1#)!O(!3$2#O#)#014$)!NE$1'$)!*$)(5O5M!".?$#!E$&2$)!0#$!3$#05!.(:!2$&!

@.(5! #)! >,&3! +,)! [:6.05$&)! ,2$&! -&$3$0! $#)*$0$5O5M! N#$6! 2#$0$&! [&,2('5$! #05! $0! 2#$!

$)50/&$14$)2$!<=&/$&05$66$!O(!EY&3$)!()2!2.3#5!V143$&O$)!O(!6#)2$&)M!!

!

X3!/&.'5#014$)!P$#6!2#$0$&!Q&?$#5!*#)*!$0!2.&(3!4$&.(0O(:#)2$)A!,?!2.0!-./0.#1#)!2$&!

?$0.*5$)! [&,2('5$! ,2$&! 2$&! .60! ^.4&()*03#55$6! +$&E$)2$5$)! -4#6#0! $#)$!%#&'()*! .(:!

2.0!%.1405(3!+,)!;.'5$&#$)!2$&!3$)0146#14$)!<=&/$&:6,&.!4.?$)!'.))M!

!

".O(! E(&2$)! $9$3/6.&#014! 2#$! %#&'()*! +,)! -./0.#1#)! .(:! 2.0! %.1405(3! +,)! 2&$#!

;.'5$&#$)05Y33$)! a!)$679'$6'2# $%&'! a;6! FHbA! (2$'&&*)# )*+,'&')! ()2! $#)! 0$6?05! #0,6#$&5$0!

@.(5?.'5$&#(3! .(0! 2$)! W4&$)b! ()5$&0(145M! >6L00#*'(65(&$)! 3#5! +$&014#$2$)$)!

-./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! E(&2$)!3#5! ;.'5$&#$)! .)*$#3/:5! ()2! $0! E(&2$)! L?$&! 2#$!

B$00()*! 2$&! ,/5#014$)! "#145$! %.1405(30'(&+$)! $&05$665M! 80! O$#*5$! 0#14A! 2.00! 2.0!

%.1405(3!2$0!;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5$0!2$&!W4&$)!()2!?$#!("#)*+,'&')!0#*)#:#'.)5!*$4$335!E#&2M!

!

! Kc!

8#)!2$(56#14$&!8::$'5!E.&!.?$&!)(&!?$#!2$&!S$E$#60!4=1405$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)!aFJG!v*h36b!

O(!$&'$))$)M!

".))! E(&2$! *&,?! ?$&$14)$5A! 2.00! $#)! -4#6#7<,)0(3! +,)! *Y)*#*$3! Q(03.00! )#145!

.(0&$#145A! (3! $#)$! *$)L*$)2! 4,4$! -./0.#1#)7<,)O$)5&.5#,)! #3!B.*$)7".&37P&.'5! O(!

$&&$#14$)A!2#$!2.0!%.1405(3!+,)!("#)*+,'&')!4$33$)!EL&2$M!!

!

>L&! 2.0! ;.'5$&#$)#0,6.5! 2$&! W4&$)! $&*.?! 0#14A! 2.00! $#)$! 0$4&! 05.&'$! "$O#3#$&()*! 2$0!

;.'5$&#$)05.33$0! ?$#! Q)E$)2()*! $#)$0! -4#6#7[&,2('50! E.4&014$#)6#14! #05A! 2.! 2#$!

<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! 2$&! -./0.#1#)7[&,2('5$! (3! $#)! R#$6:.14$0! *&=00$&! 0#)2! .60! 2#$! ?$#3!

R$&0(14!+$&E$)2$5$)!<,)O$)5&.5#,)$)M!!

!

T).?4Y)*#*!+,)!2$&!+,&6#$*$)2$)!Q&?$#5!E(&2$!/(?6#O#$&5A!2.00!2.0!%.1405(3!+,)!:"#

3;&%9'! 014,)! ?$#! )#$2&#*$&$)! <,)O$)5&.5#,)$)! +,)! FJv*h36! ?$$#)5&Y145#*5! E#&2ZK M!

"$04.6?! 6Y005! 0#14! *$0.354.:5! 2.&.(:! 0146#$00$)A! 2.00! 2#$! %#&'()*! +,)! -./0.#1#)!

.?4Y)*#*!+,)!2$&!;.'5$&#$)0/$O#$0!#05M!

!

^$?$)! 2$)! R$&0(14$)! 3#5! 2$3! -./0.#1#)! E(&2$! ),14! $#)! 0$6?05! 4$&*$05$665$&! -4#6#7

895&.'5! .(:! 2#$! ;.'5$&#$)05Y33$! !"# $%&'! a;6! FHb! ()2!("# )*+,'&')! *$5$05$5M! ".?$#! E(&2$!

L?$&! 2$)! 2#&$'5$)! R$&*6$#14! 2$&! E.1405(304$33$)2$)! %#&'()*! 2$0! -./0.#1#)7

R$&0(140! 3#5! 2$&! E.1405(304$33$)2$)! %#&'()*! 2$0! -4#6#7895&.'50! $#)$! ()*$:Y4&$!

Q)*.?$! O(&! V14Y&:$! 2$0! $#*$)$)! -4#6#7895&.'50! *$3.145M! 80! O$#*5$! 0#14A! 2.00! 2.0! -4#6#7

895&.'5!$#)$!&$145!05.&'$!E.1405(304$33$)2$!%#&'()*!.(:E$#05M!T)5$&!2$&!Q)).43$A!

2.00! ?$#3! -4#6#7895&.'5! 6$2#*6#14! 2.0! -./0.#1#)! .60! E.1405(304$33$)2$! V(?05.)O!

:()*#$&5A!?$0#5O5!2$&!895&.'5!6.(5!;$&$14)()*!$#)$!()*$:Y4&$!V14Y&:$!OE#014$)!IGI|c\Z!

V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)! ()2! K|JJJ{GGG! V1,+#66$78#)4$#5$)A! E.0! $#)$3! Q)5$#6! +,)! ZAZm! ?#0!

FFAFm!$)50/&#145M!"#$0$0!8&*$?)#0!6#$*5!2(&14.(0!#3!;$&$#14!2$0!`#5$&.5(&E$&50!:L&!2$)!

-./0.#1#)*$4.65!+,)!-4#6#7895&.'5$)A!E$614$&!OE#014$)!\A\mZZ!!()2!ZZAKmZJ!!6#$*5M!!

!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ZK!455/dhhEEEM.))3#1&,M()#3#M#5h:(66hJJhO$D&$'iJJiHFJ7HFIM/2:!!ZZ!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h-./0.#1#)!ZJ!455/dhhEEEM4,50.(1$)M14h$9'6(0#+#5.$5$)h54$70,(&1$M453!

!

! ZG!

I!!!Q)4.)*!

IMH!!`#5$&.5(&+$&O$#14)#0!

IMHMH!!;(14+$&O$#14)#0d!

C,&2,)7V3#54A!-6.&$d!`(05!.(:!-4#6#0A!R$&6.*!%M!@=6'$&!C3?@A!FGGc!

!

IMHMF!!X)5$&)$5+$&O$#14)#0!

U$2.'5#,)!pQ&5#'$6B.*.O#)qd!"$&!B$)014!()2!0$#)$!;.'5$&#$)A!

455/dhhEEEM.&5#'$63.*.O#)M2$h*$0()24$#5h2$&73$)0147()270$#)$7?.'5$&#$)M4536A!

HIM]MHF!

!

V})14$O7801.6.)5$A!Q&3#2.f!P,&&$01.),A!C.05~)f!"S.3$6!"S$).)$f!U,)1.6�0A!e,0�!Q)5,)#,!

;$65&})A![$2&,Ad!V5.?#6#0.5#,)!,:!1,6,(&!.)2!,2,(&!,:!?$$:!/.55#$0!?D!(0#)*!6D1,/$)$7&#14!

5,3.5,!.)2!/$//$&0!.0!.!0,(&1$!,:!.)5#,9#2.)50A!

455/dhh,)6#)$6#?&.&DME#6$DM1,3h2,#hHGMHGGFhS0:.MHFc]h.?05&.15A!FFM]MHF!

!

V14$6,0'$A!B.&1d!Ä-=05$&Ä!6#$?5!$0!014.&:d!V/&#)*&$#5$&!-4&#05#.)!Q463.))!).14!-./0.#1#)7;$:()2!

+,)!W6D3/#.!0(0/$)2#$&5A!455/dhhEEEM01#$)1$?6,*0M2$h)$(&,)0hFGG]hG]h1,05$&76#$?57$07

014.&:70/&#)*&$#5$&714&#05#.)7.46$3.))7).1471./0.#1#)7?$:()27+,)7,6D3/#.70(0/$)2#$&5M/4/A!

FFM]MHF!

!

!P$E'0?(&DA!e,04(.!eMf!!U$.*.)A!<.&$)!BMf!!B.14)#1'#A!^,$66$!eMf!!-.&6,A!P,3}0!QMf!!@..'A!

".+#2!-Mf!!-.62$&~)![$Å.6,O.A!Q6$S.)2&.!`,&$).f!`$+$DM!",(*6.0!eMd!8+,6(5#,).&D!$1,6,*D!

,:!/()*$)1D!#)!E#62!14#6#$0A!455/dhhEEEM/).0M,&*h1,)5$)5hHGJhKKhHH]G]M:(66A!HIM]MHF!!

!

u#62#O!N$D&$'A!>.2#6$f!W*(OA!86#:d!X)!+#5&,!.15#+#5D!,:!1./0.#1#)!.*.#)05!:"#3;&%9'A!

455/dhhEEEM.))3#1&,M()#3#M#5h:(66hJJhO$D&$'iJJiHFJ7HFIM/2:A!H]M]MHF!

!

N,014'$A!@.&.62f!V()1,.05![$//$&0!C3?@d!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3A!HIM]MHF!

!

!

!

!

! ZH!

X)5$&)$5l($66$)!,4)$!Q)*.?$)!O(3!R$&:.00$&!0#)2!3#5!!WMQMOMRM!.?*$'L&O5d!

!

WMQMOMRMd!-./0.#1#)A!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h-./0.#1#)A!HIM]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!;.1#66(0!0(?5#6#0A!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h;.1#66(0i0(?5#6#0A!H]M]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!@M!/D6,&#A!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h@$6#1,?.15$&i/D6,&#A!H]M]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!C$0143.1'6#14$!V14Y&:$A455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#hC$0143.1'6#14$iV14Y&:$A!

HIM]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!B.*$)A!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#hB.*$)A!H]M]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd![./&#'.A!455/dhh2$ME#'#/$2#.M,&*hE#'#h[./&#'.A!HIM]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!X)5$&$00.)5$!X):,&3.5#,)$)!O(3!P4$3.!-4#6#0A!

455/dhhEEEM.014(6O$M)$5h14#6#h#)2$9M453A!HIM]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!P4$!0,(&1$A!455/dhhEEEM4,50.(1$)M14h$9'6(0#+#5.$5$)h54$70,(&1$M453A!H]M]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!"$&!T&7-4#6#A!455/dhhEEEM'&.$(5$&7,.0$M.5h14#6#7/./&#'.h?,5.)#'hA!HIM]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!-./0.#1#)A!455/dhhEEEM/4.&3.E#'#M14hE#'#h#)2$9M/4/rE#'#s-./0.#1#)A!HIM]MHF!

WMQMOMRMd!@,5!P4$&3,!2(&.!-A!

hh3$2#'.3$)5$M,)3$2.M2$hB$2#'.3$)5h4,5nP4$&3,n2(&.n-M4536A!H]M]MHF!

!

IMF!!!;#62+$&O$#14)#0!

Q??MHA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MFA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MKA!455/dhhEEEM*&#)*,'#66$&M2$h14#6#0h#)2$9M/4/A!HIM]MHF!

Q??MZ!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MJA!455/dhhEEEM14#6#71,)71.&)$M1,3h-4#6#71,)7-.&)$7U$O$/5hA!HIM]MHF!

Q??M\A!455/dhhEEEM+.6$,/4.&3.M1,3h1(05,3$&i:#6$0h1.5.6,*h1./0.#1#)FJi?#*MS/*rsts!!

Q??MIA!455/dhh.6$9.)2&.76#:$E#542#*)#5DM?6,*0/,5M14hFGHFhG]hl(5$)O.M4536!

Q??M]A!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??McA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MHGA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MHHA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MHFA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MHKA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MHZA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

Q??MHJA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

!

! ZF!

Q??MH\A!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

!

!

IMK!!P.?$66$)+$&O$#14)#0!

P.?$66$!HA!455/dhhEEEM/$//$&E,&62M1,3h130h*&()26.*$)h?&$))7,73$5$&M/4/A!HIM]MHF!

P.?$66$)!F!?#0!IA!>.?#.)!@$(006$&!

!

maturaarbeit morgens 23.8.12 vh - institute of cell biology€¦ · h! ".)'0.*()*!!...

Documents

maturaarbeit morgens 23.8.12 vh - institute of cell biology€¦ · h! ".)'0.()!!...