may 2015 andreas schleicher skills outlook 2015 youth, skills and employability
TRANSCRIPT
May 2015
Andreas Schleicher
Skills Outlook 2015Youth, Skills and Employability
Young people in OECD countries
Many young people struggle in their transition to the labour-market
Youth who are neither employed nor in education (NEET)
Luxe
mbourg
Icelan
d
Netherl
ands
Switzerl
and
Norway
SwedenAus
tria
German
y
Denmark
Finland
Canad
a
Austra
lia
Sloven
ia
Czech
Repub
lic
New Zea
land
Estonia
BelgiumIsr
aelOECD
United
Kingdo
m
United
StatesFran
cePola
nd
Portug
alKore
a
Slovak
Repub
licIre
land
Hunga
ry
Mexico Ita
lySpa
in
GreeceTurk
ey0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2013 2008%
As a percentage of population, 15-29 year-olds
Young workers in routine jobs
Share of workers who consider they have little freedom to change the order of their tasks
Sweden
Finland
Norway
German
y
Austria
Estonia
Denmark
Japan
Flanders (B
elgium)
Czech
Republic
Netherla
nds
United States
Canada
Poland
Australi
aOECD
France
England/N
. Irelan
d ..
Spain
Slovak R
epublic
Korea
Italy
Ireland
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
16-29 year-olds 30-54 year-olds%
Youth who are badly prepared
Share of individuals with low numeracy skills
Korea
Japa
n
Finland
Netherl
ands
Flande
rs (Belg
ium)
Czech
Repub
lic
Estonia
Austria
Sweden
Slovak
Repub
lic
Denmark
German
y
OECD Averag
e
Norway
Poland
Austra
lia
Canad
aFran
ceIre
land
Spain
Englan
d/N. Ir
eland
(UK)
Italy
United
States
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
3516-29 year-olds 30-54 year-olds
%
7
Share of young NEET by parents’ place of birth
Canada
Australi
a
German
y
Austria
Netherla
nds
England/N
. Irelan
d (UK)
United States
Norway
Sweden
Estonia
Flanders (B
elgium)
France
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Native-born offspring of immigrants Offspring of native-born%
8
What can we do to strengthen young people’s skills and employability?
Make a better use of young people’s skills at
work
Integrate youth into the labour market
Improve young people education and skills
Build a comprehensive approach
Skills Scoreboard: strengths and weaknesses
Make a better use of young people’s
skills at work
Integrate youth into the labour
market
Improve young people education
and skills
Make a better use of young people’s
skills at work
Integrate youth into the labour
market
Improve young people education
and skills
Make a better use of young people’s
skills at work
Integrate youth into the labour market
Improve young people education
and skills
France IrelandItalySpain
Denmark Korea Norway Poland
AustriaCheck Rep. Slovak Rep. Sweden UK, US
Australia Belgium Canada Estonia Finland Germany Japan Netherlands
Improve young people education
and skills
Make a better use of young people’s
skills at work
Integrate youth into the labour
market
Preparing youths
Ensure that all youths leave school with relevant skills
11
Gap in literacy and problem-solving skills between young NEETs and employed youth
Englan
d/N. Ir
eland
(UK)
Sweden
Netherl
ands
Finland
Flande
rs (Belg
ium)
Estonia
German
y
Korea
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Literacy Problem solving in technology-rich environments%
New graduates (<2-years) with low numeracy skills (<226 points)
Japan
Korea
Austria
Denmark
Netherl
ands
Sweden
Finland
Czech
Rep
ublic
Slovak R
epublic
Flanders
(Belg
ium)
Poland
Australi
a
OECD Ave
rage
Norway
German
y
Canad
aSpain
France
Irelan
dIta
ly
England/N
. Irela
nd (UK)
United S
tates
0
5
10
15
20
25
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
Share of new graduates with low numeracy skills Average numeracy score (right axis)
Score%
Students and their experience with the labour market
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Students combining studies and work (as a share of studying youth)
Studying youth (as a share of total youth)%
18
Gap in numeracy skills between post-secondary VET students and students in academic programmes who have spent the same number of years in education
Austra
liaAus
tria
Canad
a
Czech
Repub
lic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
German
yIre
land
Japa
nKore
a
Norway
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United
States
Flande
rs (Belg
ium)
OECD avera
ge-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Level 1 and below Level 2 Level 3 Levels 4 and 5
Percentage points
Students in upper secondary vocational education who are participating in work-based learning
German
y
Australi
a
Netherla
nds
England/N
. Irelan
d (UK)
Austria
Denmark
Norway
Finland
Estonia
Sweden
Poland
Spain
Czech
Republic
Flanders (B
elgium)
Japan
Korea
France
Slovak R
epublic Ita
ly0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
apprenticeship working outside of apprenticeship studying only%
22
Below level1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
16-29 year-olds 30-54 year-olds%
Share of workers in routine jobs by level of numeracy skills
Austria
Sweden
France
Korea
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Japan
United States
Australia
Netherlands
ItalyFinland Germany
0.06
0.03 Denmark
Ireland
Norway Poland
United KingdomSpain
Estonia
Skills Scoreboard: Is the development of skills inclusive?
Inequity
Equity
Low performance at school
Strong link between social background and student performance
Strong influence of migration background
Ensure that all young people leave school with relevant skills
• Take a holistic approach to skills
• Provide multiple pathways within the education system. Give disengaged youth a second chance to reintegrate into the education system
• Develop work-based learning programmes across different types of education, including universities
• Design high quality vocational education and training programmes that develop cognitive and social and emotional skills, and labour market experience
• Base career guidance services on relevant assessment of the market returns of various career paths
• Engage employers and other stakeholders in the education system at all levels .
Reengage youths
Identify and help NEETs to reengage
Youth who risk of falling under the radar NEET who are not looking for a job
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Unemployed NEETs Inactive NEETs Share of inactive NEETs in total NEETs%%
Youth who are NEET and not looking for a job (inactive) or looking for a job (unemployed), 2013
Skills scoreboard: How close are NEETs to the labour market?
AustriaSweden
France
Korea
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Japan
United States
Australia
Netherlands
Italy
Finland
Germany
0.060.03
Denmark IrelandNorway
Poland
United Kingdom
Spain
Estonia
Close
Far
High share of inactive NEETs
Share of NEETs with poor skills
Share of NEETs without baseline qualifications
Share of long-term unemployed NEETs
28
Identify and help the NEETs to re-engage
• Develop a system of mutual obligations between youth and institutions
• Encourage employment through efficient job-search assistance and training, monitoring and financial incentives
• Target places in training programmes and job subsidies to youth with low skills and those who face specific barriers in the labour market .
Reengaging youths
Remove institutional barriers to youth employment
31
Remove institutional barriers to youth employment
• Design skills-friendly tax policies to foster employment of low-skilled youth
• Continue to lower the gap in employment protection legislation between temporary and permanent contracts
• Encourage end-of-study internships within a framework that combines flexibility and obligations to firms .
Using skills
Make better use of young workers skills
Young workers on temporary contracts As a share of total employment in each age group, 2013
Australia
Estonia
United Kin...
Turkey
Denmark
Slovak Repu...
Norway
HungaryOECD
Japan
GreeceKorea
Czech Repu...
Canada
Luxembourg
BelgiumIre
land
Iceland
Austria
FinlandChile
Switzerla
ndIta
ly
Germany
Netherlands
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
15-24 year-olds 25-54 year-olds%
35
Use of skills at work, by type of employment contract
OECD Average
England/N. Ireland (UK)
Flanders (Belgium)
United States
Sweden
Spain
Slovak Republic
Poland
Norway
Netherlands
Korea
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Germany
France
Finland
Estonia
Denmark
Czech Republic
Canada
Austria
Australia
Indefinite minus fixed-term (unadjusted)
Indefinite minus fixed-term (adjusted)
-2 0 0 20 40
Numeracy
%
-2 0 0 20 40
ICT
%
-2 0 0 20 40
Problem Solving
%
Skills Scoreboard: do workplaces promote skills?
Austria
Sweden
France
KoreaSlovak Republic
Czech Republic
Japan
United States
Australia
Netherlands
Italy
Finland
Germany
0.060.03
Denmark
Ireland
Norway
Poland United Kingdom
Spain
Estonia
To a large extent
To a small extent
Task discretionLearning by doing
Use of problem-solving skills at work
Use of co-operation skills at work
39
Skills mismatchby type of mismatch and age group
Youth (16-29) Prime-age workers (30-49)
Older workers (50-65)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Over-qualified and mismatched by field of study
Youth (16-29) Prime-age workers (30-49)
Older workers (50-65)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Mismatched by field of study only
Youth (16-29) Prime-age workers (30-49)
Older workers (50-65)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Over-qualified only
Youth (16-29) Prime-age workers (30-49)
Older workers (50-65)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Literacy over-skilled only
40
Wages and mismatch, by type of mismatch and age group
Mismatched by field of study
Over-skilled Under-skilled Over-qualified Under-qualified-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
2.52916804622328
-1.59956957151017
-21.4405405108698
-6.59294204459797
-3.83570771059888
-0.545009332920598
0.650016820882872
-8.04253905144018
-16.6024997330647
7.73917606214474
-3.77260037261344
7.0972967738434
10.106454699346
-16.9561417458736
10.3900257931245
Youth (16-29) Prime-age workers (30-49) Older workers (50-65)
As a percentage change in wages due to mismatch, 2012
41
Share of individuals interested in entrepreneurship, European countries
Average
15–24 years
25–39 years
40–54 years
More than 55 years
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very/Quite feasible Not very/Not feasible Don't know/Not applicable
42
Making a better use of young workers’ skills
• Remove barriers to geographical mobility to allow for local matching of jobs and skills
• Develop (inter)national qualification frameworks and formal recognition of skills acquired through non-formal and informal learning
• Promote more effective work organisation and human resource management strategies
• Remove barriers to entrepreneurship
• Invest in tools for assessing and anticipating skills needs .
43
Find Out More at:
http://skills.oecd.org/skillsoutlook.htm All national and international publications
The complete micro-level database
Without data, you are just another person with an opinion
…and remember:
Twitter@SchleicherEDU