may 11 th, 2007 lnf scient. comm m.spinetti 1 opera/cngs1 o scillation p roject with e mulsion-t r...
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May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 1
OPERA/CNGS1Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus
1. Electronic detectors status of
installation2. Results from detectors
commissioning• TT• RPC• HPT
3. Cosmic and CNGS run results4. Brick production and filling5. Emulsions analysis
• Scanning facilities• Track matching and analysis
6. Test beam activities7. Detector filling strategy and
CNGS runs8. OPERA sensitivity updated9. Conclusions
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 2
Electronic detectors installationVeto
BMS Target TrackerSM2Spectrometer:
Magnet, RPC, XPC,HPT
Ago ‘06 run: all installed and running except Veto and HPT/2
May ‘07 : Veto and HPT/2 installed and under commissioning
HPT/2
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 3
Event building: time stamp
Event building by sorting in time individual hit from sub-detectors
The time stamp (10 nsec bin) is correlated with the GPS (100 nsec resolution) in order to select CNGS beam event
HPT
RPC
TT
10 nsec binning
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 4
Event reconstruction: time stamp resolution
Without fiber transmission correction
With position correctionSigma : 9 nsec
down going muon : side view
Time
difference
Strip
number
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 5
3. Results from electronic detectors commissioning
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 6
Target Tracker efficiency
using cosmic ray tracks
Trigger rate:• 1 p.e. 20 cps per pixel• 2 p.e. 10 cps per pixel
1 p.e.
2 p.e.
3 p.e.
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 7
RPC efficiencies
SM1 SM2
1 HV row missing
Electronic
s
using cosmic ray tracks
All problems have been cured
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 8
RPC spatial resolution
Tracking resolution ~ 1.3 cm, Misalignments ~
few mm
using cosmic ray tracks
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 9
RPC p reconstruction
Muon momentum reconstruction using only RPC
using cosmic ray tracks
-
very
preliminary
RPC data only
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 10
Status of HPT/1
-Timing corrections implemented
-Resolution of ~500m in single planes
-Fine alignment ongoing with CR tracks
-80% track efficiency for cosmic data
-reconstruction running stable for data
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 11
4. CNGS runs and cosmics results
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 12
August’06 run: first CNGS neutrinos
50 ms10.5 s 10.5 s
machine energy
spill
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 13
August ‘06 run events
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CC in magnetstopping track (first event)
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 14
August ‘06 run events
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CC in magnet CC in TT
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 15
August ‘06 run: Beam Direction
OPERA
August Run result: <>=3.4±0.3
y >0
y <0
y
z
Zenith angle of muon track
Select events around beam (0 < < 0.15 rad) direction and check if there are on time
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 16
μCC in the magnets
• CC in magnets selection efficiency 52% • very pure sample, NC contamination 4% (1,1 event)
August only with 2 cut • Data = 29 ± 5 evt.• MC = 23.7 evt.
August + October Data = 36 ± 6 evt.MC = 29.9 evt.
August + October Data = 36 ± 6 evt.MC = 29.9 evt.
Azimuth angle (rad) OnTime 319Trigger eq. 308OpRec 289Vertex 42MuID 36D
ata
re
duct
ion
Event selection:• on time beam events• μ id (> 10 Fe slabs)• fiducial volume
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 17
High energy muon charge ratio
Can be measured in using the OPERA spectrometers :
Overburden : ~3000 m.w.e.
Eμ underground : 300 GeVEμ surface cut-off : 1400 GeV
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 18
5. Brick production and filling
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 19
Brick components: lead
ChemicalVacuum pack Mech
pack
Alpha activity
Pb+ Ca 0.07% NO(Fog Up)
Yes Yes(<30 cm2/day)
Pb+Ca 0.04% NO(Fog Up)
Yes Yes(<30 cm2/day)
PbCa colaminatedwith pure
lead
Yes Yes Yes(<30 cm2/day)
Pb+ Sb 2.5% Yes Yes NO(Surface Po migration)
PbSb colaminatedwith pure
lead
Yes Yes NO(Surface Po migration)
Pure Pb Yes yes NO(Surface Po migration)
Lead vs emulsion chemical & radioactivity compatibility tests
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 20
Brick components: lead
•Mass production started at JL-Goslar in Jul ‘06•Custom production line for casting, lamination, washing and packing•Up to 800 brick/day granted
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 21
Brick components: emulsion
Produ-ction
Beam exposure
Develop-ment
Initial sensitivity
Development
After refreshing
Refreshing
Produ-ction
Beam exposure
Sensitivity of refreshed film
Condition : 30 98℃ % 3days
G.D. 36/100μm
F.D. 1.3/1000μm 3
G.D. below 8/100μm
F.D. 2.1/1000μm 3G.D. 33/100μm
F.D. 1.5/1000μm 3
Production
Beam exposure
Development
Refreshing
Performance of refreshed emulsion films
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 22
BAM: lead loading and drum section (in light)
lead box loading(one day work)
station for filling the BMS drums
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 23
BAM: dark room for 5 piling stations
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 24
BAM: piling and pressing station
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May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 25
BAM milestone and performance
Brick Production
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Weeks
Bri
ck
s
brick sum
weekly bricks
• Costruction started in Jan ‘05 in firm site• Delivery at LNGS starting in Jun ‘06• Comissioning and preproduction for Oct run in Sept ‘06• Many improvements since Mar ‘07 • Production in rather stable conditions since Mar-Apr ‘07• Up to last week 14.000 bricks produced • Production rate: 450 - 600 brick/day, ie 2-2.5 drums/day
last week
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 26
BMS (Brick Mainipulation System)
Loading station and drumfor brick transfer
Draw bridge for brick insertion
Storage Carrousel
Camera for positioning
Vacuum sucker vehicle to retrieve bricks
Portico
Manipulating platform
Filling performance: 2 drums/day
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 27
6. Emulsion analysis
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 28
Event reconstruction in the brick
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 29
Automated Microscopes for Nuclear Emulsions
High speed CCD Camera (3 kHz)
Piezo-controlled objective lens
Constant speed stage
Synchronization of objective lens and
stageCustomized commercial optics and
mechanics + asynchronous DAQ software
Hard-coded algorithms
scanning speed ~ 20 cm2/h
~ 30 bricks will be daily extracted from target and analyzed using high-speed automatic systems
S-UTS (Japan)European Scanning System
scanning speed ~ 30 cm2/h
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 30
Scanning capabilities in Europe
1. CSD scanning :6 ESS at LNGS -> ~ 8CSdoublet/day ( ~ 5
microscopes missing )
2. Brick Vertex location and confirmation : Italy : 12 10 bricks/day
EU : 6 ESS 5 bricks/day plate changer in progress ( with dry and oil
objectives )
• Dedicated to Special events ( min. bias, decays, electrons, …): Italy : 4 ESS ~ 200 events/yr EU : 2 ESS ~ 100 events/yr
•30 ESS distributed among 11 labs ( 22 ESS in 8 Italian labs ): Bari, Bern, Bologna, Lngs, Lyon, Napoli, Roma, Salerno + + Neuchatel, LNF, Padova
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 31
Electronic detector-brick connection
Connection between Electronic
trackers and CS:
• tested on few events (~10)
• good results (~70-80%)
• space for improvements
T T Predicted position CS Located position
Ago’06 run
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 32
Track Reconstruction and Vertex Search
position residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks
angular residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks
(vertical tracks)
scan-back efficiency 93.1%
volume scan
scan-backtracks followed backward
film by film
tracks in the CS doublet
vertex reconstruction
0.3 1.7 mrad
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 33
First neutrino event in emulsion
Muon momentum:• MCS (coord method) : 6.4 ± 1. GeV/c• Spectrometer (RPC) : 7.05 ± 0.4 GeV/c
October CNGS run:• CNGS induced rock muon selected by electronic detectors• brick tagging using the reconstruction software• CSD and brick analysed using the standard scanning system
Prediction accuracy :• Δx = 5.5 mm (along the tray)• Δy = 0.4 mm (vertical direction)• Δθx = 16.6 mrad• Δθy = 24.8 mrad
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 34
Brick emulsion alignment with cosmics
RMS 1.1μm
RMS 0.8μm
CNGS rock muon analysis
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 35
8. Detector filling strategy and CNGS runs
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 36
Detector filling
Assumptions :• Number of bricks on the end of April: 10000 (ok)• Ramp up from average actual speed 4 drums/w to 10 drums/w on
April 30th (~ok)• Reaching 15 drums/week on september 1st
Full target filled (150000 bricks) in May 2008 (including 15%contingencies and 3 weeks for holidays)
SPS tentative schedule : 2008
Physics starts end of april
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 37
CNGS run in 2007
Filling @ start run 15/9/07
Filling @ end run15/11/07
Integrated p.o.t
Bricks with interactions
59334 86802 1019 pot 465
~20 Charmed hadron decay
Total number of interactions Integrated p.o.t
x 1019
daysdays
19/3/07
3/9/07 11/11/07
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 38
9. OPERA sensitivity updated
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 39
OPERA sensitivity : nominal conditions
SK 90% CL(L/E analysis)
Opera nominal
Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction
Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5)
Opera with 30% bck reduction
90 % CL Sensitivity F&C
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 40
SK 90% CL(L/E analysis)
Opera nominal
Opera with 30% target mass reduction
90 % CL Sensitivity F&C
OPERA sensitivity : nominal conditions
25% reduction
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 41
10. Conclusions
Very effective contribution to the experiment installation by LNF
Servicies (Spas, SSCR, Electronic)
Support from LNF still needed for construction, running and
analysis ( workshops, fellowships, ….)
The electronic detectors of the OPERA experiment are ready for
data taking during the fore coming CNGS runs
The brick production is launched and the detector should be filled
before the physics run in 2008
The data analysis chain has been validated for the : electronic detectors during the CNGS beam periods and also
with cosmic rays in 2006
emulsion detectors during many test runs, especially with real
neutrino event from an exposure in the NUMI beam
OPERA Physics program is valid, and it is a great opportunity for
young physicists to learn about Neutrino Physics with real data
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 42
Detection of the appearance signal
Two conflicting requirements: Large mass low Xsection High granularity
signal selection background rejection
Target:1800 tons, 5 years running
• 30 000 neutrino interactions• ~150 interactions• ~15 identified• < 1 event of background
Toplogy selection:
Kink signature
The challenge is to identify interactions from interactions
-
Decay “kink”
-
~1 mm
oscillation
-
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 43
OPERA/CNGS1 : an hybrid detector
What the brick cannot do: trigger for a neutrino interaction muon identification and momentum/charge measurement need for an hybrid detector
supermodule
8 m
Target Trackers
Pb/Em. target
Emulsion analysis:
Vertex, decay kink e/ ID, multiple scattering, kinematics
Extract selected brick
Pb/Em. brick
8 cm Pb 1 mm
Basic “cell”
Emulsion
Electronic detectors:
Brick finding muon ID, charge and p
Link to mu ID,Candidate event
Spectrometer
May 11th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 44
8.3 Kg
Pb
Emulsion layers
1 mm
•ECC : target basic component• Em Provides high space resolution + Lead active target mass•Compact and modular structure
OPERA bricks 1 ECC= 56 Pb + 57 emulsions
2 emulsion layers (44 m thick)poured on a
200 m plastic base
12.5cm
10.2cm
10 X0’s
Interaction From NUMI exposure
Electron shower