MAXILLOFASCIALFRACTURES

• The etiology of maxilofacial injuries in

Is frequently a motor venicle or motorcycle

accident

Physical altercations

Physical altercations Home

accidentsHome

accidents

Athletic injuriesAthletic injuriesOther common

cause of facial injuries

Other common cause of facial

injuries

PRIORITIES OF CARE IN MAXILLOFACIAL INJURY TREATMENT

Early careEarly careNon emergent

Devinitive treatment

Emergency care

Care for the patient with maxillofacial injuries may be organized according to three prioritiesCare for the patient with maxillofacial injuries may be organized according to three priorities

CLASSIFICATION OF FACIAL FRACTURES

• Facial fractures are clasified as closed open

injuries as well as by the manatomic region

involved

• The amnatomic area in the upper face are:

– The frontal bone

– Frontal sinus

– Supraorbital areas

The orbit is devided into the RIM and the internal orbit

• RIM fractures are classified in the sections:o Supra orbital regiono Masoeth moidal regiono Zygomatic region

• The interval orbit in four section:o The medial (etmoidal) orbito The inferior orbit (orbital floor)o The Lateral orbito The superior (roof) portions

MAXILLA FRACTURES→ Are classified according to the general scheme of LE FORT

The nose and mandible complete the anatomic

regional areas of the faceThe nose and mandible complete the anatomic

regional areas of the face

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

⇒ Radiography examination provides important

evidene to confirm the findings of the physical

examination

Angle classification of occlusion. A. Clas I, normal occlusion, B. Class I, retroocclusion or mandibular

deficiency, C. Class III, prognathic (maxillary deficiency or mandibular excess

Normal adult dental arches contain 32 teeth 16 in arch. There are three molars, two bicuspids, a cuspid and two incisors on each half of both

maxillary and mandibular arches

FRACTURE OF THE NOSE

→ Fracture of the nose may involve only the cartilaginous nasal septum of the nasal bones as well

Figure 12-9 Show a classification of nasal fractures according to: Dingman, Natvig and Dorzback

Figure 12-9 Show a classification of nasal fractures according to: Dingman, Natvig and Dorzback

FRACTURES OF THE ZYGOMA

FRACTURES OF THE INTERNAL ORBIT

→ Fractures of the internal orbit may involve the medial wall, floor, lateral wall, and orbital roof.

LE FORT MAXILLARY FRACTURES

Fractures of the maxilla in reality involve not only the

Maxilla but the bones and structures of the midfacial

region

→ A Classification developed by LE FORT is Commonly applied

FRONTOBASILAR FRACTURES

→ Fracture of the frontal skull, frontal sinus, supraorbital

areas, and nasoermoidal orbitak region are

encountered less commonly than orther types of facial

fracture

→ A combined neurosurgical-plastic surgery evaluation

and approach to treatment is important for reducing

complication

MANDIBULAR FRACTURES

→ The mondibular fractures is a common facial

injury, especially in the multiply injured patient

→ Classified according to the state of the dentition

and the region ofthe mandible in which the

fracture occurs

DIAGNOSIS

→ Suggested by the

presence of pain,

swelling, tenderness, and

malocclusion

A. Anatomi regions of the mandible

B. Frequency of fractures in those regions