maximum demand controller
TRANSCRIPT
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENGT
Presentation
On
“MAXIMUM DEMAND CONTROLLER”
By:-
PATEL RUSHI G.(100820109024)
PATEL DHAVAL I.(120823109011)
GANDHI AKUL M.(120823109012)
VALAND VIVEK U.(120823109013)
Under the Guidance of :-
Prof.ANKIT RABARI
Prof. AMARPAL KANOJIYA
Introduction
Literature review
Power Factor
Maximum Demand
Operational Diagram
Hardware detailed design
Flow of Controlling
Conclusion
References
Introduction In continues industrial process continues electricity
supply plays major roles. The Electricity costs are a fixed running cost and substantially by improving efficiency of electrical machines large an incentive to bring about saving electricity cost with good maximum demand controller the maximum KVA used during a metering month can be reduced and proportionally money can be saved.
Maximum Demand Control High-tension (HT) consumers have to pay a maximum demand charge in addition to the usual charge for the number of units consumed. This charge is usually based on the highest amount of power used during some period (say 30 minutes) during the metering month.
Literature review
(a) Up to 20 kVA of billing demand Rs. 65/- per kVA /month
(b) Above 20 kVA & up to 60 KVA billing demand Rs. 100/- per kVA /month
(c) Above 60 kVA of billing demand Rs. 150/- per kVA /month
(d) In excess of contract demand Rs. 225/- per kVA /month
• DEMAND CHARGES:
Note: BILLING DEMAND: Billing demand during the month shall be the
highest of the following:
1. Maximum demand recorded during the month.
2. 85 % of the contract demand.
3. 6 kVA
FOR eg.. CONTRACT OF 40 KVA DEMAND.
CASE 1)- FIXED CHARGES…………………………. RS. 6/-
PER KVA/MONTH
RS. 6 *65 = 390
CASE 2)- WITH IN 20 KVA DEMAND
RS. 20*65= 1300
Now, demand charge will be 1300
CASE 3)- UP TO USE 39 KVA
RS. 39*100 = 3900
but 3315 is consider as 85% of contract demand
SO demand charge will be 3315
CASE 4) for 42 KVA recorded as max demand
demand charges will be rs.4200 which is Rs. 825
more than case 3
CASE 5)- For 50 KVA max DEMAND recorded in month
50KVA * RS.100 = RS.500O
and 10 excess kva charged as 10*255=Rs.2550
the demand charge will be RS.7550 which is Rs.4235 more than case 3.
CASE 6)- For 62 kva recorded as max for a month
FOR 40 KVA,
6o KVA *150 KVA = Rs.9000
SO, 22KVA * RS. 225 =RS.4950
Now total demand charge RS. 9000 (FOR USED 61 KVA)
+ RS. 4950 excess of contract demand
……………………………
RS. 13950which is Rs10635 more than thecase 3
Power Factor Adjustment Charges:
1. The power factor adjustment charges shall be levied at the rate of 1% on total amount of electricity bills for the month under the head “Energy Charges “ for every 1% drop or part thereof in the average power factor during the month below 90% up to 85
2. In addition to the above clause, for every 1% drop or part thereof in average power factor during the month below 85% at the rate of 2% on the total amount of electricity bill for that month under the head “Energy Charges “, will be charged.
Power Factor Adjustment Rebate:
If the average power factor of the consumer’s installation in any month is above 95%, the consumer will be entitled to a rebate at the rate of 1% in excess of 95% power factor on the total amount of electricity bill for that month under the head “Energy Charges “, for every 1% rise or part thereof in the average power factor during the month above 95%.
Here we propose a technical solution to the problem .The
following figure illustrate connected loading to the mains of the
power supply.
The following Figure illustrate the incremental loading and
consequently reaching of in excess of contracted power.
As shown in following figure the Maximum Demand Controller will
enable the trend analysis for connected loading.The MDC also
response excess of contract demand by disconnecting loads which
are preselected.
The user can create group of loads with the same priority and
connection/disconnection sequence. The sequence could be
manage by FIFO or LIFO sequence system.
As we understood the problem arising with electrical
load demanding and the control of maximum demand
is resulted in energy economic losses we must address
this problem with strategy and technology. The power
distribution and power generation systems already
operate to resolve this problem by demand forecasting
or load compensations, etc. But energy users also affect
by the demand charges applied by the power
companies. The MAXIMUM DEMAND
CONTROLLER provides the solution at the user side
without voiding the system.
The continuous power consuming systems could operate at
economical extent by using MDC without affecting the
optimal operation of system .The device will generate
alarming signals and notify user when the 80% of maximum
demand is loaded by the system. When the system loading
reaches the maximum demand the predetermined loads will
be isolated from the system in order to reducing the critical
loading. These functions provide great convenience and
reliability of demand controlling at the user end. Also by
using solid state controllers and digital relays the device
becomes automated and compact high speed functionary. The
remote controlling and monitoring purpose of device is
achieved by using GSM/GPRS module. Energy metering and
prepay energy metering application of the system also been
considered to include for the MDC device as future
modifications.
References
Google patent record.
Gujrat state electricity act
Vivek Kumar Sehgal,Nitesh Panda, Nipun Rai Handa,
“ElectronicEnergy Meter with instant billing”,UKSim Fourth
European ModellingSymposium on Computer Modelling and
Simulation
Bharath P, Ananth N, Vijetha S, Jyothi Prakash K. V.
,“Wirelessautomated digital Energy Meter”, ICSET 2008
P.K. Lee and L.L. Lai, Fieee, “A practical approach to wireless
GPRS on-line power quality monitoring system”, Power
Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007.
Li Kaicheng, Liu Jianfeng, Yue Congyuan, Zhang Ming. “Remote
power management and meter-reading system based on ARM
microprocessor”, Precision Electromagnetic Measurements
Digest,2008. CPEM 2008. Conference on Digital Object Identifier.