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!"#$%&'()(

(*+,#-#%./01(#%(%"&(2&3$4&(5'/6$(

Timothy Preston and Thomas Guderjan

__________________________________________________________________

The Remple Group is a residential group associated with the Blue Creek central precinct located

the southeastern end of the Blue Creek polity. The group is composed of a single six-meter tall

shrine and at least a dozen associated structures. Thomas Guderjan and the Maya Research

program first described the Remple Group in 1997, it was subsequently excavated by Antonio

Padilla (2007). In 2005 it was named Akab Muclil (Padilla and Lohse 2005) but they were

apparently unaware of previous fieldwork and we continue to use the original name.

Padillas MA thesis (2007) was based upon several weeks of fieldwork at the Remple Group and

built the argument that an Early Postclassic (EPC) occupation existed there but he did not

attaempt to determine whether it was a remanant group of survivors of the Terminal Classic

abandonment of the area or an EPC re-occupation. Our excavation was inititated to clarify this

question. This report details two excavations: the clearing of overburden from in front of

Structure 1 and the description of a unique sacrificial burial encountered during exploratory

excavations of Structure 4. A third excavation was conducted into a Late to Terminal Classic

midden located to the south of Structure 1, on the edge of the settlement group. Our results of the

midden excavation will not be detailed as Padilla also excavated in the same midden with

virtually identical results and the reader is refered to his field report (Padilla, Morgan and Lohse

2006).

Recording Methodology

Several conventions and terms are used throughout this report. All structures numbers are

formally preceded by the R appellation. However, the R prefix is dropped at times, therefore

for this report both R-1 and Structure 1 refer to the same building. Construction phases are

numbered using Roman numerals Phase I, Phase II, Phase III (PI, PII, PIII, etc) with lower


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numbers indicating earlier construction. Floors are numbered in the same manner; Floor Iis

earlier thanFloor II (FI, FII) was encountered.

Burials and caches follow the Blue Creek sequence.Burial 65 is the 65th

burial discovered in the

extended Blue Creek Site. This includes the Blue Creek site core, Kin Tan (Western Group),

and Chum Balam-nal, but excludes the Rosita settlement zone.

The excavations were recorded using the modified Tikal protocol: Operation, Sub-Operation,

and Lot. All excavations were conducted under the same Operation, R1102. Sub-Operations

were assigned to each structure: Structure R-4 was recorded under Sub-Op A, Structure R-1 is

Sub-Op B, and the midden was Sub-Op C. Lots are the smallest unit of record and were

numbered sequentially within the Operation. Lots can refer to a spatially bounded excavationunit, for example a 1x1 meter excavation unit, or by intention, an artifact assemblage, burial, or

stripping operation.

Sub-Operation A

Sub-operation A consists of all excavations conducted on Remple Structure 4. The excavation

runs east 2.5 meters from a test trench excavated in 2005, to the edge of the structure and north

1.5 meters from the south, front, wall. The primary purpose of this excavation was to strip

overburden and collapse debris from the front of the structure and locate any special deposits that

might be in situ either along the base of the structure or at the corner. The excavation also

consisted of floor penetrations within the exposed potion of structure R-4. The penetrations were

performed in order to establish chronology of the building.

The limited extent of excavations conducted on structure R-4 precludes determination of either

the overall dimensions of the building or the original form. Certain details were determined

during the course of excavations. A masonry room block sits on a 60 cm tall basal platform thatoriginally extended approximately 60 cm from the front and side of the superstructure room

block. The superstructure survives to a height of 65 cm above the basal platform.


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Structure R-4 Roomblock Interior and Penetration

The details of the superstructure have been almost completely destroyed through the processes of

collapse. Only a single partial course of masonry blocks survives above Floor II, making the

height of the original structure impossible to determine.

After clearing overburden and collapse layers a single floor, FII, was encountered 100 cm above

the exterior ground level and 50 cm above the basal platform.. Few ceramics were encountered

in this level, the majority of which were either eroded or unidentifiable body sherds. Identifiable

ceramics include an unslipped Uaxactun jar rim, half of an intact Redware bowl, ! of an

Uaxactun unslipped jar, and " of an intact Redware bowl allow the final use of the site to be

assigned to either the Terminal Classic (LC3) or the beginning of the Postclassic (PC1).

However, the relative lack of Postclassic ceramics coupled with the intact nature of the vessels

makes it unlikely that the site was extensively occupied at this date. It is more likely that the

Postclassic ceramics indicate veneration events.

Figure 1. Structure 4 Exterior Figure 2. Structure 4 Burial Chamber


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Burial 65

Figure 3. Burial 65

Penetration below Floor IIrevealed that the floor was 17 cm thick and reinforced by included

boulders. The floor overlaid a fill matrix composed of loosely packed silty soil with few cobble

intrusions. Excavation to the bottom of the fill revealed a second floor (FI) that corresponded to

the height of the exterior basal platform. Burial 65, composed of a relatively complete human

skeleton was laid directly on the second floor. The burial chamber itself appears to consist of an

internally filled room or partial room segmented by an interior transverse wall constructed of cut

stones. This is indicated by the lack of tradition sub-floor cobble fill.


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Figure 4. Burial 65 Plan Map

Figure 5. Burial 65 Profile Map


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The burial is laid out in an east/west orientation with the cranial end of the skeleton

towards the west. The remains were relatively intact and articulated, allowing for

taphonic process and movement. A partial left scapula and clavicle were located against

the transverse wall, with the left humerus and eroded vertebrae in line with the

orientation of the body. Two partial long bones, probable left ulna and radius were in

anatomical position at the distal end of the left humerus. The leg bones were located to

the east with the proximal end of the left femur oriented towards the cranial end of the

body and the remaining leg bones, right femur, fibula and tibia, flexed beneath.

Identifiable tarsal and metatarsals were located towards the midline of the body, but at

their articulated position at the distal end of the tibia and fibulas. Taken together, the

position of the articulated bones show that the body was situated on its right side, facing

north, and positioned in a reverse flex. It is unknown if the body was bound in a reverse

flex prior to death or if the legs were moved into this position to fit the body into the

constrained space of the burial chamber. No cranial elements were located at this level of

the burial.

Removal of the exposed skeletal elements revealed a cut inFloor IIdirectly beneath the

leg bones. The cut was filled with loosely packed cobbles. Excavation of the cobbles

revealed an inverted Achote Black bowl. The vessel was intact without a kill hole. Lifting

the bowl exposed the missing cranium. The cranium fit tightly within the bowl. All

Figure 6. Burial 65 Vessel Figure 7. Burial 65 Cranium


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elements located within the bowl were intact including the occipital, parietal, frontal and

temporal bones. No elements of the mid or lower face remained intact, as they would

have protruded beneath the bowl and into the burial matrix, which consisted of loosely

pack silty soil with cobble intrusions. Teeth and parts of an eroded mandible and maxilla

were recovered from the burial matrix. The cranium appears to have been complete at the

time of the internment. The skull was oriented facing north, as was the postcranial

remains above. Partial long bones and phalanges were discovered immediately south of

the bowl. No grave goods apart from the Achote bowl were associated with this burial.

The position of the skeletal remains along with the lack of associated grave goods and

kill hole in the vessel suggest an intriguing interpretation of the burial. It is possible that

the individual was bound in a reverse flex and sacrificed before interment. The left hand

and cranium were removed and interred within the cut inFloor I. The cut was filled and

the postcranial remains were then placed above the head. It is unknown if the

decapitation and amputation of the left hand occurred pre or post mortem. While

sacrificial events of this sort are well documented in the Maya area they are relatively

unknown in Blue Creek with only two possible adult sacrificial events recorded in the

preceding 20 years.

Sub-Operation B

All excavations on Remple Structure 1, the central shrine, were assigned to sub-operation

B. The intent of this excavation was to strip the baseline of the structure and look for any

possible ceramic concentrations or special deposits. In total, overburden and collapse was

removed from 10 linear meters of the structure, exposing the front, north face, of

Structure 1 staring at the approximate centerline to the west corner. No penetrations were

performed during this excavation. The final form of R-1 conforms to typical Early

Classic architectural norms consisting rounded inset/outset corners and central staircase

constructed with thin non-structural vertical risers or veneer stones. The staircase allowed

access to a Roomblock that surmounted the Early Classic platform. In the Late classic the

room block was filled and the structure was raised to its final height of five meters.


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A looters trench placed along the

centerline of front staircase

exposed the extent of the

doorway into the Early Classic

Roomblock. The trench defined

the beginning of the stripping

operation.

The majority of ceramics

recovered from the exaction date

to the Late to Terminal Classic

(LC1-3, LC 2-3) with Mt.

Maloney, Tu-Tu Camp,

Rubercamp and Achote forms

being the most common.

Minimal, but relatively intact,

Post Classic ceramics were located

in two locations. Several partial

vessels were recovered from alongthe centerline of the staircase; a Uaxactun unslipped bowl (!

Uaxactun jar (), and an unslipped anthropomorphic censor leg. In addition an unslipped

Uaxactun bowl rim and base were recovered from the summit of the structure. The

predominance of Late Classic forms and the dearth of Post Classic forms coupled with

the intact nature of the Post Classic vessels again suggest that we are witnessing a

revisitation event rather that continuing occupation

Figure 8. Structure 1 Stair


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Figure 9. Structure 1 Maps in both Plan and Profile Views

Figure 10. Structure 1 Western Corner


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Staircase

Only the western extent of the central staircase was excavated during the 2011 field season.

The excavated portion of the stair extends 3.55 meters from the looters trench west to the

corner and protrudes 2.1 meters from the front, north, face ofStructure 1.

The stair wasconstructed in two phases.Phase Iof the stair consists of a basal platform and a single step

built against the structure. The basal platform extends the entire length of the stair and

projects 1.46 meters from the rear step. The rear step measures 60 cm in depth. The

platform and step rise to a height of 1.3 meters.

A second later staircase was built on top of the first phase. This stair consists of an

additional three steps and only partially covers the underlying platform. The secondary stair

only measures 2.65 meters from the looters trench, leaving90 cm of the original platform

exposed. Each of the risers measure 70 cm. The first two steps run for 60 cm in depth. The

third step is twice as deep and acts as a small platform in front of the structure. In the Early

Classic these steps would have provided access to summit Roomblock.

Artifacts

Two artifact concentrations were located on the staircase. Near the centerline of the

structure 2 partial Postclassic vessels were excavated along with an anthropomorphic

figurine leg and 2 coral beads. All of the artifacts were in stratigraphicaly mixed layer due

to tree fall. There is no clear indication that they were part of the same assemblage or

depositional event. A likely interpretation of the artifacts is that they belong to a veneration

event occurring either at the time of abandonment or soon after.

The second assemblage was found in situ at floor level on the small platform that forms the

summit of the staircase. It was located at the rear of the stair against the structure wall. The

assemblage consists of a single frontal bone and a ! Mt. Maloney bowl rim. This deposit

dates to the Late or Terminal Classic (LC 2-3) and represents another veneration ritual.

A second crania bone was located at ground level along the western face of the main

structure. There was no refit with frontal bone located on the staircase. It is unknown if


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these two pieces originated with the same individual or not, or if they represent one or two

ritual events.

No other artifacts of note were discovered during the excavation. All ceramics other that

those previously mentioned date to the Late to Terminal Classic (LC 1-3, LC 2-3),

however, no pure Terminal Classic markers were discovered. This dates the final intensive

occupation to the late Classic, with only sporadic or transient occupation occurring in the

Post Classic.

Sub-Operation C

This sub-operation consists of a 2 x 2 test excavation of a large Late Classic midden

located 10 meters south of Structure 1. The excavation was conducted using 10-centimeter

levels in order to tightly control the stratigraphy of the artifacts recovered. At the point of

excavation the midden descended vertically for 50 centimeters and terminated at the

underlying bedrock. In total over 1,700 ceramic sherds were recovered from the test pit.

The majority of the ceramics were either eroded or consisted of unidentifiable body sherds.

The identifiable ceramics dated the deposit to the late classic (LC1-3, LC2-3) with Chilar,

Achote, and Cubeta types dominating the collection. No identifiable Postclassic ceramics

were recovered. Over 200 individual faunal artifacts were recovered. These consisted of

jute and pomecia shells, deer bones, turtle shell, and a single primate molar. In addition 2

partial striated obsidian blades, a biface preform, a partial biface, and numerous small lithic

flakes were recovered from the midden.

Conclusion

The fundamental purpose of re-examing the Remple Group was to determine whether the

EPC occupation well-documented by Padilla (2007) and Padilla, et al. (2006) represented a

re-occupation of the group after a Terminal Classic abandonment or whether is represented

the lingering existence of a group of survivors of the Terminal Classic abandonment. The

clear result of this excavation is that the group was re-occupied sometime in the range of


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100-200 yearss after abandonment, likely at about the same time and related to the re-

occupation of the Birds of Paradise well dated to AD 1100 (Preston and Majewski 2010)

References Cited

Padilla, Antonio2007!Akab Muclil: A Classic to Postclassic Hinterland Settlement in Northwestern Belize.Unpublished MA Thesis, Department of Anthropology, Texas Tech University.

Antonio Padilla, Molly Morgan, Jon C. Lohse And Cinda Timberly2006 2005 Season Excavations At Akab Muclil, Northwestern Belize In 2005 SeasonExcavations at Akab Muclil, Northwestern Belize, edited by Jon C. Lohse. Maya ResearchProgram, Ft. Worth, Texas.

Preston, Timothy and Tara Majewski2010 Excavations of a fieldhouse in the Birds of Paradise fields. In The 2009 Season of the

Blue Creek Archaeological Project, edited by Thomas H. Guderjan. Maya ResearchProgram, University of Texas at Tyler.!

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Aak Witz is a large, elite residential group approximately 500 meters west of the Bedrock

central precinct. Aak Witz consists of a courtyard sided by four structures and a large linear

structure east of the courtyard, all situated on top of a hill top. Bedrock is a small center,

located approximately 15 miles from Blue Creek, that has been very heavily impacted by

recent clearing and agriculture. This is one of a number of small centers located in the

western portion of our study area that are located on the margins of large bajo stystems and

seem to be the central places for settlements encircling these bajos (G. Hammond 2009). In

this case, the site is located on the northern side of the Dumbbell Bajo (Figure 1). The site

was found and mapped by Thomas Guderjan in the late 1990s. At that time, we also

realized that significant lithic workshops existed at and nearby the site core. In 1999,

continued clearing south of the Bedrock central precinct exposed a large buried tomb whena bulldozer caused its roof to collapse. While intact artifacts in the tomb had been removed

and the tomb backfilled by the time we were alerted, we recoveredDaylight Orange sherds

from the tomb, indicating a probale Terminal Classic date (Navarro Farr 1999). At the

same time, we were given access to an important carved-molded vessel that had been found

in the central precinct when it had been originally cleared. We re-assembled the broken pot

and returned it to the landowner with the expectation that we would have permanent access

to it. The vessel is a carved-molded balckware depicting God I of the Palenque triad who isholding a zoomorphic offeratory skull as well as some less well-defined figures (Haines

2011).

In 2001, Jason Barrett undertook excavations of lithic workshops at Bedrock as part of his

investigation of stone resource procurement, manufacture and distribution in the area

(Barrett 2003, 2005). In 2002, he expanded these excavations to the Sotohob Group (Site


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On Top Of Hill Overlooking Bajo) which is approximately 1 km. east of Bedrocks

Central Precinct. Also in 2001, Ryan Mongeluzzo undertook test excavations in the main

plaza and of an outlying mound (Mongelluzzo 2003). The major consequence of

Mongelluzzos efforts was to document occupation of the central precinct from the LatePreclassic through the Late Classic period. During this time, Marc Wolf re-mapped the

central precinct. Unfortunately, issues between Wolf and the project director at the time

resulted in us not receiving the final map. These have been resolved and a map is now

forthcoming.

Figure 1.

Location of the Bedrock central precinct

At about the same time, Kim Cox, an MRP board member and active fieldworker, was

onsite when the owner of an adjacent property was about to bulldoze an elite residence. Mr.


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Cox was able to convince the owner to cease his activities to protect the courtyard for

Tom and MRP. In 2007, we revisited this courtyard, now known as Aak Witz, and

realized its potential for yielded data about Bedrocks terminal dynamics and abandonment.

Excavations at Aak Witz were initiated in 2008 in search of data regarding abandonment,

in particular, Termination Deposits that would allow us to compare the abandonment of

Aak Witz with that of Blue Creek. Not only did we recover data relevant to abandonment,

but we also discovered an artificial cave or chultun in the courtyard. This artificial cave, by

chance, penetrated a deeply buried, extremely well preserved Early Classic midden

(Graeves, Guderjan and Brown 2009). In 2010 we excavated a column from this midden

with high expectations of obtaining important botanical samples. Unfortunately,

preservation was not at all as good as we had hoped and no macrobotanical remains wer

recovered.

During the 2011 we conducted a 4 week excavation at Aak Witz to complete the 2008

search for information related to abandonment and community interaction and to further

understand the unexcavated structures of the site. The excavations focused on one

unexcavated structure within the courtyard and the large structure lying parallel on the east

of the courtyard. Additionally, a chultun to the north of the complex was also investigated.

Excavations

Operation 10.

Structures, A, B, C were archaeologically investigated in 2008. This seasons excavations

investigations focused on Structures D (situated within the courtyard), E (outside the

courtyard), and the chultun was designated sub-op F.

On structures D, E, there were two distinct layers that were excavated the Humic layer and

the structural fill. The humic layer was heavily vegetated with abundant tree roots, leaves,

and decaying organic matter. The sediment was a mixture of decaying residual limestone


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mixed with decaying plant material; the deposit was a silt loam with a loose to soft dry

consistence, a slightly sticky/slightly plastic to plastic consistence, moderately abundant

gravels, some structural rubble (cobbles and boulders of limestone and chert), an

abrupt/smooth lower boundary, was very poorly sorted, and had a Munsell color of 10YR3/2 Very Dark Grayish Brown.

Directly under the humus was a layer of collapsed construction material rich in limestone

and chert cobbles and boulders. This deposit was also a silt loam with a soft dry

consistence, a slightly sticky/plastic wet consistence, a weak massive structure, a

clear/smooth lower boundary, was poorly to very poorly sorted, and had a Munsell color of

10YR 6/1 Light Brownish Gray. In some places, the structural fill was almost pure

decayed limestone, with a Munsell color of 10YR 7/1 Light Gray to 8/1 White. The entirestructural fill was largely undifferentiated; large boulders that probably represent roof fall

were ubiquitous throughout the fill, but did tend to congregate towards the floors of the

rooms.

Sup-op D: Structure D

Figure 2.


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Structure D facing north-west.

Structure D faces south and is the smallest of the excavated buildings. The building had not

preserved well, although the floor to the east was still in good condition the western wallwas completed missing and the floor was broken up making the end of the building un-

identifiable but full measurable extent of the structure was 7.93m. The structure had one

main doorway in the centre of the southern wall 1.5m wide that was accessible from the

main courtyard only.

The east of the structure has a 45cm raised floor 45cm 1.2m to the eastern wall.

Figure 3.

Raised floor area on structure D


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Penetration excavations were done to where the floor appeared to have cuts from secondary

intrusive activity, from this two burials were discovered. Both the burials were placed

within the rubble fill and covered with wet laid plaster, they were both in very poor

condition. No grave goods were present with the burials. Very few ceramics wereexcavated either in front of this structure or inside the room blocks, what was collected was

mixed in with the rubble and room collapse and very few datable ceramics were recovered.

Sup-op F: Structure F

Facing East this22 meter long linear structure was divided into four rooms each separated

by a permanent plastered wall. The main doorways exit on the east side and face the main

Bedrock core, however room 4 had only a internal doorway into room 3 and room 3 has a

additional doorway on the west leading towards the courtyard group. During the

excavations only 2 of the 4 rooms were fully excavated due to time constraints and the poor

preservation of the last room, room 1 and room 2 were only half excavated, this was due

to a large trees that had grown over parts of there structure making it dangerous to excavate

fully.

The structure was built by taking large limestone boulders and shaping them into

rectangular blocks, stacking the blocks, and then covering them with a limestone-based

plaster. The Munsell color of the wall and floor plaster ranged from 10YR 7/1 Light Gray

to 8/1 White. The doorways measured 1.5 m wide. The walls were very thick, especially

the exterior walls, which measured about 94 cm wide along the back wall and 64cm along

the front facing wall. The interior walls were slightly thinner, approximately 32 cm thick.

During penetration excavations a 1.2 m wall was found under the floor in the middle of the

building, this would have acted as support for the long structure and supported the rubble

fill.


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Figure 4.

Structure F looking north room 2(closet) and

room 1

Rooms 1-2 are of an equal size and layout (approximately 8 x 4), they have only the one

exit to the east and there are no internal doors between the rooms, One burial found in

room 1 (burial 9) it was deposited into the bubble fill with wet laid plaster on top, it was a

secondary burial with no grave goods. Room 2 contained 2 burials 6, a sub-adult male, and

10, burial 6 was laid into the rubble fill with wet laid plaster on top, it was a secondary

burial with no grave goods. Burial 10 was a cist burial of a adult male, with large cut stones

forming the wall of the cist ad capped with a large stone with wet laid plaster capping the

cist, the body was in a flexed position with the head pointing south. The grave contained a

pink coral bead, shell bead and a small chert bi-face.

Figure 5.

Burial 10 cist burial


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Room 3 has two doorways, one on the eastern and one on the western walls. The westerndoorway leads down a plastered ramp with no definable edges due to decay,

Figure 6.

view facingeast into

room 3

Room 3 contained a single cist burial in the western doorway, possibly old female.

Surrounded by 6 roughly shaped limestone blocks, the cist had no cap stone, a very thick

(15cm) floor was just resealed over it. The burial contained no grave goods.

Figure 7.

Burial 8 cist burial with outer stone removed


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Room 4 is the exception only approximately 2.5 meters. It has an internal door into room 3

and no external doors to the outside, there was no evidence of this room being an extension

to the structure as the out wall and rubble fill were continuous from room 3 to room 4.

During excavation a large uncovered cut was discovered in the floor of room 4 however itseems that its contents had been removed prior to the hole being covered with a large

mound of rubble fill. There was no evidence of the function or use of this room.

Figure 8.

view into room 4 with rubble fill covering the cut.

Room 4 contained Burials 4 and 5, both were placed into the rubble with wet laid plaster

over. Burial 4 was a sub-adult young male. Burial 5 was the most interesting as it was the


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burial of a young child of approximately 2-4 years, within the grave was a unidentified

incised mottled black/red RO jar - 1/4 intact, a obsidian blade and a bi-face.

Operation 10 Chultun F

The original entrance to the chultun was covered by three large uncut boulders, the

entrance of the chultun was round 105cm wide and had chamfered cut edge. The chultun

goes down from the entrance 133cm before it turns and drops 79cm into the main chamber.

The main chamber was once plaster lined but is now in disrepair with a pitted appearance

caused by collapse, water and animal activity. Some small heavily eroded sherds of

ceramics were recovered from the chultun but nothing from a secure context. The soilspresent in the chultun were representative of material that had washed in from the outside,

there did not appear to be any human deposited layers or any material of any archaeological

significance.

Figure 9.

chamfered opening of chultun


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Figure10.

the fully excavated chultun.

Conclusion

This report documents the completion of our fieldwork at Aak Witz. Our next step in the

process of investigating Bedrock is to compile an overview summary which will

incorporate the ongoing ceramic analyses that will allow us to compare Aak Witzs history

and abandonment with other areas. Additionally, we seek to compare Aak Witz and

Sotohob and their relationships to the central precinct of Bedrock. This will be done in a

forthcoming monograph on all fieldwork done at Bedrock and its outliers.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank all the hard working volunteers, Lee, Katie, Harrison, Alex, Lynsdey

(aka Lyndiana), Lizzie, Holly, Olga, John, Chelsea, Norris, Faithe as well as MRP staff

members, Bill Brown, Gail Hammond and Hannah Plumer for all of their assistance in this

effort.

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maya research program : bc 2011 report

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