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McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
10-1chapter
McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
• Race, Ethnicity, & “Minority”• Prejudice, Discrimination, & Racism
• Government / Social Policy• Current Controversies
1RACE AND ETHNICITY
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10-2Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
Source: Author’s estimate; Bureau of the Census 1975, 2000c; Grieco and Cassidy 2001; Thornton 1987.
Continued…
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10-3Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
Source: Author’s estimate; Bureau of the Census 1975, 2000c; Grieco and Cassidy 2001; Thornton 1987.
Continued…
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10-4Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
What is causing White non-Hispanic to soon be the minority population?
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10-5Race and Ethnicity: Immigration Trends
█ Figure 10.6: Immigration in the United States, 1820s-1990s
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10-6Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
– Racial Group: group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences
– Ethnic Group: group that is set apart from others primarily because of where they come from or unique cultural patterns (religion, etc.)
█Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups
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10-7Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
– Biological Significance of Race
• There are no “pure races”
• Migration, exploration, and invasion led to intermingling of races
█Race
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10-8Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ The trouble with race
“African – Americans”
- of Southern slave decent?- “house” or “field” slave?
- of Northern freed slave decent?- of Caribbean decent?- of African immigrant decent?
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10-9Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
• People define a group as a race in part on physical characteristics and in part on historical, cultural, and economic factors
• Most issues related to race and ethnicity are based on the social interaction between and among them.
█Race– Social Significance of Race
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10-10Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Stereotypes & Generalizations
What’s the difference?
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10-11Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Stereotypes & Generalizations
• Stereotype – a view that may no longer be based in fact but still continues.
• Irish – “lazy drunks”
• Generalization – a view that is based in fact and not meant to harm or put down.
• Greeks – “own diners”
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10-12Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Stereotypes & Generalizations
How do they form?
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10-13Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Stereotypes & Generalizations
– Culturally developed skills
– Chinese – merchants, education
– Jewish – textile, money, educ.
– “Middle-Men Minorities”
– Germans – military, farming, piano making
– Irish – political leadership
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10-14Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Germans and the Amer. military
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10-15Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Stereotypes & Generalizations
Discounting something as “only” a stereotype does a disservice to the group
and society.
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10-16Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
█ Stereotypes & Generalizations
Asian success in school is not “only” or “just” a
stereotype!
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10-17Prejudice and Discrimination
– Ethnocentrism: Tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to all others
– Prejudice: Negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority
– Racism: form of prejudice; Belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior
█Attitudes & Beliefs
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10-18Prejudice and Discrimination
– Discrimination: denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias.• Discrimination persists even for educated
and qualified minority members• “The Glass Ceiling”
█ Behaviors / Actions
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10-19“The Glass Ceiling”
CEO / Pres. / Boards
______________________
Regional Managers
Managers
General Employee
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10-20Prejudice and Discrimination
–not the people, it’s the system)
█Institutional Discrimination
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10-21Prejudice and Discrimination
– Examples:• Requiring English only to be spoken at
work.• Preferential admissions policies by colleges• Restrictive employment-leave policies
█Institutional Discrimination
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10-22Studying Race and Ethnicity
█“Contact Hypothesis”
– Interracial contact between people will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes
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10-23Racism
█ Did racism lead to slavery or did slavery lead to racism?
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10-24Government Action
█ US Constitution– Slavery– 3/5 Rule
█ Civil War█ 14th Amendment – citizenship / “equal protection”
█ 15th Amendment – voting rights█ 1876 Jim Crow Laws█ 1896 Plessy v Ferguson
– “Separate but equal”
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10-25Government Action
█ 1954 – Brown v Board of Ed.– “Desegregated” schools– “Separate schools inherently unequal”
█ “Char-Meck” Case – Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg County– “Integrated” schools - Forced busing
█ Bakke Case v Univ. of Calif. Med School
– “Set-aside program” - Affirmative Action
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10-26Government Action
█Institutional DiscriminationAffirmative Action: Positive efforts to
recruit minority members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.
A remedy or a contradiction?
What do you think?
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10-27Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups
– Properties of minority groups include: • Unequal treatment• Distinguishing cultural
characteristics• Involuntary
membership• Solidarity• In-group marriage
█ Minority Groups
Groups whose members have significantly less control or power than members of the dominant or majority group
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10-28Minority, Racial, and Ethnic
Groups█ Minority Groups v Minority Status
-Minority Group – determined by population numbers relative to other groups in society
-Minority Status – a group that may or may not be the majority of people in a population but who do not share the same power, advantages, and/or privileges as others.
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10-29Patterns of Intergroup
Relations
– Process by which a person forsakes (decreases/eliminates parts of) his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture
– Geno’s Steaks controversy• What do you think?
█Assimilation
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10-30Patterns of Intergroup
Relations
Process by which a group identifies aspects of their culture that are holding them back and replaces them with others that will lead to more positive outcomes.• Irish-Catholics• Jewish Americans
█Acculturation
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10-31Government Policy
█ Racial Profiling: any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person’s behavior– Trayvon Martin Case?
█ Hate Crime Laws: an act motivated by prejudice or bias. To be a hate crime, the act must be criminal - not a mere expression of an intolerant opinion.
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10-32Race and Economics
The “costs” of discrimination
Examples:
█ Jackie Robinson█ Montgomery Bus Boycott█ Sit-Ins & Department Stores