max myanmar: anti-corruption - policy, procedures & practices
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Thaung HanGroup Chief Operating Officer
Ph.D., (Intl Business: Uni Texas EP)
MBBS, DBL, EMBA (Ygn), MBA (Purdue)
Policy, Procedures & Practices
Max Myanmar Group of Companies
ANTI -
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INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL DYNAMISM:Corruption, Distance to Frontier, Perceived Opportunity, and Entrepreneurial Dynamism
by
THAUNG HAN, M.B, B.S, D.B.L, M.B.A, M.B.A,
DISSERTATION FOR
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
International Business Ph.D. ProgramTHE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO
March 5, 2014
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Institutions
Corruption
Entrepreneurship
Economic Development
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The conceptual model
Economy
InstitutionsEntrepreneurship Process
Opportunity Intention Activity
Corruption
Entrepreneurship
Economic Development
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Opportunity EconomyIntention/Action
Corruption
DTFDistance to
Frontier
Institution Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior
Fig 2. Hypothesized Model
Social norm
Capability
Structuration Theory
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Fig 5. Know Startup Entrepreneurial Rate Fig 6. Nascent Entrepreneurial Activity
Fig 4. Entrepreneurial IntentionFig 3. Perceived Opportunity
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Fig 7. Relationship Between Corruption And Opportunity In 45 Countries, 2011
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Fig 10. Relationship between Corruption and Opportunity 88 Countries, 2008 - 2012
(Wennekers et al., 2005)
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Table 7. Descriptive Statistic and Correlation Matrix of 88 Countries
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Fig 8. Interaction Effects of Distance To frontier (DTF) At Different Levels In 45 Countries
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DISTANCE TO FRONTIER (DTF)
Fig 11. Interaction Effects of Distance To frontier (DTF) At Different Levels in 88 Countries
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Fig 14. Relationship between corruption and opportunity at different levels of income
CORRUPTION
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Fig 12. Moderating Effect Of Corruption On The Relationship Between Opportunity And Intention in 88 Countries
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Anti-Corruption Efforts at Max Myanmar Group
Published Anti-Corruption Policy in 5th May 2014.
Supported by Whistle Blowing Policy & Human Right Policy
Restructured to become a Group of Companies with “Good
Corporate Governance” : Transparency, Integrity, Responsibility
http://www.maxmyanmargroup.com/index.php/about-us/corporate-governance
http://www.maxmyanmargroup.com/index.php/about-us/corporate-governance/anti-corruption-policy
Wage Increase Transparency Accountability Complianc
eGood
GovernanceIntegrity Responsibility
To prevent the corruption To combat the corruption
To promote the good governance
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Policy• Express statement of Zero-Tolerance• Gift, Sponsorship, Entertainment, Facilitation guidelines (UNCAC Article 17) • Donation: Political Donation (UNCAC Article 16) • Extended to Cover Third-Party
Procedures• Risk Assessment • Education / Awareness• Establish a merit system (UNCAC Article 7) • Training: :Orientation (UNCAC Article 60)
:Scheduled training with Other CR Topics (Human Rights / OHS)
Practices• Wages increase and added fringe benefits• Empowerment / Decentralization• Transparent Public Procurement: Tender Committee – (UNCAC Article 9) • Whistle Blowing (UNCAC Article 32) / Social Media (Facebook)/ Suggestion Box (UNCAC Article 13) • Grievance Handling • Sustainability Officer / Compliance Officer• Monthly / Quarterly Meeting Report• Refreshment Course for Management
Policy, Procedures, Practices, & Proof
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Audit
• Internal Audit• External Audit• International Audit: Deloitte
Strong financial management (UNCAC Article 11) Clear conflict of interest Transparency (UNCAC Article 10)
Policy, procedures and practices are in-line with UNCAC principles.
Assumed MCRB as independent, third party monitoring institution
Corporate Responsibility (CR) Assessment by BSR in 2014 and 2015.
Policy, Procedures, Practices, & Proof
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ProofUN Global CompactTransparent procurement & sub-contractingISO
UN Global CompactTender CommitteeSub-contractor & Supplier ContractPromotion & Transfer Policy -ProceduresISO
Spinning Off Key assets
Policy, Procedures, Practices, & Proof
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Risk Assessment & Follow-up actionTender CommitteeThird Party / Subcontractor / Supplier EngagementPromotion & TransferPost Completion Survey
UNGC
Policy, Procedures, Practices, & Proof
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Sustainability Matrix - Max Myanmar
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Anti-Corruption Efforts at Max Myanmar Group
BSR: Corporate Responsibility (CR) Assessment by BSR in 2014 and 2015
MCRB: Ranked 3rd in 2014 and 2nd in 2015 TiME report by MCRB MCRB is considered as a independent, third party monitoring /
oversight Institution
Global Witness
c.f.i: Received Best ESG Transparency 2015 award by “c.f.i”
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Reported Incidents
Case 1 : Personal use of company’s cash while he is on duty for Accountant and Cashier
Action Taken 1. Checked and reviewed from Management Team
2. Demotion
3. Assigned to repay the cash monthly
Case 2 : Personal use of company’s payment to supplier while he is working as Supervisor
Action Taken 1. Checked and reviewed from HOD and decided him to repay during one month
2. While he was assigned in rural area, he breached the social order again and so
company asked him to resign himself and put him on the black list.
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Reported Incidents
Case 1 : Misuse of cash from toll collection / Bribery from co-worker
Action Taken : Dismissed
Case 2 : Misuse of cash from toll collection / Bribery from external company at
Thanlwin division
Action Taken : Dismissed
Case 3 : Misuse of cash and incorrect data entry ledgers
Action Taken : Dismissed
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Other Incidents
Case 1 :
Action Taken :
Case 2 :
Action Taken :
Case 3 :
Action Taken :
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Dr. Thaung HanGroup Chief Operating Officer
Ph.D., (Intl Business: Uni Texas EP)MBBS, DBL, EMBA (Ygn), MBA (Purdue)
Thank you.
Policy, Procedures & Practices
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Fig. 8 Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2012
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Table 2. Regression Analysis Coefficients Of Perceived Opportunity
Variables ᵝ t ρ
(Constant) 4.529 0Corruption Perception Index (CPI) -2.062 * -2.107 0.041Distance To Frontier (DTF) -0.078 -0.507 0.615
Gross National Income_Log Form (lnGNI) -0.561 * -2.39 0.022CPI_Quadratic Term (CPI_Q) 2.582 ** 2.772 0.008
Model F 3.847N 45Adjusted R2 0.206
a. Dependent Variable: Perceived Opportunity
b. Predictors: (Constant), CPI_Q, DTF , lnGNI, CPI
The coefficients are standard regression coefficients
*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05
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Table 3 . Regression Coefficients of Moderating effects of Distance to Frontier (DTF)
Model 1 Model 2 β p β p(Constant) 0.002 0.133Corruption (CPI) -0.563** 0.04 1.379 0.254lnGNI (Gross National Income) -0.628** 0.017 -0.722** 0.007DTF (Distance to Frontier) -0.112 0.504 0.5610 0.204CPI_DTF -1.807 0.103
Model F 2.209 2.426Adjusted R2 0.076 0.115N 45 45 Dependent Variable: OpportunityPredictors: (Constant), Corruption, GNI, DTF, CPI_DTFThe coefficients are standard regression coefficients*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05
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Table 4. Regression Analysis Coefficients of Entrepreneurial Intention
Variables ᵝ t ρ
(Constant) -0.255 0.8Opportunity 0.397 ** 2.805 0.008Capability 0.379 * 2.564 0.014Know Startup Entrepreneur Rate -0.176 -1.215 0.231
Adjusted R2 0.298Model F 7.214N 45
a. Dependent Variable: Enetrepreneurial Intention b. Predictors: (Constant),Opportunity
The coefficients are standard regression coefficients
*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05
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Table 5. Régression Analysais Coefficients Of Moderating Effets Of Corruption in 45 Countries
Variables Model 1 Model 2
β p β p
Perceived Opportunity (PO) 0.485 0.000** 0.184 0.478
Capability (CAP) 0.193 0.171 0.171 0.223Know Startup Entrepreneur Rate (KNOW) -0.217 0.940 -0.175 0.183Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 0.451 0.001** 0.048 0.883
PO_CPI 0.524 0.185
N 45 45
Adjusted R2 0.466 0.476
Model F 10.586 9.007
Dependent variable: Entrepreneurial IntentionPredictors: PO, CAP, KNOW, CPI, PO_CPI The coefficients are standardized regression coefficients*P < 0.10; ** P < 0.05;
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Fig 9. Moderating Effect Of Corruption On The Relationship Between Opportunity And Intention in two levels
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Table 9. Regression Analysis Coefficients of Entrepreneurial Intention
ᵝ t ρ
(Constant) -3.471 0.001Perceived Opportunity 0.416 ** 4.453 0Capability 0.433 ** 4.62 0Know Startup Entrepreneur Rate -0.021 -0.296 0.768
Model F 42.005Adjusted R2 0.591N 88
a. Dependent Variable: Entrepreneurial Intention b. Predictors: (Constant),Perceived Opportunity, Capability, Know Startup Entrepreneur RateThe coefficients are standard regression coefficients*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05
Table 10. Regression Analysis Coefficients of Nascent Entrepreneurial Activity in 88 Countries
β t pConstant 2.384 0.02
Corruption Perception Index -0.012 -0.087 0.93lnGNI -0.119 -0.836 0.41
Distance to Frontier(DTF) -0.157 -1.468 0.15
Entrepreneurial Intention 0.457 ** 4.135 0
Model F 14.77Adjusted R2 0.388N 88
a. Dependent Variable: NAS b. Predictors: (Constant), Corruption Perception Index, lnGNI, Distance to Frontier (DTF), Entrepreneurial Intention
The coefficients are standard regression coefficients
*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05
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Table 11. Régression analysais coefficients of moderating effets in 88 Countries
Variables Model 1 Model 2
β p β p
Perceived Opportunity (PO) 0.445 0.000 ** 0.075 0.492
Capability (CAP) 0.297 0.000 ** 0.298 0.003**Know Startup Entrepreneur Rate (KNOW) -0.007 0.914 0.002 0.979
Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 0.244 0.002 ** -0.11 0.588
PO_CPI 0.587 0.062*
N 88 88
Adjusted R2 0.651 0.645
Model F 37.74 31.865
The coefficients are standardized regression coefficients*P < 0.10; ** P < 0.05;Dependent variable: Entrepreneurial IntentionPredictors: PO, CAP, KNOW, CPI, PO_CPI
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Table 8. Regression Analysis Coefficients in 88 Countries
ᵝ t ρ
(Constant) 5.015 0
Distance To Frontier (DTF) -0.256 ** -2.177 0.032
Gross National Income_Log Form (lnGNI) -0.336 ** -2.232 0.028
Corruption Perception Index (CPI) Reverse Coded -1.117 ** -2.327 0.022
Corruption Perception Index Reverse Coded in Quadratic Term (CPIR-Q) 1.017 ** 2.136 0.036
Model F 6.545Adjusted R2 0.203N 88
a. Dependent Variable: Perceived Opportunity (PO) b. Predictors: (Constant),DTF, lgGNI, CPIR, CPIR_Q
The coefficients are standard regression coefficients
*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05
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Table 6. Regression Analysis Coefficients of Nascent Entrepreneurial Activity (NAS) in 45 Countries
β t p Constant 0.427 0.672
Corruption Perception Index -0.104 -0.57 0.574lnGNI 0.042 0.224 0.824
Distance to Frontier(DTF) -0.054 -0.46 0.645Entrepreneurial Intention 0.725 ** 5.843 0
Model F 15.105Adjusted R2 0.562N 45
a. Dependent Variable:NAS
b. Predictors: (Constant), Corruption Perception Index, lnGNI, Distance to Frontier (DTF), Entrepreneurial Intention
The coefficients are standard regression coefficients*ρ < 0.10; **ρ < 0.05