maya, aztec, and inca civilizations
DESCRIPTION
Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations. Mesoamerica. Some of the greatest civilizations in the Americas developed in Mesoamerica The Maya and Aztec lived in the Mesoamerican region. Mesoamerica. Mesoamerica = Mexico & Central America. How did people first get to the Americas?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Maya, Aztec, and IncaCivilizations
![Page 2: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mesoamerica• Some of the greatest civilizations in
the Americas developed in Mesoamerica
• The Maya and Aztec lived in the Mesoamerican region
![Page 3: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica = Mexico & Central America
![Page 4: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How did people first get to the Americas?
• Theory #1 = Bering land bridge
Humans migrated into North America from Asia by crossing over a land bridge between Alaska and Siberia…
![Page 5: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How did people first get to the Americas?
• Theory #2 = Coastal migration
Humans migrated to the Americas by crossing the seas, most likely the Pacific Ocean, and settling along the western coasts of the Americas…
![Page 7: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Where did the ancient Maya live?
• The Maya settled on the Yucatan Peninsula in central America.
![Page 8: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Maya Political Structure• The Maya were NOT AN EMPIRE and
NOT UNITED politically…
• Maya civilization was made up of city-states
• Each city-state had its own ruler
![Page 9: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mayan Civilization• Between 300 and 900 A.D.• -Flourished during this time. We do
not know why it fell into decline. The Maya abandoned their cities, we do not know why.
![Page 10: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Political and Social Structure
• Cities-Were built around a central pyramid
• Pyramid-Was topped with a shrine to the gods.
• City-States-Each governed by a hereditary ruling class
![Page 11: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mayan Kings
• -Ruled the Mayan Kingdom• They claimed they were divine• Were assisted by nobles and a class
of scribes• Made special blood sacrifices to
maintain the kingdom.
![Page 12: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mayan ReligionThe Mayas were Polytheistic.
• They believed that all of life was in the hands of a divine power.
• They were responsible for pleasing the gods.
• Their gods were ranked in order of importance, the Jaguar was the god of night
and was seen as evil.• The Maya practiced human sacrifice to
appease their gods
![Page 13: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mayan CalendarThe Maya developed a calendar that had two different parts:
--It had a solar calendar with 365 days, divided into 18 months with 20 days each with 5 extra days at the end.
--A Lunar calendar and a Calendar based on the movement of the Planet Venus.
![Page 15: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
This was a sacred calendar with 260 days and 13 weeks of 20 days each.
• The Mayan calendar says our present world was created in 3114 B.C. and the current world will end on December 23 2012 A.D.
![Page 16: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Accomplishments
• Language• The Maya developed an independent
Hieroglyphic language. • The Spanish destroyed most of the
Mayan writings. They were not seen as having any value. Their language was not translated until the 20th century.
![Page 19: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Maya Architecture• built towering temples and palaces
• Atop the temples, priests performed religious ceremonies and sacrifices while people watched from the plazas below
• Ceremonial platforms, temples, pyramids, observatories, ball courts all built by the Maya
![Page 20: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Maya today…more than 2 million Maya people live
in Guatemala and southern Mexico today.
![Page 21: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Tikal
![Page 22: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Chichén Itzá
![Page 25: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 28: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Where did the Aztecs live?• The Aztecs lived in what is known as
the Valley of Mexico in central Mexico starting around the 1200 AD.
![Page 29: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Tenochtitlan• Tenochtitlan was the capital city of
the Aztec Empire.
![Page 30: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
How did the Aztecs build a city in the center of a lake?
• Tenochtitlan was built on an island• It was connected to the mainland by
causeways leading north, south, and west of the city.
• The city was interlaced with a series of canals, so that all sections of the city could be visited either on foot or by canoe.
![Page 31: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Legend of TenochtitlanThe gods told the Aztecs to search for an eagle holding a snake in its beak perched atop a cactus.
This is where they were to build their capital city. The Aztecs saw this sign on a swampy island in lake Texcoco.
![Page 32: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Legend of Tenochtitlan
![Page 33: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Tenochtitlan• Today, Tenochtitlan
is Mexico City
![Page 35: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Religion & Mythology• Aztecs were polytheistic• Huitzilopochtli was
the main Aztec god.(weets se lo poch tlee)
• The Aztecs built massive temples and pyramids dedicated to their gods
![Page 36: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Religion & MythologyPyramid of the Sun Pyramid of the Moon
![Page 37: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Government• The Aztecs created an empire through
conquest• Conquered people and local rulers
had to pay tribute to the Aztecs
![Page 38: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Human Sacrifice• Human sacrifice was a common practice of the
Aztecs.
• For the reconsecration of Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, the Aztecs reported that they sacrificed 84,400 prisoners over the course of four days.
• To give the sun strength to riseeach day, human sacrifices wereoffered.
![Page 39: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Destruction of the AztecThe subjugation of the people of the Aztec Empire bred hatred and discontent among the people. When the Spanish arrived they did not have a difficult time finding allies to fight the Aztec.
Hernán Cortés 1519--Spanish Conquistador who came to the valley of Mexico in 1519 with 550 soldiers and 16 horses. He was at first greeted by the Aztec Emperor Montezuma (Moctezuma). The Spanish later kidnapped the Emperor and made him a puppet. The people rebelled and the Emperor was killed. The Spanish barely escaped.
The Spanish returned several months later. Many of the natives had fallen ill with Smallpox. Cortés and his allies destroyed the Aztec capital and subjugated the Aztec people.
![Page 40: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What happened to the Aztecs?
• Spanish conquistadors led by Hernan Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan and defeated the Aztecs in 1521.
![Page 41: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Aztec Video Clips“Engineering An Empire”http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=6255
“What the Ancients Did For Us”http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=10964
![Page 42: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Student Assignment,chapter 16-3
• 1-Explain the story of Quetzalcoatl• 2-Explain the importance of the Triple
Alliance• 3-Describe the class system in Aztec
society• 4-What made Tenochtitlan so unique?
![Page 44: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Where did the Inca live?• The Inca controlled an empire in the Andes
Mountain region of South America.
![Page 45: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Government• The Sapa Inca (emperor) had absolute
power.
• The emperor claimed to be the son of the sun.
• The emperor was also the empire’s religious leader.
• The empire was divided into four regions with the capital at Cuzco.
![Page 46: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Uniting the Empire• The Inca built a massive road network
through mountains and across rivers and gorges.
![Page 47: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Stonework• The Inca constructed stone temples without
using mortars yet the stones fit together so well that a knife would not fit between the stones.
![Page 48: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Religion• The Inca were polytheistic.• The primary god was Inti, the sun
god.
![Page 49: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Religion• Inca believed in reincarnation.• The Inca practiced cranial
deformation.-They achieved this by wrapping tight
cloth straps around the heads of newborns to alter the shape of their soft skulls into a cone-like shape.
![Page 50: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Medical Advances• The Inca performed successful skull
surgery.
• The Inca also used medicines to make patients unconscious during surgery
![Page 51: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Organization• Each family in a community was
assigned a specific job.
• Government officials arranged marriages.
• The government organized mandatory public service building projects.
![Page 52: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
What happened to the Inca?• Civil war in the empire broke out...
AND
• Smallpox spread, killing much of the Inca…
![Page 53: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Fall of the Inca• BUT ultimately, it was Spanish
conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro that brought about the fall of the Inca Empire.
![Page 54: Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816401550346895dd5a090/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Inca Video Clip
http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=2301