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MAVJUNE 2002 The Journal 0 Gear Malzuacturing

FEATURES

FOCUS ON GEAR DESIGN

21

DEPARTMENTS

Clrver art CQurtesy D StepanLunin Chesapeaku VA

Carbiide Hobbing Case StudyA gear manufacturer starts from scratch with new technology 12

Gear Oesiign Special Section 21

Optimizing IPlastic Gear GeometryAn IntroductiontD GearOptimizat~ionA close look at working tooth depth and other parameter 22

Program for Involute Equation to Develop Spur Gears on PmE SoftwareA program for modeling spur gears with profile shift 27

lnereased Load Capady of Worm Gears byOptimizing the Worm Wheel Bnm~eA study of bronze alloy content 33

IPublisher~s Pagelndu trial Evolution 7

Revo~lutionsIce-blast gear cleaning 9

Industry NewsWllats happeningin the gear industry 18

TechnicalCallendarDOIlI mi s these important upcoming events 31

IProduct INewsThe latest product for the gear industry 38

1CD~ROMIIBUyersGuide FREEListing FormsSign up for fr~e listings in our 2003 directory 40

Advertiser IndexNEW Phone numbers and web addressesto make it easier to get information 44

IClassiliedsServices Help Wanted websites and more 45

AddendumFrom Rus ia With Teeth 48

Ultra Precise Hobs RUSSELLtlOLBROOKampHENDERSONINC

Accu racy Class MA AA AMaterials CarbideBridgeHSS

Tedmology DryHigh SpeedHard HobbingRange 10-500 Diametral Pitch

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4 MAYJUNE 2002 GEAR TECHNOLOGY WWWgeartechnolagycom wwwpowertransmlssiancom

GEAR TECHNOLOGY_________ TIrJondvffJt(tll-LltflU~rinampl_ I

I

EDITORIAL I

Publisher amp Editor-In-ChiefMichael Goldstein

Managing Editor William R Stott

Associate Editor Joseph L Hazelton

Assistant Editor Robin Wright

Editorial Consultant Paul R Goldstein

TechnicaI EditorsRobert Errichello

Don McVittieRobert E Smith

Dan Thurman

ARTArt Director Jean Bartz

AOVERT1SINGAdvertising Manager Patricia Flam

Advertising Coordinator Gladyce J Cooper

Cirenlation Coordinator Dina Krauss

INTERNETWeb Developer Dan Mackenzie

Gear Industry Home PageThI SalesPatricia Flam

David Tornalis

powertrallsmissionCOIIItrade SalesMichael A Gianfrancesco

RANDAU PUBLISHING STAFFPresident Michael Goldstei 11

Vice President Richard GoldsteinController Michael Grafman

Accounting Dianne Johnson

Phone 847-437-6604E-mail peoplegearteclmologycom

Web wwwgeaneehnelogycomwwwpowertransmissioncomBPAW

VOL 19 NO3GEAR TECHNOLOGY The Journal or GeuMailulat-tln~ (fSSN 0743-(858) is published hirnonthlyby Randall Publishing Inc 1425 LUi1t Avenue PO Bo1426 Elllt Grove Village IL 6IJO()7(847) 437-6604 Coverprice $500 US Periodic I postage pnid at ArlingtonHeights [L and at additional mulling office RandallPublishing makes every effort to ensure thai the proces-seidescribed in GEAR TECHNOLOGY conform to sound engi-neering practice Neither the authors nor the publisher can beheld responsible for injuries susruined while following theprocedures described Postmaster Send address changes toGEAR TECHNOLOGY The Journal of Go urManusacun-ing 1425 Luru Avenue PO Box 1426 ElkGrove Village IL 6IJO()7OConLont copyrighted by RAN-DALL PUBLISHING INC 2002 No pan of Ilti publico-lion may be reproduced or transmitted in un) form or by anymeansc electronic or mechanical including photocopyingrecording or by uny ill format jon storage and retrieval sys-tem without permlssron In writing from me publisherContents of ads arc subject 10 Publishers approval

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IPUBUSHERS PAGE 1-----------------

he gear jndustry m(e any Olher is constantly chang-ing Companies vie for customer resources

employees and time They come go and shuffle for

po ition Usually the changes are small affecting

only a few companies But sometime many

changes happen at once and when those changes arc large it

Tcan seem as though an earthquake ha struck and transformed

the landscape of the industry

I feel as if such an earthquake ha recently truck TwO

month of tumult haveleft us with a different gear industry than

we had the last time m wrote thi column In particular two old

friend have dosed their doors Also weve seen realignment

among some of the key suppliers

We were addened to hear that one of the gear industrys old-

e I upplier -Fellows Corp-was forced [Q clo e its doors in

February Located in orth Springfield VT Fellows served the

gear industry for more than 100 years It was founded in l 896

by Edwin R Fellows the inventor of the American version of

the gear haping machine

Fellows cia ed when it parent company the Goldman

Industrial Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection

Goldman Bridgeport Machine Co continues to operate but the

groups other sub idiarie Bryant Grinder Hill-Lorna ]nc JampL

Metrology and Jones amp Lam on Machinery closed along with

Fellows Those dosed subsidiaries are now up for sale

Hopefully someone who wants to continue making gear

machine tool will buy Fellows so that the name doesnt fade

into obscurity

Shortly after we heard the news about Fellows we were

shocked to learn thai one of the gearindustrys oldest and most

re peered manufaeturers-e- The Cincinnati Gear Cov-had also

dosed its doors Cincinnati Gear was founded in 1907

Detail about Cincinnati Gear do ing have been sketchy

and the company may yet emerge in some form from its diffi-

eultie The company had been having troubles like much of

industrial America and it laid off a number of workers over the

last year But those troubles turned to crisis with the bankruptcy

of nron Corp whose wind turbine division was a major cus-

tomer of Cincinnati Gear On Feb 28 incinnau Gear was

forced to layoff most of its employees

According to a letter we received from the company in late

March Cincinnati Gear is working with a management consult-

ing firm (0 explore all available option [Q maximize the value

of its business and assets What this mean at this time i

unclear but what is clear is

that if Cincinnati Gear

emerges from these diffi-

culties it will be a much

leaner company than it once

was

Weve all watched the

manufacturing economy

struggle over the past two

years Weve seen it COIl-

tract as Americans have imported more of the manufactured

goods we used to make for ourselves Its no surprise then that

some gear industry companies are having problems and have

been laying off employees over the past couple of years

Hopefully the companies that urvive these times-c-perhaps

including ellows and Cincinnati Gear-will be in much better

position to take advantage of the market when it improve

In the face of slower manufacturing actjvity plana are clos-

ing and new foreign suppliers from places like India Pakistan

Poland China Taiwan and South Korea are taking their place

This process is not unique tothe United States England the

birthplace of the Industrial Revolution is seeing an exodus of

manufacturing at a frightellillg rate Thi proces is 0110 occur-

ring in Germany and Italy With the possible exception of Spain

Western Europe manufacturing i contracting at different rates

ill different countries but contracting nonetheles Japan is also

seeing manufacturing flee to lower-cost areas We all still clothe

de igning engineering and marketing bur increasingly we are

becoming importers and a semblers and less manufacturers

In addition to and maybe as a re ult of the changes Ive

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already mentioned the gear industry has also seen a IOl of shift-

ing among the major machine tool suppliers For example

Bourn amp Koch Machine Tool Co has purchased a controlling

interestin Roto-Technology Nachi Machining Technology Co

has promoted Butch Wisner to president and CEO MampM

Precision Systems Corp has named Douglas Beerck its vice

president of sales and marketing In the United Kingdom

Dathan Tool amp Gauge has purchased David Browns gear cut-

ting tools division

Perhaps the most significant news was the announcement

that Star Cutter Co has left the Sigma Pool alliance to consoli-

date its cutting tool sales operations with that of SU America

Inc With this new alliance the SU group has quickly broad-

ened its product offerings joining Gleason Corp Mitsubishi

International Corp and the remaining Sigma Pool brands of

Liebherr Lorenz KIingelnberg and Oerlikon as full-service

suppliers

In most industries the major suppliers compete for the bulk

of the industrys business like hungry sibling around the din-

ner table Like older brothers the bigger suppliers take the

lions share while the smaller suppliers have to ettle for whats

left over In the gear industry another hungry kid has arrived at

the table at a time when theres less food to go around

Adding another major supplier will result in fierce competi-

lion herein the United States for machine tool and cutting tool

sales meaning those suppliers will find it harder to maintain

profitability The result is that you the gear manufacturer will

have more choices among suppliers and technology-probably

at lower prices

All of these changes should make this years IMTS very

interesting I will be watching the dynamie of this increased

competition As we emerge from the manufacturing recession

1 can only gue s that the e competitors will be damming for

your business

Michael GoldsteinPublisher and Editor-in-Chief

8 MAYJU NE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY wwwgeartechnoJogycom bull wwwpowertrensmtsstoncom

REVOLUTIONS

chips instead of using solvents or water-

based cleaning solutions The systemwas developed by Universal lee Bla t

Inc of Kirkland WA um manufacturesice-blast machines for commercial and

industrial useThe sy tem was installed for produc-

tion cleaning at Fords transmission gearplant in Sharonville OH

With this sys tern ice chip aresprayed through a nozzle at a pressure

ranging from 65-75 pounds per square

inch Hitting a gear the chips deform undcreate a crubbing action displacing the

gears contaminants After impact thechip melt into water and wipe away thegears debris and contaminant

The chips are created in a refrigerateddrum The drum uses ordinary tap water(0 form an ice layer The layer thencracks into small chip which are movedinto a stream of compressed air andsprayed through the sy terns nozzle

You have an environmentally friend-ly proces says Tony Tonello [8

vice president of marketing and engi-neering sales You save the cost of sup-plying the e soap or solvents as well as

the cost of treating these solvents in thewaste stream

As for its effectiveness the cleaningsystem was placed online at the

Sharonville plant ill March The new sys-tem ha been operating 16hours a day

five days a week cleaning the input

Cleaning Gears with Ice Chips-and Nothing Else

Residue from cleaning solutionYou wash your gears a best a you

can but its there Then il gets onlhe

master gears of YOUf gear checker After awhile enough residue collects on the

master gears that it throws off yourchecker which tart rejecting goodgears

Your solution Stop the checker punout the master gears clean them put

them back inthe checker and recheckyour rejected gears

Not much of a oiution-especially

when you have to do it every couple ofhours That been the problem at several

Ford Motor Co plants for many yearsFord bas III po ible solution

though=ciean gears with ice chipsThe solution is a new sy tern that

cleans gears by spraying them with ice

Universal Ice Blast Inc of Kjrkland WA concetvedaml designed a Imachine Ihlllcleans gears byspraying lhem with ice chipsTDe machine dOllSolluse solvents or water-based CleaningDlu1iollS

wwwpowrtransmlssoncom bull rwww119srtchnoiollycom bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY MAYJUNE 2002 9

REVOLUTiIONS

were really hoping for thats a biggie

says Mike Gourlay a Ford mannfacrur-ing engineer

Gourlay is responsible for the finaldrive and transfer gears used in the FordPocus transmission

With the new system though Fordmust add the ru t inhibitor to the gearsafter theyre checked using a machinebuilt by UlR

Other companies also make systems

that Clean gears Located in CinemnatiOH Ransohoff Inc makes water-basedgear-cleaning systems But ToneUo

says urns system at the Ford plant isthe first application of ice blasting forcleaning gears

A 17-year Ford employee Gourlay

has worked with gears for 10 yearsBefore the urn system he knew of no

viable alternative to the plants old gear-cleaning system

The plant also checks the VIB sys-tems effectiveness at achieving a setlevel of cleanliness The plant takes sam-

ples of its cleaned gears and checks theircleanliness with a second washing The

samples groups of five gears arewashed with an inert liquid The liquidresulting contaminant level is then meas-ured The level must be 25 milligrams

or less for each groupEarly tests showed the system met

that requirementUsing a six-sigma approach the

plants data has indicated the um sys-tem would successfully clean more than99 of the gears

to MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddotmiddot gartechnotogycom bull wpo errsnsmissioncom

water and a soaplike cleaner and includ-

ed a rust inhibitor The gears residue ofcleaner and inhibitor would build up onthe master gears in the end-of-line gearchecker The build-up would result in

30--35 false rejectsReinspecting rejected gears uncov-

ered the good ones and raised the passrate to 95

With the new system the first-timepass rate is about 98 Thais what we

transfer gear used in the transmission of

the Ford FocusThe input transfer gear is a helical

gear with an internal spline that hasundercut The gear arrives at the cleaning

system straight from grinding so gearand spline have swart anthem 111esys-tem has a fixture that lifts and rotateseach gear so ice chips can reach aLI thegears surfaces

The old system cleaned gears with

AVV Systems Go announces that it is now amanufacturing source 01 spiral gear roughingand finishing cutters and bodies

We also can manufacture new spiralcutter bodies in diameters 01 S through 12at present

AJIN can also supply foughing and finishingcutters for most 5--12 diameter bodies

Whether its service or manulacturing con-sider us as an alternative source lor cuttersand bodiesYoull be in for a pleasant surprise

NEW Hob and Shaper Cutter Resharpening[s now available at AW Systems Companymiddot Royal Oak Michigan 48067

Tel (248) 544middot3852 bull Fax (248) 544-3922

Universal Ice Blast built the rna china iits firstice-blaS1 Igear-cleaning system lor IFordlMotorCo The FDrd plant in SharDnvilie OH is using themachine to clean the inputtransfer gellrmiddot used in(lie transmission of tile FordlFocus

REVOLUTIDNS II _

FOld ha nt accepted the sy tern yetbut plans to use it fer three monthsmroug1iJthe end of May II will then com-pare performance data from the systemflrst three monmsand the old systemsla t three months to make a final evalua-tion and decide whether 10 accept lhesystem

I think it represents a very big poten-tial to olve a long- tanding problem

Gourlay ays But I gtre s-being anengineer-TID reluctant to say wereucces ful until 1 see the data

But were expecting 10 be uecessfulThe y tern con i I of a gear-dean-

tng unit and an ice-rnaking unit TheFord y tern gear-cleaning unit is 8 feetX l Zfeet and i 12 feel ta~1The ice m k-ing unit i 4 feet X 6 feet and i 5 feettall

The Ilwo unit are connected by anindustrial hoseo the ice-making unucan be as milch as I 00 feet from the gear-cleaning unit Tonello ays the hose letsa company place the ice-making unit in adead space in its plan

The Ford system Ire about 20 gal-lons of water an hour But 50 of thaiwater evaporates The compressed airthat accelerate the ice chips creates awind thai causes forced evaporation ofthe re ulting droplets

Tonello compare that forced evapo-ration to a man rubbing his wet handtogether in front of a warm fall

So gear manufacturers have to dealwith about 10 gallons of water an hour

A fIllly automated ice-blast ySICm-able to proce a gear every 2() ec-

ond -cos Is between 25()O and$300000 An air delivery systemincreases the systems cost by$15000- 40000 depending on the airpre ure required

Manual system that handle fewergears stan at 50000 apiece

The CC)ts assume air and water willbe upplied by the purchasing compa-

niesGourlay hope the sy stem will reduce

the checking of master gears Itojust oncea hifi at the tart of a hift just 10 makeure lJJeyre OK-that the sy tern get

wwpoIrnllmiuloncom bull IIIl1ft11rcllnoloIlYcom bull GIEAR TECHNOLOGY bull MAVIJUINE 2002 11

rid of the problem of good gears beingfal ely rejected

Thats whal ] thought was the big

carrot G urlay say Thisreally doeshave the poteruial to deal with a problemthai weve had for a long lime

Tell Us Whal You Think Vish www(lNJtflChnologycomlobull Rale Utis articlebull Request more infonnationbull Comact die companill mentionedbull Make 8 luggestionOr call (1M7) O7-8iIM talc II1II IIIDII lllillnl

Ihisallticle was 61Spuhlisibedat the AGMA

2001falltechnicalmeeting

Printedl with permissionof the copyright hoIder

the American GeariManufacturers

Association 1500 KinglStreet SUite 20ill

AIexandria Virginia 22314Copies of the Ipaper are

availabletromthe assecletion

Statements presented linthis paper are those of theauthor and may not repremiddot

sentfhe position or theopinion o~the American

GeaJ ManufacturersAssociation

and sometimes conflicting recommendation 011

these details This is why many companies man-ufacturing in small to medium lot sizes have notrushed to implement carbide bobbing Also somecompanies tried and then abandoned this technol-ogy altogether

This article is a case study featuring one manu-facturing cell solely implemented with carbidebobbing technology The annual output is250000-300000 gears with an average just-in-time lot size of about 200-300 gearsApproximately 150 different sizes and pitches areproduced with an average of four setup changeover two shifts Most of the gears are finish hobbedto AGMA 9 quality level The pitches range from12-64 DP

Carbide Hobbing Case StudyYefim Kotlyar

(out of rive) hobbing machines had an automaticshifting feature There was not precise control onhob positioning relative to the workpiece or thebob shifting di lance The e machines were inconstant need of maintenance

Fixlllring and Automation Only twomachines in the cell had automatic loadersFixturing and automation documentation was notreadily available Some of the fixture items werereverse engineered and not always compatiblewith each other Our company relied mostly on the

Figure 2-COSI breakdowlI by percentage for lIew experience of setup people This led to a widecarbide hobbilg cell variation in setups fixture and cutting conditions

12 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY wwwgllsrtecllnologycom bull wwwoowertrsnsmisetoncom

The successful performance of carbide hob-bing is predicated on various contributing factorssuch as machine fixture blanks hob mainte-nance and process management systems Thesefactors will also be discussed

Application and Historical PerspectiveBodine Electric produces a large variety of

parts with gearing elements-spur and helicalgears and shafts solid- and bore-type pinionsworms and worm gears For the introduction ofcarbide hobbing we decided to select the natgear family because of its large volume

MaCilies Initially we had only outdated hob-bing machines in the flat gear cell The averagemachine age was 20 years The use of longer- and

L- --J higher-performance hobs was limited by theflat gear j machines rpm and shifting capability Only two

I

IntreductlonBodine Electric Co of Chicago a has a 97-

year history of fine- and medium-pitch gear man-ufacturing Like anywhere else traditions oldsystems and structures can be beneficial but theycan also become paradigms and obstacles to fur-ther improvements We were producing a highquality product but our goal was to become morecost effective Carbide bobbing is seen as a tech-nological innovation capable of enabling a dra-matic rather than an incremental enhancement toproductivity and cost avings

Nowadays no one denies that carbide hobbingis feasible Many questions remain howeverregarding the best applications carbide materialhob sharpening coaling and recoating hob han-dling hob consi teney optimum hob wear bestcutting conditions concerns for the initial cuttingtool investment and production cost In short thedevil was in the details The industry had few

LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma

Figure 1 Process variatioll for thefamily was out ofeomrol

Cutting Tools A long-standing tradition infine-pitch gear manufacturing wa the use of 0-

called quare hobs made out of high-speed steel(HSS) Use of carbide and longer hobs waslimit-

ed by each machines rpm capability and shiftinglength re pectively

Cutting Condjtions Our practice was to usevery conservative cutting conditions that were out-

dated Different machine had different limitationswith re peel to rigidity and rpm capability The per-fonnance of each machine was not monitored Thecutting conditions and cycle times could vary

depending on the setup person machine inspection

reo ults and cutting tool used at the timeBtallks All blanks were outsourced The sup-

pliers would grind one face of the gear blank enabling us to stack three to five parts per load

during the bobbing proces De pile thiseffort the bores quaHty and face paralleli m wereincon isteru

OutsorlreillgIn addition to five machine mak-ing flal gears in-house we were outsourcing hob-bing and skiving at an annual cost of $281000Adding to hat the annual blanking outsourcing of$563000 our total flat gear outsourcing cost came

to $844000 Other concerns with outsourcing werequality and on-time delivery

Quality~ The flar gear proces variation was

out of control as showa on the graph ill Figure 1Although we had extremely knowledgeable peo-ple who were able to produce quality partsde pite u iDg old technology many etup wouldturn into development projects which took its toll

on our productivity and profitabilityThe high quality of the product wa main-

tamed at a co t Extra non-value-added tep of100 inspecting and orting were nece ary]oshortv the co t of flat gear manufacturing was I

high We wanted to improve the proce andreplace product control with process control

P~(Jductillity Cycle times were very longFrequentlym achieve the desired quality setup

personnel would use more con ervative cuttingconditions thu further increa ing cycle timesand reducing productivity On average there wasless than one etup per machine per day Theinexpensive conventional off-the- helf quare

hob had to be re-sharpened quite frequently thuseli rupting production flow Lean manufacturingstresses the importance of just-in-lime manufac-

turing and continuous reduction of work-in-progress This lead to smaller lot sizes and

greater setup frequency per dayIn summary we had an abundance of opportu-

nities

Quality Improvementbull Process capability improvementsbull Further tightening of the tolerances to produce a

higher quality product

Productilvity Improvementsbull Reduce cycle times and increase productionwith the same number of peoplebullReduce setup time

bull Reduce proce s debugging timeCost lmpJIOvementsbull Cost reductions as a result of productivityimprovementsbull Lower cutting tool cost per gear or keep it thearne as HSS

bull Reduction in rework costAdditional Capacitybull Skiving Capabilitiesbull Reduction in outsourcing

Considerations fOIi New TechnologyWe could have benefited by improving the

process in small incremental changes Someexamples are reworking the machineshuying

better cutting tools improving the fixture buy-ing better blanks and even stressing greater con-

trol of OUi processes These would have all

brought some semblance of succe nnetheless we felr tilat we needed drastic

rather than incremental improvements to bringthe process under control and achieve co I reduc-tion This is why we decided to blow up every-thing investigate new carbide bobbing technolo-gy and bring a new pirit into the factory

At the same time we wanted to bring in tech-

nology that would work from the onset We want-

ed to be conservative in our estimate making

sure that there would 1I0t be exce ie proce

Vefim IKotlyaris Iht gear technologv andprocessing I1wlIllger atBodine Electric Co tocatedin Chicago lL For man

Ilion 20 years he worked indijferlfII capacities on rhedevelopment and implemen-tation of various gear mallumiddotfacturing and inspectiontechnotogies He is also alt

autnor of IIUll anicle ongear-related subjectraquo

1OI101101pOWflrtransmisSloncom bull middotwwwgurllJclln0ogycom bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY MAYJUNE 2002 13

Figure 4--New syste11Iincluded jlexible automa-tion with gall try loader

Figure 5-PrecisiDlI ql~ick-callge jace-dampLng[ixlllrll for damping more than 150 types oj partsdebugging So we decided that a test would be theideal first step toward a successful implementa-tion of new carbide bobbing technology

Robbing TestTest Objectives

bull To learn more about potential challengesbull To understand tile pro and cons of carbide hob-bing as applicable to our pitch and size ranges

bull To have the process debugged prior to purchas-ing the machine

bull To specify the machine acceptance criteriabased all challenges experienced during te lingo To compare machine suppliers

bull To start developing carbide bobbing sUpjXlrt ystemsWe anticipated a need for a better engineering

support system as well as a simpler more disci-plined process monitoring system that would giveus reliable feedback We knew that after the major

investment the flat gear cell would be crutinizedTest Filldingsamp Potelltial Clzallellgeamp

bull This is an emerging technology although ilstarted 30 years ago

bull Many tried but abandoned carbide hob bing bull Greater engineering support will be required There was no industry consensus on recommen-

dationsbull The mistakes are much more expensivebull The tool cost per gear was an unknown factorbull The initial cutting tool investment is muchgreaterbull We found three vendors all capable of achievingour tighter quality requirements

bull The selection was based on business reasons

rather than technical reason Dry or Wet-That Was the Questioll We test-

ed both wet and dry bobbing Eventually weselected the wet process because we felt it was a

safer approach to the introduction of new tech-nology At that time our perception was that drybobbing required more engineering involvement

and RampD Each pitch and size had to be tested

and fined-tuned for optimum hob geometry and

cutting conditions The machine was 10 be placed

in a gear-manufacturing cell that was producing

more than 150 different sizes and pitches So the

testing and development of every part couldbecome quite overwhelming Also we experi-

enced less tool wear with wet carbide hobbing

Nevertheles we acquired a dry bobbing optionThis was just in case the process is further devel-

oped and better information about dry bobbingbecomes readily available

Best Carbide Hobbing AppiicatillTls It seems

that the fine- and medium-pitch fini h hobbedgears are the best candidates for the carbide hob-

bing technology The finish bobbing feed rate isrestrained by the feed scallop limitations thusproductivity improvements cannot be achieved

by increasing the feed rate Another option for

productivity improvement-multistart hobbing-cannot be employed for precision hobbingeitherThe only viable option for productivity improve-

ment was increasing the hob speed

Support Systems Needed We came to the con-

clusion that in-depth engineering support systemswould be needed for successful carbide hobbingMistake with carbide hobs co t much more thanthey do with traditional HSS hob

Those systems would include

bull Databa e with simple means of extracting setupdata for every partbull Ease of database maintenance

bull A detailed hob monitoring sy tern which isunprecedented in a production environment

bull Detailed production and value-added monitoringNew Hobbing Technology

The 1itialnvestment After conducting tests

and selecting a vendor we purchased the equip-ment with co t distribution a hown in the graphin Figure 2 The total package included machine

automation quick-change fixture and carbidecutting 100Is In addition we purchased a newturning machine and developed correspondingsupport systemsNew CNC Hobbing Machine Highlights (Fig 3)bull 8 CNC axes including gantry

bull Higher cutting speed available14 MAYfJUNE 2002 GEAR TECHNOLOGY bull wwwglUlrt~chnologycom bull wwwpowerlransmissioncom

bull Longer hob shifting capabilitybull Capable of wet and dry hobbingbull Hydraulic hob arbor clamping bull Skiving capabilitybull Flexible Automation with Gantry Loader (Fig 4)bull Six seconds loadunloadbull Capable of handling roth bore- and haft-typepartsbull Large uruIoad Image capacitybull OC controlled loader po itions

The Fixlunng Because the fixture quality iscritical to process capability we acquired a preci-ion quick-change face-clamping fixture (Fig 5)

The fixture had a modular de ign for more than150 parts The design was al 0 based on the COD-

sideration of clamping the parts as close as po i-ble [a the cutting action At rno I there are threefixture items that need to be replaced when chang-ing over from one part to another backing clamp-ingand arbor

The number of parts per load was reduced 110

two CNC hobbing diminishe the effect of tack-ing gears per load because a) a higher feed ratecan be used during the hob approach travel and b)

the loadunload time is minimal lricidentally II

smaller number of parts per load improved thegear quality AI] fixture drawings were computer-ized and became a part of setup documentation

Tie Blanks A turning process was developed011 a newly purchased CNC lathe It providedOO(X)2- 00005 face parallelism and bore-to-faceperpendicularity This kiad of turning qualityeliminated the need to grind gear face In fact theblank quality coming out of our CNC lathe wamore consi tent than our outside-purchasedblanks having the one face ground

The new turning machine also made it possibleto tighten the tolerance of the bore size The lathewas strategically placed ne 1 to the CN bobbingmachine to enable one-piece flow

ClUbiLle Cutting Tools We started with K-grade hob and TiN coating (Fig 6) However 111addition we purchased a few P-grade hob with-TiAIN coating (Fig 6) Carbide hobs wererun at600 surface feet per minute (SFM) of circumfer-ential speed The feed rate was just 3_ conserva-tive as in the case of HSS nabs The conservativefeed rates were necessary becaa e of feed callopdepth limitations The first peek at the carbide hoblife provided impressive results The first runresulted in 765 parts without a hob changeMaking 34 times as many gears meant thatthetool cost per gear would be spproxirnately thesame as in the ca e of HSS We were glad that wewere able to reduce the cycle time threefold while

Figure 6-Kgrade j- -coated carbide 1mb (left) and P~grad liA1Ncoaledcarbide 1I0b

Hgulle 7-Coalilg fractures call eonoibiulaquo to poorflob performance Multiple coaJilJg layers chipped01 lIe outer surface (top)wllile tile lower coatinglayer~have remained intact (bottom)

enjoying approximately the same tool co t pergear (Note that carbide hobs were three to fivetime more expensive when compared to tradi-tional square HSS fine-pitch hobs) Howeverwe continued to u e the same hob Before we sent

it for harpening we achieved the hob lifeimprovement of elevenfold (2639 gears) a com-pared with HSS quare hobs

After the first hob harpening we realizedthere was work 10 be done in mastering this tech-nology Lesson 1 learned Without recoating thehobs bullthey failed mi erably We also learned thatwith respect to the cutting tools our limited initiallest provided few comforting answers Recom-mendations from hob uppliers and machinebuilders continued to be inconsistent and at timeseven contradictory We till had a lot of questionsShould we use P-grade or K-grade What was thebest coating for our application What was the

wwwpowertransmssioncom bull wwwgmiddotS8rlechnologycom bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY MAYJUNE 2002 15

Gear Center Line

I Roughing--I ZoneGenerating __

Zone

Hob Length

Figure Sa-Wear distributioll OIl a shorter hob

Hob Wear

LAHob Wear Distnbution

Hob Wearj -----

_ Roughing _ Generatins__ ShiftingZone Zone Zone

Figure 8b- Wear distribulioll(HI a lmlger hob

Gear Cen1er Line

Hob Wear Distribution

near the bottom of the illustrationWe have yet to find overall consistency in hob

performance Although the greatest performancefactor is probably how people use the hobs othercontributing factors are sharpening coating qual-ity and the ability of the coating layers to stick tothe previous layer

Every single carbide hob has a history work-sheet Currently we have more than 80 carbidehobs that service our flat gear cell Every time thehob is used the setup people record the date thegear number and the number of gears bobbedThe rest of the worksheet is calculated automati-cally One of the important characteristics ismaterial removal per cutting edge of the hob

Hob Lelgth Significance In addition tochanging the hob material to carbide we intro-duced longer hobs This further reduced the cut-Ling tool cost per gear and reduced downtimecaused by hob change because longer hobs makemore gears per sharpening Conventional think-ing implies that the improvement would be pro-portional to the hob length increase

However in reality the improvement is pro-portional to the shifting increase Figure 8a and8b show the load and wear distribution 011 shortand longer hobs Short hobs may have little or noshifting length available Frequently a small hoblength increase can result in manyfold hob per-formance improvements

CdtilJg Tools Cost Reduction A conservativeestimate of per-gear tooling cost reduction isclose [0 threefold (Fig 9)

Support SysCemsTo understand and maintain the carbide hob-

optimum wear What were the sharpening bing process our company introduced a systemnuances (ie edge preparation) When was the for monitoring process performance A setupright time to strip the coaling and was itpossi- database wa created to include all process docu-ble What was the hob life and tool cost per gear mentation such as fixture cutting tools gearWas there any predictability in carbide hobbing parameters cutting conditions cycle time and

Figure 7 is an example of one of the many other necessary setup information For everychallenges that we experienced Coating fractures setup the database query creates a single sheet ofcan contribute to poor hob performance Coaling paper with the late t etup informationon the illustration is breaking away from the tool The original tooling has been expanded toClose inspection within theseareas reveals multi- process more than 180 differem part numberspie coating layers that chipped on the outer sur- Machine part programs are backed upperiodicallyface while the lower coating layers have Fixture and automation change parts are stored inremained intact a clearly marked storage area adjacent to the

Layer Bllildup Each coating is approximately machine A~ was mentioned before every hob has00004 thick The top layer is a single layer of a worksheet with a history of usage sharpeningTiAIN Underneath that are two layers of Futura and recoating Figures 10 and 11demonstrate pro-coating each composed of 27-35 alternating sub- ductivity over a three-month period[ayers ofntanium nitride (TiN) and titanium alu- Improvements Sum_maryminum nitride (TiAlN) The yellow lines between ProductivUy Imp-ovemerlts Major productiv-layers are TIN The light-colored ubstrate is seen ity improvements were realized due to carbide

16 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY bull wwwg(artlaquo~hnogycm bull wwwpowerasmissJoncom

hobs having speed capabilities three times higherthan HSS hobs Other factors contributing to the

productivity improvements were etup timereduction CNC-controlled hob travels more con-

sistent etups and cycle time a drastic reductionin process debugging time for leadinvo-

luterunout problems and precise calculations ofbobbing cycles and goal setting

De pite all of the challenges with carbide hobsthe productivity improvement made it possible for

u to replace four machines In addition we

increased production by in-sourcing all gear hob-bing and kiving with a $280000 annual volume

QlllZlily improvemellt Prorated annual scrap

savings was $47000 as compared with threemechanical pinion cells using old machines andHSS cutting 1001s and producing approximately thesame amount of parts (Fig 12)

Other cost improvements resulted from processcapability improvements Figure 13 shows that thesix-sigma process variation became smaller than the

tolerance due to improving upon all of the processvariables new machines that were statistically eval-

uated for the process capability during the runoff

AA quality cutting 10015 preci ion fixtures betterquality blanks ISO-compliant quality systems and

having setup and cutting parameter consistency Theimprovements in the process capability made it pos-

sible to reduce the inspection and rework expensesIII closing the investment ill new carbide hob-

bing technology made us look at our operationunder a microscope and improve upon other con-tributing factors that lead to uccessful gear man-ufaeturing These are fixtures machines cuniag

tools blanks and qUality system The results arebetter quality gears at a lower castO

AeknowledgmentThe author would like to express his gratitude toMark Ryba and Paul Ruff for their editing help

Tell Us What You Think bullVisit wwwgellrtechnoogycom tobull Rate this articlebull Request more informationbull Contact the author or companies mentionedbull Make a suggestionOr callj847) 437-6604 to talk to one of our editors

$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000

Sharpen cost11rIjtjalcost

Carbide IIobs IHSS IlobsFigure ~Cost-per-gear comparison between carbide(lIId liSS lIobs

~r- ~~tlflB-~middotC~-~~ -5000

17middot 2-1middot aImiddot 7middot 1 21middotlJI-lJI Ng Ng Ng

Figure I()Total production drillgcarbide lIobbiJlgtrial

lime Allocation11 L-l I J-L-l

ClNcJnVaIue Pdded Tlrre I-

seIp Time i

bull Value Nlded T1me

1_1- - -- - -- - ~-12middot 18- 2e _ 10 17 2 ~Imiddot 1middot 01 31lift IJl ~u aI lJI Aug Aug

Figure l1-Time allocation breakdown during carbide 1I0bbillg trial

Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _

cnc GearManufacturing

Mechanlcsl PinionManufacturing

Figure 12-Compnrison of ammal scrap rates between CNC alld mecllatlicalmanufacturing

LSL USLProcess Variation

j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance

Figure H-lmproJing process variables reslIltedin process lIari(lli01I becoming smaller tllantile tol-

l emncewwwpowerlransmlgsioflcom wwwgesrtechnologycom GEAR TECHNOLOGY MAYJUNE 2002 t7

~ INDUSTRYINEWS bull

Technology Co of Macomb MIWisner joined the company in 1994 and most recently

served as vice president of product development Prior to thathe worked as a senior-level engineer lit General Motors Corpfor 23 years

Nacbi Machining is the result of a 1991 merger betweenNational Broach and Machine Co and Nachi-Fujikoshi Corpof Tokyo Japan

Openings amp Closings Promotionsamp Appointments in the Gear Industry

SU Ameriica and Stair Cutter ICQnsoliidateSallesSU America Iac II unit of Samputensili SpA of Bologna

[lily ami Star Cutter Co of Farmingtcn Hills Ml announced amutual agreement to consolidate sales activity of each companysgear cutting tool product lines The new entity will be ownedequally and managed by executives from both cnmpanies

According to SU Americas press release the merger createa company offering a comprehensive gear tool product line thatincludes hobs shapes cutters shaving cutter milling cuttersform relief milling cutters bevel gear cutting tools platedgrinding wheels and deburrchamfering tools as well as coat-ing and tool maintenance centers located Imoughoul NorthAmerica for recoating and reshnrpenlng tools

ICincinnati Gear Clioses After 95 VearsMariemont OH-b ed Cincinnati Gear Co clo edits doors

feb 28The manufacturer of gears and gearboxes was founded in

1907 Due to financial difficulties the company has laid off asignificant portion of its workforce Further details about thecompanys future have not been released

Cincinnati Gear owns two factories in the Cincinnati areaThe subsidiary BHS-Cincin~ati of Sonthofen Germany is afinanciajly independententity and will not be affected by theclosing according 10 a letter from the BHS-Cincin~ati supervi-sory board which wa posted on (he BHS-Cincinnati website

FeUows ICO~pIClosesbullIParentCompanv Filles for Balnkruiptcy

Fellows Corp cea ed operation Feb 13 according to anarticle in The Connecticut Post

The company along with JampL Metrology Co Inc BryanlGrinder Corp Hill-Lorna Inc and Jones amp Lamson VermontGroup is up for ale All five were sucsidiarie of the GoldmanIndustrial Group which filed for Chapter 1t in the USBankruptcy Court in Delaware

A single subsidiary Bridgeport Machine plan to continuemanufacturing machine tools

founded in 1896 Fellows Corp produced gear shapingmachines and cutting (ools from its North Springfield VTheadquarters

Nachi IPromotesVice IPresident to CEOSenior management announced the promotion of Francis I

(Butch) Wisner to president and CEO of Nachi Machining

DathanTool amp Gauge IBuys David BrownIGearTools

Dathan Tool amp Gauge Co LId bull a UK-based manufacturerof precision gear culling tools has acquired the business andassets of David Brown Gear Tools which al 0 is in the UnitedKingdom and designs and manufactures gear cumng tools

According to Dathans press release the acquisition willenable the company to increase its manufacturing capabilitieto include more comprehensive design and developmentwork

founded in 1924 Dathan added gear cutting tools to itrange of products in the late 19308 and currently manufacturesand supplies precision gear tools

GIeason Olpens Gear lManufalctUiring SupportCenter in Mexico - -

Gleason Corp announced the opening of atechnical supportcenter in Queretaro Mexico to bring its gear manufacturingservices to thai country

According to Gleason press release the new facility willensure that Gleason customers receive increased local access totraining re ource bullproce and application engineering supporttool invemory management tool harpening services and pareparts inventory and on-sire ervice personnel

Mitutoyo Names New Vice IPresiden1Mirutoyo America Corp of Aurora 0 appointed Dennis

Traynor to vice president product support servicesHis responsibilities include guiding the companys calibra-

tion labsand the Mitutoyo Institute of Metrology as well asfield ervice repair and contact in pection operationsAdditionally he will be accountable for the ongoing accredita-tion initiative throughout the company for compliance with the]SOflEC liOQ5 standard

Prior 10 Ills promotion Traynor served for 14 years in salesregional and product management role

18 IIIAYIJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY bull wwwge sr tehltotogycom w powe bullbull reltsmissloncom

_-----1 ENDUSTRYINEWS _

Mitutoyo provides measuring instruments including a round-nes measuring ystern for gears and other cylindrical forms

MampM IPrecisionNaimesVice IPresidentDouglas Beerck Wa appointed vice president of sales ltlend

marketing at MampM Preci ion System Corp of Dayton OHAccording 10 the companys pre release he had worked in

the company ale and marketing departments from 1984 to1999 He then joined AK Steel Corp of Middletown OH as asenior analyst

MampM erve the aaromotiveuuck aerospace off-road vehicleand agricultural equipment indusme as well a contract gearmanufacturers mac1tline tool power 1001 medical equipmentsemiconductor electronics and peeial machine builders MampM

Precision Systems Corp is a subsidiary of Danaher Corp

Ticona Appoints mobai Marketing amp Sales imrectorTicona announced the appointment of Michael Maguire as

global marketillgand ale director forthe companys Tapascyclic olefin copolymer busin s line

Maguire will work from the Summit NJ headquarterHe was recently viee pre ident of sales and marketing for

Progres ive Plastics Inc of Cleveland OU He holds an MBA inmarketing from Fairleigh Dickenon niversity and a bache-lors degree in chemistry from Rutgers University

Among Maguires new respon ibilities is the implementationof the current opas CDC strategy and development of market-ing to differeru demographics He will rank as the most eniormember of the Tapas business line in the United Stales

PhiiladellphiaIGear CorpOpens Alalbalma FacUityA new facility in Birrninghum AL will open to offer service

and repair capabilities for Plilladelphia Gear customers through-out the outheastem United State

Ac-cording to the companys press release the Birminghamemployees are speciali ls ill power transmission life cycle sup-port including the repair and rebuilding of all maj r gearingbrand The facilil) include [4000 square feet of workspace awell a 25-1011crane capacity

John Drace general manager of Philadelphia Gears Hou tonfacility will runthe Dimtingham branch as well

Tell Us Mat You Think yllit www~lOfIItD

middotRllelbis~

bull Request more iIIfonnItionbull Contact the companies mentionedbull Make a suggestion

Or call1M7l en- 1IIIc til one of ow editan

SPIIRAIt IBIEVIE1tIGEARS(Transmissions)

SpirJ amp Straight Beel Gear ManufacturingCommercial to aircrafl quality gearing

Spur lIelical splinedshafts linternal amp externaIshaved amp ground gearsSpiraJ bevel g~inding

Midwest Transmissions 81 ReducersISO compliant

MlDWEST GELRamp 1(1II IL INC

1

121124 E Nina_Mill ROldWsmrn MI 48089

CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926

NEW MODEL0-311 Capacity ShopHardened

Lowest cost in the industry

Call 10 use gage farDej machinB runl olf90 days I no eh81llB

United Tool Supply8511Ohiio Pike ICincinnati OH 45245

Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599

E-Mail unitedlool1aol comwwwunite-a-matic com

po rr mlnioncom yenIIllrrhnolollycom bull GEAR HCHNOLOGY bull MAYJUNE 2002 191

Optimizing Plastic IGear GeometryAn Introduction 10 Gear Optimization 22

Program for Involute Equatioll1 toDevelop Spur IGears on ProESoftware 21

Inclreased load Capacity of Worm Gearsby Optimizing the Wonn Wbeel Bronze 33

_ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull - GEAR DESIGiNllfOCUS 1IIII

ing is minimal compared to the ongoingcosts associated with an overdesigned

gear arrangement using more costly

material or larger gears and hou ingthan required The warranty costs soar

as do the costs of lost user confidence ifthe gears ace poorly designed or under-

designed

The co t of optimization i only amall fraction of product introduction

cost Optimization does howeverrequire attention to the details of thegeargeometry gear accuracy materialelection duty cycle and a detailed

analysis of the mountingconditions ofthe application Added cost savings arederived from using Ihe most cost-effec-tive material from a physical propertyperspecti ve

Then that material is configured inthe most economical shape and sizeThe result is a very robust and cost-effective gear molded to the requiredaccuracy level The specific goals of

optimization vary from application to

applieaucn What is required in onecase may not meet the need in anotherWhile optimization is appliearion spe-cific Ihe process can be applied to aUapplications

Design GoalsThe transmission of uniform motion

under the operating load throughout therange of the operating environment iscommon to mos gear applications Anumber of design challenges arise fromthis basic goal of lin ifarm motion under

Optimizing Plastic Gear GeometryAln lnnnductien to Giear

Optimization

O here are numerous engineering

evaluations reqUired to designgear ets for optimum perform-ance with regard to torque

capacity noise ize and cost How

much cost savings and added gear per-formance is available through optimiza-tion Cost savings of 10[0 30 and

100 added capacity are not unusualThe contrast is more pronounced if theoriginal design wa prone to failure andnot fil for function

Development of thegear geometry isa critical part of the total design processThisarticle will summarize the designissues relating to optimizing geM geom-etry Allinterrelatedparamelers thatcompri e the gear description are candi-

dates for optimization Those parametersinclude pitch pressure angle helix

Rjcham RIKuhr

angle addendum modification rootclearance face width root and tip radii

tooth thickness center distance and pro-file modifications One design parame-ter total working depth will be evaluat-

ed as an example of the potentia] benefitof gear optimization

Gear Optimization DennitionAn optimized gear design is the best

po sible gear arrangement gear de ignand material selection that facilitatethe lowest total cost for the perform-ance and reliability required

Optimbation Cost EfiiectsThe design benefits and co I savings

of optimizing withpractical elutionsare sub tantial Conver ely the costsas ociated with a non-optimized orpoorly designed gear set are a rea] lia-

bility The incremental cost of optirniz-

210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700

----~-- AdvoIf PromII Corrtlid AIM

-II Gio r_Rdot IoIJo100

100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO

IFigure1-Tooth depth influence on slidingl and conlact ratios (equal addendums)22 l4AYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY wwwgotaTtachnologycom bull wwwpowrlrBnsmlssioncom

_------------IGEA-R DESIIGNFOCUS _load One of the challenge i rhe inter-dependence of the de ign parameter

For example a de ign change callihave a po itive influence on one et ofde ign parameters and a negative influ-ence on another et II L not pos ible tohave the optimum values for all thedesign parameters It is nece sary todetermine which parameter are mo I

important to the succes of the gearoperating in the specific application Aknowledgeable compromise is requiredto et the design limit of each geargeometry parameter

One of the beneflts of working withpia tic ilhe potential of modifiedtooth proportion The use of tandard ear proportion will seldom yield optimiddotmization Multiple design iterations aretypically required (0 optimize newapplication Fully utilizing the opti-mizauon proces willih Ip in de igningtile he t gear set for th performanceand reliabitity the application require

Optimization Preees SllepTo understand how this geometry

optimization proces s fils into the 100alprocess here is a summary of the steps

in the plastic gear performance opti-mizationprocessI Define the peciflc applicatien--gtincluding the proee ing accuracy-forthe hou ingand gears2 Account for the extreme conditions

of temperature moisture and toler-anoe 3 Compute the load and peeds overthe entire duty cycle and the number ofde ired life cycle4 Select the appropriate combinationof gear types-spur helical wormbevel face eros ed-a is helical inter-nal external planetary-their arrange-ment and the power pathS Calculate the ratios for minimumtotal volume if more than a single-stage

drive6 Determine the required accuracylevel and verify lit matches the processcapability7 Select the material for the applica-tion thaiprovides the neces aryIrength and durabiJJty al the lowe I

uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210

ter distance The minimum effectivecenter di tance i the tighte Imesh cen-dltion can idering th location toler-ances bore-to- haft clear n es totalrunout gear and hou ing materialstemperature humiciilyand gear ccura-cy

The primary de ign parameters thatare evaluated at this closest mesh COD-

dition are backlash ro I clearancesprofile contact ratio percent of fecesaction and specific sliding ratiosllnder heavy load conditions and high-

er temperature more becklash irequired to avoid the coast ide profiles[rom corning into contact as the teeth

Figllre Z-Root benlling IstrengtbfactofS (equ I ddendums

Richard R IKuhris global gear d~si8 lfJalger [or Eflplns Corp(J worldwide injection molder with manufuctur-iflllfacililifs if seven countries for mnfding crit-leal-to-function plastic components He 5responsible for customer gear tiesigll tminingas 01111 as development wId oplimimimJ o]pound1I1(IS commercial gear tit-signf He has morethan 25 years (Jf gear m(ltrJifarrllrilll( anti de ignexperience Kuhr has a bacheors degrlt inmechanical engineeringfrom the UIJilersityIllinois He is vice dUlimlWl othe AGMA plas-tics gearing committee til has IlTJvidldgtardlsil(n services lor man) industries and lit haspresented IJImerolispapers related W geardlfisn and 1II1mlog) at SME CfJnflrrlJ(rs

possible co t

8 Develop the gear geometry to meettlIe nece ary limit o[ contact ratiopecific sliding ratios mot clearance

backla h and deflection over the rangeof extreme conditions9 Design the minimum-weight struc-ture Llial supports the geaJ teeth andprovides the required stiffnessstrength and molded precision Thistructure comprises the rim diameter

that supports theteeth strengtheningring webs rib and hub diameter forthe application

Evaluation ConditionsNomlual Center DiStailce Evalu-

ations The gear designer needs todesign the gear el to operate over the

ful range of extreme conditions NoteLhalacceptable de ign parameter allhenominal hou ing center eli lance will1101a ure acceptable parameter atlheextreme condition The typical rangeof effective center distance can be threeto five limes that ofthe pecified centerdistance tolerance of the housing Hisalways desirable lo minimize mountingand assembly tolerances to improvegear performance

MilJimum Effective Center Dis-tance Clleck Optimizing gear geome-try requires lhat each design iterationbe checked attwo extreme conditionsThe firsfextreme condition for exte malgear is [he maximum material condi-lion (MMC) at minimum effective cen-

w po rf16mlufofl com bull uchfloloycom bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot AYJUNE 2002 23

GEAR DESIGNIIFOICUS _

8 ------------------------------

5

-liu Pin SpeclficSlldlnll Ratio

- Actal Profile Contad Rltio

- lin Gult Specific Sndingl RiItlo

210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO

Wor1klng Depth for Unit Pitch

250

IFigure3-Tooth depth influence on slidingl and contact ratios laddendum factors +1- O20l

nately distributed between one and twotooth pairs as they rotate

For single-direction lubricateddrives the percentage of recess action point of contact This results in highshould be greater than the percentage of load concentration and a loss of conju-

are deflected Another issue related tobacklash determination is gear accura-cy More accurate gear teeth requireless thinning to maintain the designbacklash

Sufficient root clearance is neededto avoid the risk of interference Toomuch root clearance reduces the toothworking depth and the profile contactratio Higher profile-contact-ratio gearsets reduce noise levels and increasetooth strength by increasing the loadsharing It also reduces the deflectionvariation as the tooth load are alter-

approach action since the coefficient offriction in recess is less than approachLong-addendum pinions increase theamount of rece action and also reducethe chance of undercutting the profilein the root area of the pinion

Low pecific sliding ratios promoteurface durability and reduce operating

temperature High specific slidingratios can lead to overheating and a lossof capacity Applying long-addendummodificarion and using enlarged oper-ating center distances reduces theamount of sliding

Maximum Effective Center Dis-tanee Check The second extreme con-dition is at the leas I material condition

(LMO and the maximum effective cen-ter distance The maximum effectivecenter distance for external gears is thefarthest apart the gears centers can beconsidering the tolerances bore-to-haft clearances component runout

temperature humidity and gear accura-cy The separating forces of the gearmesh influence this condition

The profile contact ratio is the pri-mary design parameter that is checkedat this most widely spaced condition Ifthe effective contact ratio fall below1000 loss of smooth-motion transmis-sion will re ult Excessive wear andvibration will result becau e the radiuson the driven tooth tip will be the first

gate actionSince mesh and mounting errors

reduce the effective contact ratio adesign contact ratio larger than 10 isrequired A typical minimum designprofile contact ratio for spur gears is1200 although this is difficult toobtain with gear sets that have pinionswith a low number of teeth Designinggears for higher profile contact ratio isone of the goals of optimization

Gear GeometryTootl Forms Molded plastic gear

design offers a stril(jng potentia foroptimization because the mold isdesigned for a specific gear The toothform must be compatible with al] mat-

ing gears but does not need to conform10 any given standard The AGMA stan-dard JO06-A97 Tooth Proportions forPlastic Gears discusses four plastictooth forms ranging in working depthfrom 2000(Diametral Pitch) to2700(Diamelral Pitch) The increasingtoorh depth provides greater potentia]for higher profile contact ratio Thesetooth forms have full fillet radii andrepresent sound engineering practiceUse of these forms alone does nOIpro-duce optimum gear georeetrychoweverthey do provide a very good startTooth Depth Optimization Example

Here is an example of one of thedesign parameters-working toothdepth-s-evaluated for optimization Thespecification of gear geometry includesnumber of teeth pitch pressure anglehelix angle outside diameter toothdepth (Oath thickness face width rootand tip radii along with any requiredtooth profile modification

Equal Addedul1l Design Equaladdendum de ign demonstrates the pos-itive and negative results of changingtooth depth A common design goal isto design gears with the highest profilecontact ratio and the lowest pecificsliding ratio po sible The profile con-tact ratio increases as the working toothdepth is increased That is a benefit forthe design

At the same time the specific slidingratio increases as the tooth depthincreases This is a detriment becauseof the increase in heat generated in thetooth mesh The designer mu t balancethe two opposing parameters 10 maxi-mize tbe net benefit For continuouslyfunning applications a maximum spe-cific sliding ratio of 30 is recommend-ed Exceeding 30 raises the probabilityof premature failure Intermittent appli-cations can tolerate higher values

Figure 1 relates the influence oftooth depth on profile contact ratio andspecific sliding ratio for pillion andgears that have equal sddendum (RefI) This example does not represent anoptimized design and is onlypresentedto illustrate the relative change

270

24 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot wwwgeartechnologycom bull wwwpowerrransmssioncoffl

_------------IIGEAR DESIGNFOCUS 1 _The example i a 24-tooth pimon

meshed with a 72-looth gear having aWO pressure angle The tooth form isfull fillet The Working Depth axis isscaled to a unit measure of pitch Itwould apply (0 either a 100 diametralpitch or a 100 module gear set

Figure I indicates that the contactratio increases as the tooth depthincrease There is also a markedincrea e in the specific Iiding ratioThe increa e in liding rai es ubeamount of heat generated in fhe meshand will at some point reduce thebending strength The effects are SllOW1l

in Figure 2The e trength factor apply to gear IFigure 4---RODt Ibendinglstrength factors laddendum factors+- 020)

sets wijh equal addendums The resultis unbalanced root bending strengthsIn this case the gear member with thelarger number of teeth is stronger thanthe pinion suaUy a stronger pinion isdesired for equal life because it seesmore contact cycles

It is apparent in thisexample and theflex I that there i an increase in trengthas the working tOOI1t depth increasesThis assumes that the teeth are accurateenough to hare the load This reducesthe diameter of the lowest point of sin-gle tooth contact and reduce the bend-ing ures A peak value at the 255-unitworking depth illu trate that theaega-live effect of the higher pecific slid-ing ratio exceed the positive effects ofthe increased contact ratio as the toothdepth increases beyond that point Thenext example shows a root strength bal-ance in favor of lite pinion

Modified Addendum Design If thepinion is made with a long addendumand the gear is made with a shortaddendum the bending trength arecloser 10 a balanced condition Figure 3shows the positive effect of the adden-dum change on the specific tidingratios The pinion specific liding ratioi reduced from 80 Ito 34 a 570reduction

As shown in Figure 4 the strengthfactor of the pinion is now increa ed40 This isa more favorable condi-tion At the optimum tooth depth the

11------------

DI~-------------

pinion strength is higher than thai of profile modifications very appliea-the gear This comparison of a 24-toolllpinion represents a condition that read-i]y allows for deeper tooth depths

Often it is necessary to elect alower number of teeth for trengthandor for the increased depth toaccommodate an acceptable profilecontact ratio over the range in the effec-tive operating center distance As thenumbers of teeth in the pinion getsmaller the outside diameter furtherrestrictsthe tooth depth due to pointedteeth preventing larger tooth depths

Working Depth CencluslensThe optimization example using the

parameter oflooth working depthincreased the strength factor by morethan 100 for both equal-addendumand modified-addendum designs Thidemonstrates that shallow depth or stubteeth are NOT stronger than teeth witha greater working depth as long as thetooth accuracy allows for load sharingIt points out that tile gear profiles mustbe accurate to maintain the load shar-ing as me smooth-motion tran mi -sion and deliver the performancerequired

Other ParametersAn other gear specifications are also

candidates for optimization Theyinclude the pitch pres ure angle helixangle addendum modification rootclearance face width root and tip radiitooth thickne s center di lance and

lion ha it own unique requirement Every gear design can benefit fromoptimization Pia tic gears offer thegreatest optimization opportunitybecause the gear design and therequired 1001 are not constrained bytooth form standards

The best time to apply the results ofoptimization is when a new tool isrequired Optimization is an integral partof a robust de ign and tool manufactur-ing process ]I represents a significantopportunity 10 reduce total costs sizenoise and improve time-to-market withincrea ed customer sarisfaction 0

RefereneeI Univer al Technical Systems KSolver Program 60-610 Plastic GearGeometry arid Load Analysts utilized

Tell Us What You Think Visit wwwg bullbull rtlchnologycomtobull Rita this articlebull Requllt more informationbull Contlct the authors or companill mentionedbull Mike a IUllllestionOr call 1147431-amp60410blllD DIll allU edi1Drs

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_-----------IGEAR DESIGNFOCUS 1 _

Program for Involute Equationto Develop Spur Gears on

ProlE Software

On effect this articlecontinues a previousGear Technology art-

__ de Modeling GearsIn ProlEngineer published inthe JanuaryFebruary J 999issue The previousarticle dis-cussed drawing involute gearteeth using a program builtinto the ProE software

However the programdoes not include the effect ofthe profile shift in the invo-lute equation Tile outsidediameter and roo diameterneeded as input data may beobtained from the articleProfile Shift in ExternalParallel-Axis Cylindrical hr-volute Gears published inGear Technology in its 0-

vernberDecernber 2001 issueFor true modeling of spur

gears especially in terms ofgear tooth profile it is veryimportant to include theeffects of profile shift

The technique depends 011

generating the involute curvein such a fashion so it isformed exactly symmetricalabout one of the planes and amirror image of the curve canbe formed by using the mirrorcommands The technique can

San deep Slinga11

be automated 0 all parame-ters-like number of teethcorrection factor modulepressure angle outside di-ameter and root diameter-are already present andready for input That way aperson carl generate anothergear just by changing theinput parameters

Reference for generationof this involute equation istaken from the June 1980 edi-tion of Gear Cutting Toolspublished by VerzahntechnikLorenz GmbH amp Co Ettlingen Germany

The procedure given hereis based on the followingassumptionsbull Only spur gears are consid-eredbull Tooth thinning for backlashis ignoredbull Tooth profile protuberancefor grinding relief is ignoredbull Tooth profile is not under-cut andbull Root fillet is approximatedwith a circular curve joiningthe involute and root circle

The step-by-step proce-dure for generation of theinvolute is as followsbull Step 1 Create the three

Default Datum planes usingthe commands Feature Cre-ate Datum Plane Defaultbull Step 2 Create the protru-sion taking into account thatthe gears outer diameter isknown To create the protru-sion use the commandsFeature Create Solid Pro-trusion Revolve(Note The Extrusion com-mand also can be used)bull Step 3 Create the coordinateystem for generation of the

involute equation using thecommands Feature Create

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Datum Coord sys 3 Planes(Note Refer to the threedefault datum planes createdin Step I take care that the Z-axis has to be in the directionof the gears center axis)bull Step 4 Generate the invo-lute profile of one tooth flankTo do this use the commandsFeature Create DatumCurve From EquationChoose Cylindrical and usethe just-created coordi natesystem

At this point there will bea window in which the invo-lute equation will need to bewritten The equation willneed the following input datanumber of teeth (not) pres-sure angle (pangle) module(m) correction factor of thegear under consideration (x)outside diameter (ad) and rootdiameter (rd) These data willchange with each specificgear to be drawn

The equation is as followsped= not=m

bed = pcdcos(pangle)rbase = bcd2tt laquo(3141592654)m)2)

+ (2mxtan(pangleraquok bcdlaquottpcd)

+ (tan(pangle)- laquopangle(3141592654raquo)180raquo)

gamma =laquo(bcd(3141592654raquo- (notkraquo(not2))(3601(bcd(3141592654)))

r = rbase(cos(t40raquo28 MAYJUNE 2002 GEAR TECHNOLOGY wwwgeartBchnologycommiddot wwwoowertrensmtsstoncom

As an example the follow-ing input data will be used

not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338

inv = tan(t40) - laquo(t40)(3141592654raquo1180)

theta = laquo(iIlV 180)1(3141592654raquo+ gamma)

zO

The output ispcd Pitch Circle

Diameterbed = Base Circle

rbase = Base Circle Radiusit Tooth Thickness

at the pcdk= ToothThickness at

the bedgamma = Basically this is myown term for calculation ofthe angle subtended by theend point of the start of invo-lute profile from the base cir-cle diameter towards the gearcenter (Note This is animportant parameter whichhelps generation of the invo-lute profile exactly at a pointwhere if we take a mirrorimage of the profile then bothgenerated profiles will createthe exact space width in thegear tooth)

r = This calculates the rfunction for involute profilesin terms of cylindrical coordi-nates

inv = This is tam a) - awhere a ~ the pressure anglein radians

theta ~ This calculates thetheta function for involuteprofiles in terms of cylindricalcoordi nares

t = ProE internal vari-able which varies from 0 to 1

z = the gear axis (Forthe program the axis has to bezero)

(Note This program will gen-erate involute profiles up to40deg only as the variable I

given in the output for randinv is 40deg However this

_ bullbullbullbullbull GIEARDESIGN FOCUS bullbullbull _

function can be changed toany extent based on individualrequirements)

This step will generate aninvolute profile curve whichwin be found at anangle withrespect to one of the Datumplanebull Step 5 To create a mirrorimage of thi datum curveabout the plane usethe com-mands Feature Copy MinorDependent Select the curveand say Done then choose theDatum plane along which thecurve is to be mirroredbull Step 6 To create the cutusing the already generatedcurves use the commandsFeature Create Solid CUIExtrude Choose the planecontaining the datum curvesas the Sketching plane UseGeometry Tools in theSketcher mode Use the edgesof the datum curves UseOuter Diameter as the bound-aries of the cut Also draw theroot cjrcle radius for closingthe boundary Extrude the cutalong the entire face widthThis procedure should be

restricted to gears withoutundercut The involute can bejoined with the root circle bygiving a suitable value forthefillet radius For this exampletile value is 08 mm The geardesigner can choose how tojoin the profile with the rootcircle diameter

After Step 6 one toothspace will have been createdFrom here any method for thegear generation can be used Inthis case the method used wasas followsbull Step 7 Create another cutusing the Copy command Usethe commands Feature CopyMove Dependent DoneRotate Select the center axisas the axis around which torotate For the rotation angleput 360nUimberof teeth as theinput and say Donebull Step 8 Generate the entiregear using the Pattern com-mand Use the commandsFeature and Pattern using thejust-copied cut as the featurefor the pattern This step willshow various dimensions onthe just-copied cut Select the

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rotation angle given in Step 7and fill i11 the same value ie360lnumber of teeth After-ward the program will ask forthe number of features in thepattern Give it a value that isone tooth less than thenumberof teeth One tooth is subtract-ed because one cut-the orig-inal one-is already there

This completes generationof a spur gear with the actual

involute profile using nominal See this and othervalues but without the actualprofile being produced in the Gear Technologyar1iclesroot fillet area Helical gearsalso can be generated but theinvolute equation is slightlydifferent

This program can be con-verted into parametric formin which only input values areneeded to completely generatea gear

A number of gears used intractor transmissions werechecked The gears had mod-ules in the range of 3-575mm The accuracy observedon the values for diameter

30 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot wwwgearechnologycom bull wwwpowertr3nsmissioncom

over pins and measurementover number of teeth varied inthe range of 1-4 micronsTherefore these steps can beused to reliably generate spurgearsO

from this issue online atwwwgeanechnologycom

Tell Us What You Think Visit our website atwwwgllsrtechngycomtobull Rate this aniclebull Request more informationbull Contact the author or

companies mentionedbull Make a suggestionOr call (8471437-6604 totalk to one of our editors

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Tell Us What You Think Visit lIIfWW~otWcomtobull RIll this co_bull RequIllNrt infonnatleabull Contact the compIIIIill mentionedbull Mak I augglllionOr call (141)437-6604 to talk to one of our editors

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SM

____________ GEAR DESIGN FOCUS ~

Increased Load Capacity ofWorm Gears by Optimizing the

Worm Wheel Bronze

Dr-Ing Ulrich Nassis managet global concepT developmel1 forKiekerT AG located in Heiligenhals GertnanHe deelops Technical concepTs for alIOIlIOTielocking SmiddotSTellsHe has llOrked 01 a 110111 heelbron~e projeCT on a German slandwd for lomlgears and on several ildlSTrial projecTs imol-ing llortn gear applicaTiollS frail vaCllm clean-

Figure l-Dependence of strength on nickel and phosphor content ers TOTlnnelfans

wwwpowertransmissioncom bull wwwgeartechnologycommiddot GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot MAYJUNE 2002 33

This paper was published in Antriebstechnik

December 2001 as the article Tragfahigkeits-

steigerung bei Schneckengetrieben durch opti-

mierte Schneckenradbronzen

The lifetime of worm gears is usuallydelimited by the bronze-cast wormwheels The following presents someoptimized cast bronzes which lead to adoubling of wear resistance

IntroductionWorm gears are of growing impor-

tance in the field of power transmissionAbove all increasing environmentalconsciousness which comes along with

strict legal restraints concerning noisecontrol leads to an increased spread ofthis low-noise type of gearing Apartfrom soundproofness the great range ofgear ratios (i = 5-80) that can be realizedwithin a single stage is counted amongthe positive propertiesThe low noise levels result from high

sliding rates during meshing High slid-ing velocities in combination with rela-tively high hertzian pressures at incom-

plete initial contact patterns require apairing of materials that enables running-

400RmRrtJ2

t300

200

100 Grain Size 100-160 urnP-Content 005-0100

pound010 J

1115

110

105

in Therefore material pairings of thecombination softhard are used in wormgears Normally case-hardened steelworms are paired with worm wheelsmade of CuSn alloys (bronze) Thismaterial selection causes wear whichmight restrict the lifetime of such gearsOn the other hand wear is of littleimportance for other types of gears withdifferent material pairings Thus strongefforts are made for substituting thebronze with materials of higher wearresistance at lower costsToday research work focuses on

materials like steel (Ref I) or cast iron(Refs 2 and 3) The results show thatbronze can be partially replacedHowever these materials do not reachthe well-balanced properties and thewide range of use of bronze Con-sequently bronze will remain the univer-sal material for worm wheels in thefuture The aim of todays work on opti-mizing the bronze is to increase wearresistance while keeping the specificadvantages of the material This wi II leadto an improved efficiency and a higherendurance in worm gears

Copper- Tin AlloysThe bronze GZ-CuSn 12Ni according

to DIN 1705 (Ref 4) is seen as the stan-dard worm wheel material nowadays Itis composed of approximately 12 tin2 nickel 02 phosphor and 02lead Copper-tin alloys feature a hetero-geneous structure which consists ofa-solid solution (mixed crystals) and anincorporated fraction of (a + 0) eutec-toid The wide solidification range ofcopper-tin alloys leads to significant seg-regation which causes varying concen-trations of tin within the a-solid solutionAdding nickel to the binary copper-tin

alloy leads to an increased fraction ofeutectoid and consequently improves thestrength of the bronze Phosphor is addedfor casting reasons as it reduces the vis-cosity of the melt and thus improves thefoundry characteristics Phosphor addi-tives higher than 0075 cause embrit-tlement Lead additives enhance machin-

Prof Dr-Ing Wolfgang Predkiis The head of The chair of mechanical compo-nenTs indlSlrial and alTOmOTiepOller Transmis-sion al Rlhr UnileJsiTy locaTed in BochlIIIGemtanl The chair ellploys 16 aSSiSTal1sThreeof whom pelomt research on llomt gears Theresearch jiJcllses on wear oplimi~ation of wormwheels COlllaCTpaTTem oil optimizaTion andplaslic woml gears

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Figure 2 Micrograpiu 01 celltrifugallycast bronze (top) and con lIentional eonsn-uously cast bronzeability and resistance to galling The leadis not dissolved in the melt but dispersedin the structure The influence of nickeland phosphor additives on the macro-scopic strength is shown in Figure I

Youngs modulus E flexural strengthA5 limit of elasticity RrJ2 and tensilestrength R increase unless they reach 3nickel content Compared [0 the rest thebronze without addition of nickel showsinferior physical properties Phosphoradditives cause embrittlement Tensilestrength Rm and limit of elasticity RpO2nearly remain the same

Today sand casting centrifugal cast-ing and continuous casting are the mostcommonly used casting proceduresCentrifugal casting provides an optimalfine-grained and uniform structureHowever the use of centrifugal castingis restricted to medium diameter wormwheels The minimum outer diameters ofcentrifugally cast worm wheel rims arein the range of around 100 mm Smallerdiameters are realized by continuouscasting Especially for small wonn gear bullthe wear behavior i of particular impor-tance for the life cycle of the gearingContinuou Iy cast materials often featurevery poor wear behavior which showshigh variance Large diameter wheel

_------------IGEAIR DESIGNIFDCUS _rims are manufactured by and casting

a liltsExperiment onl cylindrical worm

gears with a center di ranee a = tOO mmand agear mlio i = 205 clarifythe inOu-ence of tile different material parameterson the wear behavior of she bronzeOverall 13 different bronzes are provid-ed Based on the standard bronze OZ-

uSnJ2Ni (Ref 4) a specific variationof the parameter medium grain sizenickel content phosphor content andcasting procedure i executed Amongothers a new specially treated continu-ously cast bronze is examined and showsa modified cry tal structure Centrif-ugally cast bronze feature circularshaped grain while the grain of theconventional continuou Iy cast bronzeare elongated andaligned in a preferredorientatlon The structure of the modifiedcontinuously ca t bronze is imilar to thestructure of the centrifugally cast bronzeThis was obtained by a specific variationof parameters like the peed of rakingout the slag the intensity of cooling orthe casting temperature Figure 2 com-pares the poli hed micrograph sectionsof centrifugally ca I bronze and conven-uonal continuously cast bronze

The experiments provide the opern-nonal wear rate depending on the outputtoJ1C(ueT2 aitwo different values of rota-uonal speed 11 As an example Figure 3give the experimentally determined oper-ational wear rates 10118 of he standardbronze GZ-CuSn 12Ni They form the ref-erence for the evalllalion of the roUowingexperiments The operational wear raterepresents the mass I ss of the wonn wheelin relation to the operating time Wear ofthe harder worm is in ignifieant

In DiN 3996 (Ref 5) the wear irnem i-ty Jw i defined as the flank 10 in normalsection related to he wear palb of thelombing Charting th wear intensity by thelubricant film thicknes parameter Kw in adouble-logarilhmic diagram reveals a lin-ear dependence Figure 4 represent thecalculated wear intensity values JK82 ofthe standasd bronze GZ-CuSIlI 2Ni

The marked interval re ults from astatistical evaluation of the wear intensi-

3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II

Figure 4-- ear inlensil value of Ille standard bronze GZ-Cu -1I12Ni

Figure 5-MaJerial Hlearfaclor Ii dependirlg 011 nickel content phosphor contentgrain sizl andmiddot casting procedure

-----t~ Nickel Content

HI ISOI J1I11Grain Sue

54

Grsin S~e 100-160 um_NiCDntent 20--22

io 006 0-18D2

-----I Phosphor ContInI

Cony Cont CUMg

Centrifugal C~ing MDdConL CaSllng

2SO

pown nmssloncom bull Illtllftechnorollycom bull QEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot MAYJUNE 2002 3S

51

Nicklll Conlenl Grain Sile Modified ConL StaMerd ConvBntJonal Cant045 50-100 J1I11 Cssllng Broflls CaSllng

Figuremiddot 6middot-lxtellsion of Hlear life emeelmiddot ta cOfpeTltiolal CfJlltimwlI casting

_-----------GEAR DESIGN Focus 11111

approach to calculate a wear characteris-lic WMml from physical basics which

I permits estimating of the wear behaviorI of CuSnaJloys from their male rial

Ii jI III

I~ ~ I

tie This interval indicates the rangewhere the wear intensity of the nexttest

run will occur with a probability of 90The be t-fu traigfu lime give a refer-

ence tandard for the other test bronzes

The material wear factor Will results in

the nickel and phosphor content and ofthegrain size and casting procedure onthe materia] wear factor

lit reference ro the standard bronzeGZ-CuSnI2Ni material wear factors lt 11

denote a better wear behavior whilematerial wear factors gt I stand for a

worse wear behavior Figure 5 leads to

the following conclusions

bull Withincreasillg grain izelhe wear

increases along with the material wear

(1)JwWw---Jwm

Figure 5 iIIu trates the influence of

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factor WAfbull Adding nickel results in a strong wear

reduction Bronze with a nickel contenthigher than 4 reveals the best wear

behavior of all bronzes examined

bull Phosphor contents of more than about006 lead toinereased wear

bull The conventional continuously castbronze features the most inferior wearbehavior of all bronzes te ted lin C0l1-

trast the modified continuously cast

bronze shows a wear behavior similar tocentrifugally ea t bronze So for the firsttime 3 bronze material with a superiorwear behavior is available even for

smaller worm gearsBased on the determined wear inten-

sities the wear life can be calculatedaccording to DIN 3996 (Ref 5) The Lifefactor i defined as the re pective wear

life divided by the wear life of the con-ventional contmucusly ea t bronzeAccording to Figure 6 the life factors

give the exten ion of wear life in relationto conventional continuou castiog

The figure clarifies thai when substi-

tuting a conventional continuously cal t

bronze with 3 bronze having an increased

nickel content of 4(4S an exten ionof (he wear life by the factor 84 is possi-

ble Even compared 10 he common stan-

dard bronze GZmiddotCuSn] 2Ni the wear lifecan be nearly doubled

It is evident to the caster and the

designer that it i nece sary to predict thewear behavior of a bronze from its phys-ical properties and that starting from adesired wear behavior it hould be pos-

ible 10 specify the appropriate phy iealproperties of a bronze and therefore tochoose a suitable casting procedure

These con iderations led to a fir I

parameter Developed from wearfatigue theory the following equation isderived

(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]

36 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY w geartechnoiogycom bull wwwpo errallsmlssloncom

III ---- __ IGIEARIDIESIGIN FOCUS _

ReferencesI Forschungsvereinlgung AntriebstechnikcV Bericbi zurn Vorhaben Nr 236Schneckenradereus gehtirtetem Stahl FVi-forlrhIlpreporI199] 19932 Fors hung vereimgung Antricb technikeV FVA-Rlrschungsyomaben 11 Pre senbei Sehneckengetneben Forschungsver-einigung Antriebstechnik Issue 390 19933 ViII D Schncckengelriehe zurLeislUngsUbenrapmg mil der laufpaarungSllIhVGraugu6 SchriftMrrihe de lnstitutiiI Konstrukiionstechnik Issue 897 Rum-Univerilll Bochum 19894 DeutschesIn tin rur Normung cV DIN1705-Kupfer-Zinn und Kupfer-Zinn-Zink-Gulllegierungen GuLlsliicke Beuth VerlagNovember 19815 Deutsches Institut fur Normung eY DIN3996- Tii1grihigkeiL~berechnung lion Zylin-der-Schneekengemeben mil Achsenwinkel~G Scuh erlag September 199 6 ~ForschungsveteinigUlIg Antriebstechnik

porlrnmluloncom gurlllchnologycom bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY MAYJUNE 2002 31

Errd Equivalent E-module inNmm2 DIN 3996Rm Ten ile trengrh in Nlorm2

As Flexural strength II a percentEquation 2 perrnitsprediction of the

rnateriai wear factor from tensile testingdata with high aCCUfilCY The equivalentE-madule denotes the actuating variableon the expected wear behavior

summaryThis article presents orne new results

on how to select and influence materialparameter of worm wheel bronzeregarding wear re istance Exten ivestudies on cylindrical worm gears lead 10

the faHowing recommendations concern-ing an advantageou ~ Cal behavior Higher nickel contents cause a drasticdecrease of wear bull Phosphor contents higher thun OJ)6should be avoided A h magenou and fine-grained crys-tal tructure i favorable and In meller worm gears modifled OOD-

tinuou 1)1 cast bronze hould be usedinstead of conventional continuouslycast bronze

Further information on thi topic canbe found in the final report on theForschungsvorhaben 205 (Re~ellJChProject No 205) of theForschungsvereinigung Amrieb technikeV Germany (Ref 6)

cY iVA-For chung vorhaben 205Tragflihigkeil~Seigerung von chnecken-getrieben durch Oplimierung der Schneck-rndbronze Farschungsheft der Forscllrmgs-ltreilligmlg Antriebstechnik e 1 Issue 47619957 Pfedki W Hertzsehe DrUckc

chmicrspalth hen und Wirkllngsgrade vonSchneckentrieben Schriftenreihe deslnstinas fiir Konstruktionstechnik L sue 824Ruhx-Unjversitili Bochum 1982

Tell Us What You Thin bull Visit WWW1l1n1chnolollycomtobull Rate this aniclebull Request more informationbull Contact the authors or companies mentionedbull Make a suggestion I

Or call (847)437-6amp14 to Ilk CO tIII8 of our editoR

preciaiian chrough Idisrnond

INNOVATIIVE PCD REIIINIFORCINIGFOR DIIIRECT PlATED DRESSEIRS

We will design build and guarantea from your gear summalY charts gear dressers lorAeishauer SPA and Fassle IDSASyst8msi-Direct-Pfated or Sintered-Bond Single- orDouble-Sided Dressers

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Call or fax LIS your gear dresser requirements(au will Quickly discover what leading US gear producers have learned

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_------------PRODUCTNEWS-----------New Gearheads Motors Worm Gears

G1ear Driives amp MIachilnes

New Planetary IGearhealdfrom IHDSvst1ems

The new Harmonic Planetary HPGSeries from HD Systems incorporates aring gear design to reduce backlash toless than one arc minute for the life ofthe gearhead Thi eliminates (he back-lash creep commonly as ociated with

conventional planetary gearingAvailable in both flange output and

shafl output configurations applicationsfor this product include packagingautomation and machine tool

The flange output model i suitablefor turntable applicalion becau e theflange is supported by 11 precision cross

roller bearing that provides low run-out and high concentridty

For more informatIon contact HD

Systems Inc of Hauppauge NY by tele-phone ai (631) 231-6630 or bye-mail atillfoHDSIf1el

New RighI Angle PlanetaryGearmotors andilReducers frmiddotom

GroschoppGroschcppsnew right angle plane-

tary products are designed for space-savillg applications A righr angle attach-rnent makes it possible for the gearmotorto fitinto light places

~ According to Grosehopps pressi release these products feature sun gear design and equal load haringFloating

i sun gears are designed to provide trueinvolute action which occurs when therolling motion between the mating gemsis complete The benefit of this complete

meshing of gears is longer reducer lifesince less internal gear lippage means

fewer broken gear teethOther features include heaHreated miter

gears for low noise and high load capacitySingle and double outpat shaft designs are

~ available A synthetic gear oil is used 10 can)

~ heal away from the gears reducing wear and~ increasingefficiellCY and longevity~ For more information contact~ Groschopp of Sioux Center lA by tete-

~ phone at (800) 829-4135 or on UteInternet at wwwgroschoppcom

Worm Gears Without the NeedfolGrinding from Leistritz

Worm gears can be constructed byLeistritz Corp without needing grindingdue to advances in machining andaeattreating techniques The company says

the procedure involves soft cutting doneto finish tolerances and the operation is

stress-free to eliminate po sible dis tor-tion during induction hardening or vacu-

limatmospheric heat treating

According to Leistntzs press releasethe company whirlillg machine formthe foundation for soft cutting at finish

tolerances The e machine produce partsto AGMA Grade 6 specifications withlead pitch and profile tolerances of lessthan 00005

The company says that becausewhirling does not require undercuts at theends of the worm area the worm facewidth can be optimiaed and the overallshaft length reduced Eliminating under-

cuts also negates the need for deburringworm teeth ends at each undercut

For more information contact

Leistritz Corp of Allendale NI by tele-phone at (201) 934-8262 or on theInternet at IVWW leistrirz com

Dlrop-In Gear Drives from FalkRenew

Falk Renew i now offering remanu-

factured gear drives that are dimension-ally identical to original equipmeat

Thi eliminates foundation changes andmod ificar ions

According (0 the company pres

release Palkreviews the drive nameplateinformation and re earche the originalrecord to ensure an identical replace-ment A complete drive assembly-including base plate coupling andguard -is supplied as are new bearingsseal and eal surface bull gears and shafts

For more inforrnation contact FalkRenew of New Berlin WI by telephoneat (262) 317-1420 or bye-mail atrenewjCllkcorpcom

38 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY Wwgeart8(hnaiofIY-COm bull wpow8rlrllnsml~sloncom

_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------

New IDC GeBlnnotor fJomThomsonAirpax IMechabonics 1

The TAM58-31E i a new family of 1brushless _ gearmotors that combine 9- l510tstator and 12-pole rotor construction lde ign This motor provides a gear reduc- ~lion transmission with a standard brush- lIe s motor and controller in one package ~

Modular motor can be ordered with ian intemal Hall sensor wire harness 1as embly or full on-board drive electron- lics The motor are combined with ~

heavy-duty permanently lubricated gear l 586 Hilliard Street RO 8ox1898~ Manchestet CT 06045-1898 USAtrains ccordiag (0 Thomsons press 1 Telephone 860 649-0000 Fax 860 645-16293relea e the products bring the benefits of 1 Home Page httpIANwwpurdytransmissionsc1lmlong-life brushless meterpower to small- l E-Mail salespurdytransmissionScom Ispace applications i CUIIIIITHE fUDfCQRPCJRI1ION

powerlrllnsmissloncommiddot wwwltlsrtechnomiddot09ycom bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot MAYJUNE 2002 39

CNICIGear Shaping Machine fremMitsubishi

The ST40CBC from Mitsubishi GearTechnology Center has been modified toinclude a programmable lead guide fea-ture Accerding [0 Musubishis presrelease thi permits helix angle up to+1-36 10 be haped without the need toinstall expensive hydrostatic guide

With programmable troke length upto B5 mm the machines Iflle_t versionhas been enhanced wilh optional quickrelurn stroke Mit~ubishi oys dependingon the stroke length used savings up to35 in cycle times are possible

According to Milsubi hi the systemfor quick return stroking involves spe-cimly developed oflware in combinationwith enhanced ervomotor performanceThi software works in unison with theprogrammablc heli angle generation toachieve accurate lead eonjrol for the

return and cUlling trokeFor more information contact l

Mjt~ubihi of Wixom MJ by telephone ~at (248) 668-4141 or on the lruernet at ~wImiddotwmitsubisJrilearclIltercom

These products work in damp du tyand harsh environments and conform to theIP44 construction and NEMA Size 34mounting tandards They are designed for

Senll~_Qurnew product releases toGell rechngr1I4011liunt AvenuElk Grove Village IlL60007FIlI(~841-431-6618Emiddotm UpeoI11egeBftJJcbnolDgylomuse in industrial applications like automat-

ed conveyor sy [ems barcode labeling Tell Us What You Think

-printing pump valves machine tool andagricultural equipment

For more information contactThomson Airparaquo Mechatronies of PanWashinglon NY by ietephone at (5161883-8()()) or by fax al (516) 883-9039

bull Rale this collllllllbull Request more informationbull Contact companies mentionedbull Make llIJI98ItionOf can (8C7) cu-IBM 10 talk to one at CU ediIon

THE PURDYCORPORATION

ISO 9002 CERTIFIED

ADVERTISER INDIEXUSE RAPID READERRESPONSE to eentaet any advertiser in this issue

www geartechngycomrrrhtmRapidllReader Response hs IFAST hs IEASY Its ONLY ONUNE

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Aero Gear Inc B I (860)688-0888 buygearsaerogearcom wwwaerogearcom

Ajax Magnethermic Corp 47 (800) 547-1527 ajaxsalesajaxmagcom wwwajaxmagcom

American Metal Treating Co 46 (216) 431-4492 markamericanmetaltreatingcom wwwamerieanmetaltreatingcom

IArrow Gear Co 4 (630) 969-7640 bevelsarrowgearcom wwwarrowgearcomI AW Systems Co 10 (248) 544-31152 II

Barit International Corp 34 (847) 272-8128 peoplebaritcom wwwbaritcom I

Bourn amp Koch Machine Tool Co 846 1815) 965-4013 bournkochWoridnetattnet wwwbourn-kochcom

Crucible Service Centers 32 (800) 365-1185 cruciblecrucibleservicecom wwwcrucibleservicecom

Or Kaiser (SL Munson) 37 (1100) 775-1390 infoslmunsoncom-

I Dragon Precision Tools Co Ltd www~allencocom

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(Greg Allen Co) 3S (440) 331 -0038 galiencomsneom www ragoncokr

Dura-Bar 6 (800) 227-6455 or sal eSdura-barcom wwwdura-barcom(615) 338-7800~

IEnplas Inc 11 (770)795-1100 salesenplasusacom wwwenplasusacom

Fassler Corp 31 (4middot14)769-0072 I usafaessler-agch wwwfaessler-agch

The Gear Industry Home Pagetrade 2845 (847) 437-6604

Ipeoplegeartechnologycom I wwwgear1echnologvmiddotcom

Gear Motions Inc 45 (315)488-0100 wwwgearmotionscom

Gear Technologv Buyers Guide Z((3 32 (847) 437-6604 patriciageartechnologycom I wwwgeartechnolo9ymiddotcom

Gleason Corp 45 (585) 473-1000 dmeltongleasoncom wwwgleasoncom

Gleason Cutting Tools Corp 1 4546 (BI5) 877-8900 dmeltongleasoncom wwwgleasoncom

Th e Glea son Works IFC (585) 473-1000 dmeltongleasoncom wwwgleasoncom

Ikona Gear International Inc 29 (604) 513middot9552 infoikonagearcom wwwikonagearcom

IMTS 2002 20 (703) 893middot2900 or wwwimtsnatorg(6001 322-4687

--Insco Corp 28 197111448-6368 salesinscocorpcom wwwinscocorpcom

Interstate Tool Corp 46 (2161671-1077 wwwinterstatetoolcorcom I

lTW Heartland 29 13201762-8782 itwgearsitwgearscom V1IWWilWg ea rs com

II

Jamal Group of ~OITlpanil1s Inc46 (91 I(80) 841-0239 jamalgrpbglvsnlnetin wwwjamalgearscom

IGears amp Transmissions Div

Koepfer America LLC 47 IB47) 931-4121 saleskoepferamericacom wwwkoepferamericacom

Koro Sharpening Service 47 76J)425-5247 stevekoroindcom

Kreiter Geartech 4S (7 I3) 237-9193 kreiterkreiter-geartechcom wwwkreiter-gearteehcomI

Lambert a Wahli 45 (41) 32H6-0272 saleslambert-wahlich wwwlambert-wahlichI

LeCount Inc 34 (802) 296-2200 or 1 Ieco untsovernet wwwlecountcomI

(aDO) 642-6713I

Mldwest Gear amp Tool Inc 19 1586) 754-8923 msscrattglobalnet

Midwest Gear Corp 4S 1330) 425-4419 i ronhmwgeareom wwwmwgearcom-

Nachi Machining Technology Co S (S86) 263-0100 I salesnachimtccom wwwnachimtccomI

Okamoto MachineI) Co Ltd 46 1I47) 520middot7700 bkojimaokamotocorpcom wwwokamoto-koukicojp

I Perry Technologv Corp IBC (860) 738-2525 salesperl)gearcom wwwperl)gearcom po wettrensmission comtrade 2645 (847)437-6604 ptsa Iespowertransmissioncom wwwpowertransmissioncom

I Precision Gear Co 30 (330) 487-0888 salesprecisiongearnet wwwprecisiongearnet

The Purdy Corp 39 (860)649-0000 sa lespurdytransmissionscom wwwpurdytransmissionscom

Russell Holbrook amp Henderson Inc 4 (201) 796-5445 sa lestrumiddotvolutecom wwwtru-volutecomI

Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

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sa lesstarcuttercom wwwstarcuttercom

Star Gutter Co I (888) 737-4277 or(West Branch Industries) I 46 (989) 345middot2865 sa lesstarcuttercom wwwstareuttercom

SU America Inc

IBC (647) 649-1450 salessuamericacom wwwsamputensilicom

Toolink Engineering 30 (303) 938-8570 supporttoolink-engcom www toolink-engcom

IUnited Tool Supply 19 (8001755-0516 unitedtoollaolcom wwwunite-a-maticcomI

44 MAY1JUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot wwwgeamiddotechnologycom bull wwwpowertransmissloncom

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WEB SITES

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powenransmssion comTMIf you sell gears or gcar dri yes there nobetter place to reach your potential cu -torners than on powertransmissioncomThe online buyers guide there helps designengineers purchasing agents and manufac-turing profe sional find power transmis-sion components from more than 100 lead-ing suppliers See our full-page ad on p 6

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GLEASON CUTTING TOOtSCORPORATION

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THE GEAR INDUSTRY HOME PAGEExplore the world of gear manufacturingfrom your desktop I With more than 75 ofthe gear industrys leading suppliers thebuyer guide on The Gear Industry HOlliePage1M is the only online resource youneed for machinery tooling and serviceprovidergt in the gear industry

wwwgeartechnologycom

Rates-Line Classified I minimum $325 Additional lines $4S per line (8 lines per ieeh) Di play Classified 3 minimum lX--$735 JX-$685per insertion 6X-$645 per insertion Additional per inch X-$255 JX-$2JS per insertion 6X-$225 per insertion Coler lassifled Add 150per insertion for color Gear Technology will set type [0 advertisers layout or design a classified ad at no extra charge Payment Full payment mustaccornpany classified ads Send check drawn lin US funds on a US bank or VisaMa~terCardlAn1ericall Express number and expiration date to GearTechnology PO Box 1426 Elk Grove Village IL60009 Agency Coaunlsslon No agency commission on classified ads Materials Dea4line Adsmust be received by he ISIh of the month two months prior 10 publication Acceptance Publisher reserves the right to accept or reject advenisemerusII his discretion

wpowerlrsnsmlssoncrJlrI wwwrIIrchnologyCDm bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot MAYJUNE 2002 45

SERVICE

v~BEVEL GEARSSpiral Bevel Gears - Straight Bevel gearsCustom Gea~ - 1 off or QuantityPrototypes amp Re-englneering our speciJllity ~Special Dlvlslon for Fine Pilch bevels i

Gleasoll nol02 Hypold amp Gleason no2A

Contact Gears amp TransmissionsNon Bangalore CooperativeIndl Estate Old Madras RoadBangalore - 560 016

Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387

Website wwwjamalgearscomEmailjamalgrpbgl vsnlnetill

Rep Offices in Canada - Australia

I Weare the source fO qualitygears F~omdesign to

manufacture bull to deliverycount on

Okamoto Machineryfor your demanding precision

gear and related powertransmission products

Look to us for the finestPreeislon Gears bullbullbull

+ Spiral Bevel + Worm+ Spur amp Helical + Splines

Custom design serviceHigh productlof cipablity

Unmatched quality service amp support

Rep Inquiries Invited I

CaUl todayOkamoto Machinery

847520middot7700 ext 625wwwokamoto bullkmiddotouklcoJp

GEAR INSPECTIONbull Helicalspurworm wheelsbull 24 hr turnaround

HobShaper CutterSharpening Service

bull Up to 10 dta x U lengthbull Rapid turnaround

Calibration of yourGear Inspection System

BCURNampKDCHPh (815)965-4013Fax (815)965middot00]9

1

2500 KisbwaUkee StRockford ~L61104

Ph (937)859middot8503Fax (937)865middot0656351 Fame RoadDayton OH 45449

46 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGYmiddot HlHIwgeartechnologycQm wwwpowerransmissioncom

GEAR TOOTHGRIINiDINGi SERVICESSpur - Helical - Double Helical

Capacity up to 605 00 1 DP 29Stroke All ground gears certitied up toAGMA Class 14+ on Zeiss-Htifler1602GMM Inventory of grinders includesHofler 800 Hofler 1253 Supra Hofler 1500two Hofler Nova GNG lnOOs (Fully CNCwith on-board CMM checker) andHofler Rapid 1000 Form Grinder

iKreiter Geartech2530 Garrow St Houston TX 71003Phone 713-237-9793 Fax 713-237-1209Contact Mr Willie WhittingtonVisit OUt Website atwwwkreiter-geartechcom

IHOB SHIARPENIINGSERVIICIE

Star Cuffer Co

West Branch IndustriesSubsidiary of Star Cutter Co

2083 W M-55 West Branch MI 486611-88S-ResharpI-888-737-4277

Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601

Induction HardeningSpecialists in Tooth by Tooth -Contour Hardening of ilntentalSpurhelical and bevel gearsOur gear hardening equipmentincludes 5 NATCQ submergedprocess machines and 5 AJAXCNC-controUed gear scanningmachines Tooth by tooth gearhardening from 5DP-l0DP up to1i5tons 200 diameter

American Metal Treating CompanyCleveland Ohio -

Phone (2161 431middot4492middot Fax (216) 431-1508Web wwwamericanmetaitreatingcom

Emiddotmail markamericanmetaltreatingcom

Breakdown Service Available

GEAR TOOTH GRINDlNGSpur bull Helicall

bull Herringbone Iwith groove ICapacity up to 63 OlD

1 IOP 16 face

AGMA Certification InspectionDelivery to Meet Your Requirements

Midwest Gear Corp2182 E Aurora IRdl

Twinsburg OH 44081Phone 330middot425middot4419Fax 330-425-8600

Direct your inquiries 10Ron Humphrey General Manager

ronhmwgearcom

CUSTOM ENGINEERED ampMANUFACTURED CUTTING TOOLS

ESTABLlSHED 1960

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I Gleason CUtting ToolsCORPORATION

1351 Windsor RoadLoves Park ill 61111 USA

Phone 815middotB77-8900Fax 61 5-877 -0264

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SERVICE

HOB SiHARPIENllNG(7163) 425-15247 THIN FILM COATINGS

HSS amp Garbide up to 5 DiaStraight Gash

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HOB SHARPENIING State-nt-tha-art eNC sharpening

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I Wet grindiing with free-cutting CBN ordiamond wheels for Burn freemiddot sharp-ening of carbide or high speed steel

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LITERATURE

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ADDENDUM _

FROM RUSSIA WITH TEETH

course The bicycles shell bad a naIT)W I supporting the steering wheel Standardslot for its steering wheel so it needed bicycle parts like brakes and brake

01n a little-knownincident SovietI machinists at Mill Helicopter

I worked in 1988 and 1989 on a special project to be used against

AmericansTiley were given the work by a gear

engineer Boris Zakoldaev who nowuses a different name

Working at Mils Panki factory themachinists made only the metal pansThe composite pieces were made 25miles away in Moscow

The completed machine was latertransported by air into Americas heart-land arriving at Chicagos OHareInternational Airport The machine wastaken to Milwaukee WI and unleashedagainst Americans-at a competitionfor human powered vehicle

The machine was a reclining bicyclewith an egg-shaped shell

Human powered vehicles includebicycles and other vehicles-trikesrickshaws pedal boats-that are pow-ered by people not motors or engines

The attempt was to beat theAmericans says Zakoldaev nowStepan Lunin a transmission engineerwho works in Chesapeake VA forVolvo Penta of the Americas Inc

Lunins bicycle didnt win its raceRidden by another Soviet man the

bicycle wasnt suited for the race

race courses with very gradual or nocurves The race cour e had sharpercurves than the bicycle could easilymanage Also the bicycle was pushedaround by the wind

The bicycle was de igned with anegg-shaped shell to decrease its aerody-namic resistance It wa made a areclining bicycle to reduce the shellsfront area further decreasing its aero-dynamic resistance

But the bicycle wasnt in the sheH-it was the shell The wheels and large

sprocket were mounted on the compos-ite shell with no conventional bicycleframe

Lunin recalls the shells drawbackslittle space danger and no cup holders

His bicycle was the product ofSoviet generosity Lunin explains thatthe Soviet Union was very enthusiasticabout building high-speed bicycles 15years ago So he gOImoney for hisbicycle and three others through grantsfrom three private businesses involvedin developing new ideas in sports

He recalls receiving a budget ofabout 350000 rubles At an exchangerate of 60 cents a ruble the sumamounted 10 about $210000 He nexthired a manufacturer to make the bicy-cles main metal pans

I went to my own company hesay and they did the job for me

The major plastic parts-tile shellpieces-were manufactured at a loca-tion in Moscow Lunins garage

~had experience with the compos-ites he says so Idid that myself

Lunin made four molds for creatingcomplete shells He then combined the

plastic parts with the metal parts thesprocket set the large sprockets bear-ings two aluminum beams (one forholding the large sprocket the other forholding the first beam) and a fork for

Stepan Iunin rides nne 01 his lour speciallymiddotmadsbicycles Aeroflot B iRussiBn Birline was a sponsorproviding lunin will Iree flighlS and cargOI delivolfY otbls bicycles for inlemtJonl fates

lEach of Lunins bicycles had a 21 diameter1l1oothsprocikel will involule leeth and round roots Thelarge sprocket combined will a 13middotloolh sprocket 10create a speed increaser with a 101 ratio

of the Soviet Union an official govern-ment committee

Ioday Lunins too busy for bicy-cling Among other things hes build-ing his own house in Chesapeake VA

Regarding his name Lunin explainsthat Boris Zakoldaev was probably list-ed with the KGB because of his work atMil So he used his dead materna]grandfathers name to more easilyobtain a travel visa Beeomiag a perma-nent US resident he Americanizedthat name slightly to Stepan Lunin

As for his bicycles he recalls thatone is iii a showroom of FlevobikeTechnology in Holland Another is inthe Washington DCarea The othertwo bicycles disappeared from aMoscow warehouse along with part ofthe grant money 0

Tell Us What You Think Visit wwwgeartBchnoJogycomtobull Rate this amelebull Request more infonnationbull Contact the person mentionedbull Make a suggestionOr call (111) Cf1aD1111 1I1k III one of 011 ediIOrs

levers were also addedEach bicycle weighed about 77

pounds Each large sprocket weighed alittle more than 2 pounds=-vdeflnirelyheavy for a bicycle Lunin says

Despite the bicycles weight Luninreached a speed of 806 miles per houron it in the summer of 1988 inMoscow He held that peed for about 7seconds setting a 200-meter speedrecord in the Soviet Union

Lunins peed and time that daywere recorded by the Sport Committee

48 MAYJUNE 2002 bull GEAR TECHNOLOGY wwwgearlechnotogycom wwwsowertrensmisstoncom

Samputensili presents tile new modularS-series in a complete diameter rangefrom 1100up to 3000 mm built inChemnitzlGermany the cradle of gearhobbing

In addition we provide an unmatchedservice and sales network throughoutthe IJS by Meritage Nationai Servicesand its affiliates

SU America Inc8775 Capital AveOak lParlk MI48237lell +1248548middot7177Fax +1 248 548middot4443E-mail salessllamericacomhttpwwwsamputensilicomWith this recent addiJion to our machine

tool line we are able to offer you completesolutions for your gear cutting needs fromroughing to finishing

Contact us todayto find out what we can do for you

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I

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David Tornalis



















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seIp Time i




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1


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Rjcham RIKuhr









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uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

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Star Cuffer Co



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1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









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LITERATURE


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QScer1tfied










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I

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David Tornalis



















MACHINE Up To

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Or cani-800-BAR MILL(1-800-227-6455)
































into obscurity






















was



























Aero Gear line







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your business



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middotRllelbis~








1


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designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

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wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

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105








MORE EXPANSION

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LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


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Ii jI III

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(1)JwWw---Jwm






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ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













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e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










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Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied














MACHINE Up To

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Or cani-800-BAR MILL(1-800-227-6455)
































into obscurity






















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Aero Gear line







1509002CERTIFIED

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ting tools division








suppliers












at lower prices





your business



REVOLUTIONS































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REVOLUTIDNS II _












































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LSL USL

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Gear Center Line


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Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied






























into obscurity






















was



























Aero Gear line







1509002CERTIFIED

lS90001










ting tools division








suppliers












at lower prices





your business



REVOLUTIONS































REVOLUTiIONS



































REVOLUTIDNS II _












































I




LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied




Aero Gear line







1509002CERTIFIED

lS90001










ting tools division








suppliers












at lower prices





your business



REVOLUTIONS































REVOLUTiIONS



































REVOLUTIDNS II _












































I




LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



REVOLUTIONS































REVOLUTiIONS



































REVOLUTIDNS II _












































I




LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



REVOLUTiIONS



































REVOLUTIDNS II _












































I




LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



REVOLUTIDNS II _












































I




LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied


























I




LSL USL

Tolerance -

l 6 Sigma























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied
























nities














































































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied





























































Gear Center Line


Zone

Hob Length


Hob Wear


Hob Wearj -----



Gear Cen1er Line
































$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied






















$0200

$0150

$0 1100

$0050

$0000








seIp Time i




Annual$60000r----------=~~-----$40000+------------------

$30000+-----------------520000 +-----------------$10000~~-----------------$0 IL-- _





j-- 6middot Sigma

Tolerance



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



















































middotRllelbis~








1


CONTACTICRAm D ROSS

1586)1 154-189-23FAX (581n Ti4-8926





Toll free t8(0) 755-0516fax 151i3)752-5599











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied











designed










Optimization








Rjcham RIKuhr









210

000 L- ----l

200 210

700



100 l------ -------------------1230 2AO











uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied












uo000 ~--------------------------------------------------~2110 210

bullbull

UCI

3100

200

UCI

210







possible co t










8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied




8 ------------------------------

5




210

o L- ~

200 260230 2AO


250






















270










11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied











11------------

DI~-------------

















ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied








ProlE Software








San deep Slinga11














1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied








1509001 Registered











not = 46pangle = 20

m3

x 055od e 1467rd 1338



zO


















GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied








GEARBurnishing










1205381l1AWfllt8W





Tel (604) 5113-9552



AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied




AGMA Olass 13



Website wwwearnet


































wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied















wwwfaessller-agch





















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied






















SM



Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied





Worm Wheel Bronze














400RmRrtJ2

t300

200


pound010 J

1115

110

105








MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied




MORE EXPANSION

MORE VERSATILITY

LONGER LIFE

AND LESS COST















3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied










3000

JIUIlijl mmlmm

10

100

311

I wM

f 1-1----+----+-1- ---+--I

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Nm 2COOT II





54


io 006 0-18D2


Cony Cont CUMg


2SO


51






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied






Ii jI III

I~ ~ I












(1)JwWw---Jwm






GREGAllENCOMPANY

440331003821135 Lorain Road

























(E) -1071 (2)Wkol 23047middot 165~1]



























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied




























SLMunson~ Company










































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied











































_-------------PRODUCTNEWS-------------



















ISO 9002 CERTIFIED













I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied















I

















II








(aDO) 642-6713I









Star Cutter Co 2 (248) 474-8200

I



SU America Inc





- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



- -

CLASSIFIEDS---

WEB SITES







wwwgieasoncom

===~ -

e~~EE===-=-=t-====-~7~










wwwgleasoncom





SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



SERVICE




Phone (080) 8410239 Fax (080) 8410185(080) 5282387



















1








Star Cuffer Co



Phone (9891345-2865 bull FAX (989)345-56601








1 IOP 16 face





ronhmwgearcom


ESTABLlSHED 1960








HOB SHARPENING









SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



SERVICE




Quid Tumsround









tlELP WANTED



desirable



LITERATURE


I

I

Fores1 City IGear

I



GUIDE lISTINGS

OFGEAR TECHNOLOGY

MAGAZINEPAT FLAM


GEAR TECHNOLOGV

CALLJEAN BARTZ

AT847-437-6604


ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied



ADDENDUM _











































QScer1tfied








QScer1tfied



may/june 2002 gear technology · the shop floor. on the fly' to the pr[mar universal gear...

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