MAUICommunity Profile

State Incentive Grantfor Substance Abuse Preventionamong Hawaii’s Youth

CENTER ON THE FAMILYCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources

University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

This publication was developed by the Center on the Family at the University of Hawai‘i for theAlcohol and Drug Abuse Division of the State of Hawai‘i Department of Health in Honolulu,Hawai‘i. The publication would not have been possible without the support and assistance fromthe following individuals and organizations:

Alton Arakaki, Lincoln Ching, Joan Chong, Miles Hakoda, Jody Moore, Lynn Nakamura-Tengan, Claire Nakatsuka, Rachel Novotny, Rose Saito, Glenn Teves, and Julia Zee,College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i

John Carroll, Honolulu County; Janice Pakele, Hawai‘i County; Dexter Shimatsu, Kaua‘iCounty; Franklyn Silva, Maui County Liquor Commissions

Jim Dannemiller, SMS ResearchTom Gans and Cathy Kawamura, State of Hawai‘i Department of EducationLynn Fallin, Governor’s Policy Advisor for Children and FamiliesBart Huber, Honolulu Police DepartmentRenee Klingle, Department of Speech, University of Hawai‘iJohn Knox and Alohalani Boido, Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawai‘iV. Leilani Kong, Crime Prevention and Justice Assistance Division, Department of the

Attorney GeneralKelvin Taketa, Hawai‘i Community FoundationElaine Wilson, Catherine Sorenson, and Ray Gagner, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division,

(ADAD), State of Hawai‘i Department of Health

The photographs used in this publication were generously provided by:CANON, USA, Hawai‘iRobert Chinn, University and Community Relations, University of Hawai‘iTami Dawson, Photo Resource Hawai‘i, Inc.Melodie Vega, Center on the Family, University of Hawai‘i

Introduction 1

Maui 2

Risk and Protection 6

Community Risk and Protective Indicators 8

School Risk and Protective Indicators 10

Family Risk and Protective Indicators 12

Individual and Peer Risk and Protective Indicators 14

Resources 16

References inside back cover

IIntroduction

f we wanted to focus our efforts on a cause that would have the greatest impact onimproving the lives of Hawai‘i’s people, particularly her children, the target isobvious—the prevention of substance abuse and addiction. Abuse of and addiction

to illegal drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes are the underlying causes of many problems:crime; health concerns such as cancer, heart disease, and AIDS; violence in the home;teen pregnancy; learning disabilities; and disrupted classrooms. In a nationwideexamination of state expenditures in 1998 across 16 budget categories, the NationalCenter on Addiction and Substance Abuse found that out of a total $453.5 billion,$81.3 billion (17.9%) was linked to addressing the results of substance abuse andaddiction. The same analysis indicated that Hawai‘i spent $438 million on expendituresrelated to substance abuse, of which less than 3% was devoted to prevention andtreatment.

The personal cost to individuals and families is even higher. All of our communitiesare familiar with the human suffering caused when children are abused and neglectedby drug-abusing parents, when teenagers turn to crime and prostitution to feed theiraddiction, and when families are broken and devastated because of drug use. There areother costs and lost opportunities: the incarcerated youth who could have gone on tocollege; the funds allocated to drug arrests, incarceration, and treatment that could havebeen used to improve our educational system; and the time and energy spent in paininstead of on nurturing children, developing strong families, and building healthycommunities.

Recognizing the need to address this insidious problem, Hawai‘i applied for a StateIncentive Grant (SIG) from the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP). Athree-year, $8.4 million grant was awarded to assist the State in achieving two majorgoals:

• To reduce alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drug use and abuse amongHawai‘i’s 12 to 17-year-olds by building a Statewide system of enduringsubstance-abuse prevention partnerships; and

• To coordinate, leverage, and redirect substance abuse prevention resources tocommunities, families, schools, and workplaces.

Approximately $2 million of the grant will be awarded per year to as many as20 community groups to assist with the SIG effort. Up to $150,000 will be given toeach community group for each of the three years of funding.

This community profile was developed to assist SIG participants. The emphasis ison prevention, for the child who reaches the age of 21 years without smoking, abusingalcohol, or using illegal drugs is virtually free from ever doing so. The information onrisk and protective factors provides a roadmap that can be used to build resiliencyagainst drug use among the youth in your community. Collaboration among neighbors,friends, and agencies in places where people know and can personally affect the life ofeach young person is the most effective way to prevent substance use and abuse. Thisprofile contains information about your community and its residents that can be used todevelop effective SIG proposals that address areas of need in your location.

Rabbi Harold Kravitz advised, “We need more than kind sentiments aboutchildren. We need to draw on the rich resources of our community to address theirneeds.” The SIG provides a rallying point for people to join forces to keep the childrenin their communities free from the harmful effects of drug abuse and addiction. This isone of the best investments we can make to ensure positive outcomes for our children,families, and communities in the future.

Ann TomMarcia HartsockSylvia Yuen

1

TMAUINEIGHBORHOODS:

Ha‘iküHänaHonokahuaHonoluaKä’anapaliKahakuloaKahanaKahuluiKaupöKe‘anaeKïheiKilohanaKïpahuluKulaLähainäLuala‘ilua HillsMä‘alaeaMakawaoMäkenaNähikuOlowaluPä‘iaPu’unïnïPu’uokaliPukalaniSpreckelsvilleUlupalakuaWaikapüWailuku

he State of Hawai‘i is composed of more than 40 public school complexes, eachof which includes a high school, all of the elementary and middle schools thatfeed into that high school, and the geographic boundaries that surround each of

Maui

them. For the purpose of collecting data for theState Incentive Grant (SIG), those 40+ schoolcomplexes have been consolidated into13 geographic areas, or “communities.” Ineach community profile the data reported isspecific to one of those 13 geographic areas. Thecommunity profile which follows is for thegeographic area designated as “Maui.”

Maui No ka ‘Oi—Maui is the best—in many ways.Popular with tourists and celebrities seeking vacationhomes, Maui offers rural and remote areas far from the madding crowd. It’s also hometo many hotels and resorts, along with slowly growing smaller industries in technology

as high-tech companies put down roots on the island. Its acres of pineapple andsugarcane fields, the last in the islands, keep the island scenic.

Agricultural pursuits also include ranching, other crops, andflowers, such as protea. Haleakalä is home to

Science City, with a tracking station, researchsite, and astronomical observatories.

With a Census 2000 population of 117,644,Maui is the third most-populated island, after

O‘ahu and the Big Island. The wealthiestcommunities are in the districts of Makawao and

Lähaina. Urbanized areas are generally along thecoastlines, namely the well-known tourist towns of

Lähainä (population 9,118) and Kïhei (16,649), andthe commercial center of Kahului (20,146). Inland is

the urbanized County seat of Wailuku (12,296). In thelast ten years, Maui County has experienced the highest

growth rate in the State (27.6%), particularly inWailuku, where the population has increased 34.3%

since 1990, increasing pressure on the schools and otherinfrastructure. Makawao and Lähainä also experienced

growth above 20%.Like all other communities in the State, the island of

Maui is culturally and socio-economically mixed. According

Moloka‘i

Maui

Läna‘i

Baldwin Complex Hana Complex Lahainaluna Complex Maui Complex

Henry Perrine Häna High & Elementary Lähainäluna High Maui High Baldwin High Ke‘anae Elementary Lähainä Intermediate Maui Waena Intermediate

‘Iao Intermediate King Kamehameha III Lokelani IntermediateWaihe‘e Elementary Elementary Kahului ElementaryWailuku Elementary Princess Nahi‘ena‘ena Kamali‘i Elementary

Elementary Kïhei Elementary

2

Iao Valley

MAUI FEATURES:

Carthaginian IIFloating Museum

Haleakalä Crater,National Park,and Science City

Häna HighwayIao NeedleKanaha Pond State

Wildlife SanctuaryKahikinu, Kula, West

Maui, and Ko‘olauForest Reserves

Kahului HarborKe’opulani County

Park, MauiZoological &BotanicalGardens, YouthCenter

Kïhei WharfMaui Ocean CenterPolipoli Springs

State RecreationalPark

Pu‘u KukuiWest Maui Forest

Reserve

to Census 2000, the population is 35.7% White, 31.1% Asian, 21.7% multi-racial, and9.3% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The Department of Educationdescribed the ethnicities of the 19,182 students during the 1999-2000 school year asalmost 27% Hawaiian and Part-Hawaiian, 24% Filipino, 19.6% Caucasian, 3.7%Portuguese, and small percentages of a number of other cultural groups.

Maui school complexes are Baldwin, Häna, Lähainäluna, Maui, and KingKekaulike. Lähainäluna High School, the oldest school west of the Rockies, was once aseminary developed by the missionaries who translated the Hawaiian language andhelped the Hawaiians become the most literate native people in the world. It was atLähainäluna that the first Hawaiian publication, the Bible, was printed on Hawai‘i’sfirst printing press. The public schools on Maui vary in size. While many of the schoolshave enrollments of less than 500, several of the schools serve over 800 students, andone elementary school serves more than 1000 students. One of the better-known privatesecondary schools on Maui is Seabury Hall in Makawao. It was joined in 1996 byKamehameha Schools, which opened its Maui campus in Pukalani to servekindergarteners through seventh graders. Maui Community College (MCC) is a branchof the University of Hawai‘i, with a main campus in Kahului. Its University Centeroffers other UH system programs.

The families of this community come from a range of socio-economic backgrounds,with the majority in the middle income ranges. The per capita income on Maui is 35%above Statewide levels. Housing includes single-family residences and small apartmentbuildings, with few new neighborhoods. The median cost of a single-family homevaries from $160,938 in Häna to over $300,000 in Makawao.

Some of the things we know about Maui are:• 25.8% of the population are children age 17 and under (compared to 24.4%

Statewide)• 18.6% of adults have achieved college-level education (compared with 22.3%

Statewide)• 80.0% of adults have graduated from high school (compared to 77.8%

Statewide)• 19,182 students are enrolled in public schools (more than 10% of the State’s

185,123 students)• $23,956 is the per capita income (compared to $17,749 Statewide)• 3.6% were unemployed in Hana in 1998, 3.4% in Lähainä, 7.4% in Makawao,

and 7.3% in Wailuku (compared to 6.2% Statewide)• 9.4% of households received public assistance income in 1999 (compared to

16.4% Statewide)The problem of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among the children of Maui is

a serious one and starts relatively early, as illustrated in the following table. Higherrates of sixth graders are using alcohol, marijuana, and crystal methamphetamine thanthe Statewide average. Only ecstasy/MDMA use is lower than State levels in thiscommunity. Maui has the second highest rate of high school seniors using marijuana.Only the eighth graders here have lower than Statewide rates of students drinking on adaily basis. Treatment needs are high on Maui, with almost 8% of 8th graders, 22% of10th graders, and 35% of 12th graders meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol abuse and/or dependence.

King KekaulikeComplex

King KekaulikeHigh

Samuel Enoka KalamaIntermediateHa‘iku ElementaryKula ElementaryMakawao ElementaryPa‘ia ElementaryPukalani Elementary

3

SUBSTANCE USE REPORTED Maui Maui StateBY STUDENTS* Island County

Smoking cigarette in past monthGrade 6 5.7 n.a. 3.7Grade 8 10.6 n.a. 11.8Grade 10 18.2 n.a. 16.5Grade 12 27.1 n.a. 22.6

Drinking any alcohol in past monthGrade 6 12.5 n.a. 9.0Grade 8 23.5 n.a. 21.9Grade 10 34.4 n.a. 32.5Grade 12 53.0 n.a. 43.3

Drinking alcohol daily in past monthGrade 6 1.0 n.a. 0.7Grade 8 1.2 n.a. 1.6Grade 10 2.6 n.a. 2.3Grade 12 5.0 n.a. 3.5

Using marijuana in past monthGrade 6 2.5 n.a. 1.2Grade 8 11.8 n.a. 8.7Grade 10 24.6 n.a. 17.0Grade 12 36.0 n.a. 22.6

Using crystal methamphetamine in past monthGrade 6 0.5 n.a. 0.3Grade 8 1.2 n.a. 1.0Grade 10 1.1 n.a. 1.5Grade 12 1.7 n.a. 1.4

Using ecstasy/MDMA in past monthGrade 6 0.1 n.a. 0.1Grade 8 1.1 n.a. 1.2Grade 10 1.5 n.a. 2.9Grade 12 3.2 n.a. 3.8

Needing treatment for alcohol, tobacco, or drug abuse or dependenceGrade 6 2.4 n.a. 1.4Grade 8 7.8 n.a. 7.4Grade 10 21.9 n.a. 18.4Grade 12 35.2 n.a. 26.9

*Data reported in percentages.

4

Comparison of Maui Risk Factorswith the Rest of the State

Comparison of Maui Protective Factorswith the Rest of the State

-8 -6 -4 -2 -0 2 6

Low neighborhood attachment

Availability of drugs & handguns

Family conflict

Low school commitment

Percent of teachers with <5 years in school

Low perceived risk of ATOD use

Percent families on welfare

Poor family supervision

Exposure to family ATOD* use

Poor academic performance

Early initiation of problem behaviors

Friends' ATOD use

STATE

4

more at riskless at risk

-10.0 -5.0 5.00.0 10.0

STATE

15.0-15.0-20.0-25.0

Stability (students in 1 school all year)

Adults who trust people in neighborhood 'a lot'

Kids have opportunities for positive involvement

Kids reporting family attachment

Families visiting with relatives in person in last year

Adults who are members of religious or spiritual community

In daily attendance at school

High schools with peer ed program

Public school seniors that graduate

Peer disapproval of alcohol, tobacco, other drug use

Public school seniors with plans for college

Belief in a moral order

less protected more protected

Bars indicate difference from the State average. If State = 50% and community = 48%, thedifference is -2%.

Bars indicate difference from the State average. If State = 50% and community = 48%, thedifference is -2%.

*ATOD = alcohol, tobacco, or other drug.

5

Risk and Protection

W hy do some kids smoke? Why do others drink alcohol? What can we do toprevent them from using and abusing drugs, alcohol, and tobacco? Thesequestions have always concerned policy makers, program managers, and

parents. For a long time, attention was focused on identifying the problem and itsnegative impacts. For example, children growing up in poverty (a problem) were foundto be at high risk for poor health, school failure, and behavioral problems inadolescence (negative impacts). Therefore, logically, elimination of the problem shouldlead to fewer negative impacts. However, some problems, such as poverty or mentalillness, are difficult to solve. Does that mean that kids who grow up in difficultcircumstances are doomed? Fortunately, research began to show that many children inproblematic situations were healthy, did well in school, and did not become delinquentor pregnant as teens. In fact, many grew up to be competent, healthy adults. What madethe difference for these children, who grew up successfully despite experiencing thesame circumstances as children who suffered the negative impacts?

The findings from a landmark study conducted in Hawai‘i provide some answers.Werner and Smith (1982) studied all of the infants born in 1955 on the island of Kaua‘iand followed them into adulthood. The investigators concluded that risk factors andstressful life events don’t inevitably lead to poor outcomes. Throughout life, there is ashifting balance between stressful events that increase vulnerability and protectivefactors that boost resilience. This balance is determined by the number of risk andprotective factors and their frequency, duration, and severity, as well as thedevelopmental stage at which they occur.

The aim of the SIG is to mobilize community action in shifting the balance fromvulnerability to resilience for every child who has the potential for substance abuse andaddiction. The children and youth who have successfully avoided abusing alcohol,

Kids at RiskCommunity by Community Comparison

0

20

60

80

WestHonolulu

WestHawai‘i

PearlHarborCentral

NorthShore &CentralO‘ahu

Moloka‘i-Läna‘i

MauiLeewardCoast

Ko‘olauLoa

Kaua‘i‘EwaEastHawai‘i

EastHonolulu

Ko‘olauPoko

100%

40

High(18 to 28 risk factors)

Moderate(11 to 17 risk factors)

6

tobacco, and drugs have done so because the adults in their lives cared enough to assistthem in developing positive personal qualities and supported them in their homes,schools, and communities.

In the next four sections of this Community Profile, the information related to yourcommunity is presented in a framework that was developed by Hawkins, Catalano, andtheir colleagues (1992) at the University of Washington. The data are presented in termsof risk and protective indicators in four domains: community, school, family, andindividuals/peers. Note that the Community Profile doesn’t contain a comprehensive listof indicator data for each domain. Instead, an extensive list of potential indicators wereevaluated and a core set was selected that could be used by communities as a startingpoint for their work. What is included reflects the state of data presently available in thefield—a scarcity of data for geographic areas (what we call communities) that aresmaller than counties as well as a scarcity of data that address positive and protectivequalities rather than risk. The indicators selected for the profiles met the followingcriteria. The data were:

• Reliably related to risk and protective qualities,• Available at the community level,• Consistently collected over time, and• Easily communicated and understood.The last sections of this Community Profile contain resources and references,

including the Website address for the Data Center on Children and Families, which canbe consulted for data relating to additional indicators.

Kids with ProtectionCommunity by Community Comparison

0

40

60

80

WestHonolulu

WestHawai‘i

PearlHarborCentral

NorthShore &CentralO‘ahu

Moloka‘i-Läna‘i

MauiLeewardCoast

Ko‘olauLoa

Kaua‘i‘EwaEastHonolulu

EastHawai‘i

Ko‘olauPoko

20

100%

High(9 to 11 protective factors)

Moderate(6 to 8 protective factors)

7

Community Riskand Protective IndicatorsThe nature of the community affects children’s lives at every level. The community is amix of elements such as family, school, individual personalities, and peer relationshipsthat are embedded in neighborhoods with unique features. All of the elements influencethe others in ways that provide both opportunity and risk. In a place where people feelsafe, enjoy their neighbors, and get involved with local interests and needs, kids havethe room necessary for positive growth and development. Maui is that kind ofcommunity. On almost every measure compared to the Statewide average, the childrenof Maui are exposed to lower rates of community risks and higher rates of communityprotection.

Maui had the highest rate in the State of children who finished the school year inthe same school in which they started. This implies a level of community stability notexperienced elsewhere in the State. Communities characterized by low rates oftransition and mobility provide more opportunities for families and children to developsocial support networks.

Community concerns for Maui are the ratio of drug and alcohol arrests and alcoholsales outlets to the population. The more available alcohol and other substances, thegreater they are introduced and consumed. Students who consider alcohol, tobacco,illicit drugs, and firearms easily available are students who are at risk.8

COMMUNITY RISK* Maui Maui StateIsland County

Kids reporting community disorganization 33.1 n.a. 41.3

Kids reporting low neighborhood attachment 32.9 n.a. 37.5

Alcohol sales outlets, per 100,000 337 326 194

Youth ability to purchase alcohol and tobacco 12.6 n.a. 15.2

Kids reporting availability of substances 42.0 n.a. 46.0and guns

Exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug 44.1 n.a. 43.9use

DUI per 100,000 n.a. 630 410

Drug violations per 100,000 n.a. 415 396

Violent crime rate, per 100,000 n.a. 220 235

Property crime rate, per 100,000 n.a. 5317 4601

COMMUNITY PROTECTION*

Stability (students in one school all year) 95.2 95.2 89.4

Adults who trust people in neighborhood ‘a lot’ 45.7 n.a. 42.0

Adults who work in community projects 40.4 n.a. 39.9

Kids have opportunities for positive involvement 58.3 n.a. 48.9

Kids feeling rewarded for positive involvement 48.4 n.a. 47.5

*Data are percent unless other rate is noted.

9

School Risk and Protective Indicators

One of the most important factors in the self-confidence of an adolescent is the abilityto succeed in school. Part of that success is related to a student’s sense of connection orcommitment to the school he or she attends. Students were asked about themeaningfulness of their coursework and its importance for their future, how often theyenjoy or hate school, and how often they try to do their best. Based on these measures,approximately 50% of the Maui children who responded were rated low in schoolcommitment. When young people cease to see school as meaningful or important intheir lives, they are at higher risk of engaging in unhealthy behaviors.

The school environment is negatively affected when there is disruption by studentswith discipline problems. Maui had the lowest percentage in the State for disciplinarysuspensions. This could indicate a low percentage of kids acting out, or it could reflecta reluctance on the part of Maui school administrators to use suspensions as a means ofdiscipline.

SCHOOL RISK* Maui Maui StateIsland County

Kids with disciplinary suspensions 3.7 4.4 5.8

Kids reporting low school commitment 49.7 n.a. 47.0

Kids skipping school 4+ days in month 4.2 n.a. 4.3

Percent of teachers with <5 years in school 37.2 40.2 34.7

SCHOOL PROTECTION*

In daily attendance at school 92.9 92.8 93.2

Public school seniors that graduate 92.7 93.3 93.6

High schools with peer ed program 40.0 42.9 61.9

Kids have opportunities for positive involvement 47.7 n.a. 48.3

Kids feeling rewarded for positive involvement 33.4 n.a. 37.6

School volunteers per 100 students n.a. 26 10

*Data are percent unless other rate is noted.

10

12th grade10th grade8th grade6th grade

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0%

MauiState

40.1

51.646.2 47.948.2 47.9

48.748.748.749.7

Low School CommitmentSometimes, particularly as they get older, students don’t see school as important. Dislikingschool and feeling that education is irrelevant are often expressed by those who becomeinvolved in drug use.

11

Family Risk and Protective Indicators

The family is the foundation of a child’s world. When all is well at home, children canmove freely through developmental transitions into adolescence and early adulthood.During the teen years, it is normal for children to distance themselves from their parentsin an effort to discover who they are as individuals. The increased freedom of thisperiod and the exposure to influences outside of the home make it vitally important forteens to have the support of caring parents and families who provide a safe andnurturing environment. These are the people who can best guide teens through thechallenges of maturing into competent and successful adults.

On Maui, measures of family protection were generally at higher rates than theStatewide averages. Maui children reported higher rates of family attachment and ofopportunities for positive involvement with their families. They also reported higherrates of families rewarding positive activity, which is important to children’sdevelopment. As with adults, children need praise and recognition for their efforts inorder to reinforce good behaviors, build feelings of acceptance, and foster bonding. Inturn, strong bonding with good role models decreases the likelihood of unacceptablebehaviors that would weaken those bonds.

One area of concern is that more than 42% of the Maui teens reported exposure toalcohol, tobacco, or other drug use at home. Children from families whose membersabuse alcohol, tobacco, or drugs are far more likely to become substance dependentthemselves. This consequence is probably influenced by family dynamics and genetics.

12

FAMILY RISK* Maui Maui StateIsland County

Kids reporting family conflict 37.7 n.a. 38.9

Child abuse rate, per 1,000 children 11 13 10

Arrests for family offenses, per 100,000 n.a. 609 407

Kids reporting poor parental supervision 39.5 n.a. 41.4

Kids reporting parental endorsement of anti- 42.7 n.a. 43.8social behavior

Sibling history of anti-social behavior 53.2 n.a. 45.5

Kids reporting exposure to family alcohol, 42.3 n.a. 41.7tobacco, other drug (ATOD) use

Kids reporting lack of parental sanctions for 49.0 n.a. 49.8alcohol, tobacco and other drug use

Adults in alcohol/drug treatment, per 100,000 125 228 229

FAMILY PROTECTION*

Kids reporting family attachment 46.2 n.a. 41.1

Families with opportunities for positive 32.8 n.a. 28.3involvement

Families rewarding positive involvement 47.7 n.a. 44.3

Families visiting with relatives in person in 88.2 n.a. 91.4last year

Adults who are members of religious or spiritual 47.8 n.a. 44.8community

Mom & Dad62%

Parent &Step-parent11%

Single Parent21%

Other6%

Family StructureDrug use has not been found to be consistently linked to living with both parents or with asingle parent. However, this information might be helpful in understanding the home resourcesof children in your community.

13

Individual and Peer Riskand Protective IndicatorsMany young people experiment and take risks as a part of developing into adults. Butbehind risk-taking behavior is a potential harm that depends on the experimenter’s ageand on the possible reinforcement and acceptance from peers, family, community, orsociety.

Maui teens report slightly higher rates of sensation seeking, depression, andproblem behaviors than the State as a whole. Less than half of the students surveyedabout their attitudes toward stealing, fighting, and cheating in school differentiatedbetween “right” and “wrong.” Young people’s beliefs in a moral order influence theirdecision making and make them less likely to undertake negative behaviors.

The children of Maui did well on standardized tests of reading and math, yet only42% of the seniors plan to attend college. Even though this is higher than the Statewideaverage, encouraging more teens to make plans for college would be a worthwhile goal.Research has shown that drug use is significantly lower among students who have highexpectations for themselves and their future.

14

INDIVIDUAL RISK* Maui Maui StateIsland County

Early initiation of problem behaviors 44.9 n.a. 43.0

Rebellious attitude 26.8 n.a. 29.6

Sensation-seeking 50.0 n.a. 49.3

Self-rated ‘poor’ academic performance 47.7 n.a. 46.4

Reporting anti-social behavior 29.4 n.a. 26.6

Favorable attitude toward anti-social behavior 40.8 n.a. 42.8

Friends engage in anti-social behavior 45.4 n.a. 43.8

Friends’ rewards for anti-social behaviors 42.1 n.a. 43.6

Reporting gang involvement 19.6 n.a. 22.1

Reporting depression 50.1 n.a. 48.6

Favorable attitude toward alcohol, tobacco, 44.3 n.a. 44.8and other drug use

Low perceived risk of alcohol, tobacco, 47.1 n.a. 43.5and other drug use

Exposure to friends’ substance use 50.4 n.a. 47.3

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION*

Above average reading score on S.A.T. 25.2 24.1 23.5(elementary)

Above average reading score on S.A.T. 22.7 22.7 21.9(intermediate)

Above average math score on S.A.T. 30.9 29.6 32.7(elementary)

Above average math score on S.A.T. 19.8 19.8 19.7(intermediate)

Public school seniors with plans for college 41.7 41.5 38.8

Peer disapproval of alcohol, tobacco, 47.4 n.a. 48.5other drug use

Religiosity 41.0 n.a. 39.7

Belief in a moral order 42.8 n.a. 41.8

*Data are percent unless other rate is noted.

15

Resources

National ResourcesAmerican Council for Drug Education (ACDE)164 W. 74th StreetNew York, NY 10023Phone: (800) 488-DRUGE-mail: acde@phoenixhouse.orgWeb page: www.acde.org

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP)Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministrationRockwall II BuildingRockville, MD 20857Phone: (301) 443-0365Web page: www.preventiondss.org

Indiana Prevention Resource Center (IPRC)Indiana UniversityCreative Arts Building2735 E. 10th Street, Room 110Bloomington, IN 47408-2606Phone: (812) 855-4848Web page: www.drugs.indiana.edu/prevention

Join Together441 Stuart StreetBoston, MA 02116Phone: (617) 437-1500E-mail: info@jointogether.orgWeb page: www.jointogether.org

National Center on Addiction and Substance AbuseColumbia University633 Third Ave., 19th FloorNew York, NY 10017-6706Phone: (212) 841-5200Web page: www.casacolumbia.org

National Centers for the Application of PreventionTechnologies (CAPT)Mail Stop 279University of Nevada, RenoReno, NV 89557Phone: (888) 734-7476Web page: www.captus.org

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and DrugInformation (NCADI)11426 Rockville Pike, Suite 200Rockville, MD 20857Web page: www.health.org

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)6000 Executive Boulevard, Willco BuildingBethesda, MD 20892-7003Web page: www.niaaa.nih.gov

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)National Institutes of Health (NIH)6001 Executive Blvd., Room 5213Bethesda, MD 20892-9651Phone: (301) 443-1124Web page: www.nida.nih.gov

Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration (SAMHSA)5600 Fishers LaneRockville, MD 20857Phone: (301) 443-8956Web page: www.samhsa.gov

Local ResourcesAlcohol and Drug Abuse DivisionState of Hawai‘i Department of Health601 Kamokila Blvd., Room 360Kapölei, HI 96707Phone: (808) 692-7530Web page: www.state.hi.us/health/resource/drug_abuse.html

Center on the FamilyUniversity of Hawai‘i2515 Campus Road, Miller 103Honolulu, HI 96822Phone: (808) 956-4132E-mail: cof@ctahr.hawaii.eduWeb page: www.uhfamily.hawaii.edu

Coalition For A Drug Free Hawai‘iHawai‘i State RADAR Network Center1130 N. Nimitz Hwy., Suite A259Honolulu, HI 96817Phone: (808) 545-3228Toll free 1-800-845-1946E-mail: cdfh@pixi.comWeb page: www.drugfreehawaii.org

Western Center for the Application of PreventionTechnologies (West CAPT)841A Kainui DriveKailua, HI 96734Phone: (808) 261-2232E-mail: hicapt@lava.netWeb page: www.unr.edu/westcapt

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