SEPTEMBER 8, 1944 SCiENCE-ADVERTiSEMENTS 9

GENERAL CHEMISTRYBy JOHN ARREND TIMm, Professor of Chemistry and Director of School of Science, SimmonsCollege. International Chemical Series. 691 pages, 54 x 84, 188 illustrations. $3.75

Written in a vigorous, almost conversational style and firmly based on sound scientific andpedagogical principles, General Chemistry is a textbook of outstanding importance. It isdesigned to meet the needs of those students who plan to use chemistry in their professionaleducation, and is suitable also for use by those who have had no previous course in chemistryand by those who have completed an elementary course in a secondary school. More spacethan usual is devoted to a careful discussion of the fundamental theory. Repetition of impor-tant principles occurs frequently and in each case the treatment is unusually quantitative andcomplete. Theory is covered from a sound, modern approach. The Lowry-Bronsted acid-base definitions are used consistently. Recent industrial developments are included.

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. The Geologic History of North AmericaBy RUSSELL C. HUSSEY, Associate Professor of Geology, University of Michigan. 479 pages,54 x 84, 344 illustrations. $3.50

This is a lucid and well organized introductory text that presents the geologic history of NorthAmerica and its inhabitants throughout two billion years. Fundamental principles are con-sidered first, and technical terms have been reduced to a minimum. A special attempt hasbeen made to present broad panoramas of important events in the history of North Americarather than a mass of details. A feature of the book is the large number of illustrations ofexceptional quality and interest.

GENERAL ZOOLOGYBy TRAcY I. STORER, Professor of Zoology, University of California at Davis. McGraw-HillPublications in the Zoological Sciences. 798 pages, 51 x 84, 551 figures, 5 colored plates.$3.75

In the past 18 months this immediately successful text has been adopted by 95 colleges anduniversities and has won widespread recognition as an admirably organized and unusuallyteachable treatment of the subject. In addition to its remarkable clarity and accuracy, thetext offers a wealth of distinctive illustrations.

LABORATORY MANUAL for GENERAL ZOOLOGYBy TRAcY I. STORER. McGraw-Hill Publications in the Zoological Sciences. 131 pages,54 x 84, $1.25

Designed to accompany Storer's General Zoology, this forthcoming manual for the beginningcourse in zoology contains a great variety of exercises, resulting in unusual flexibility in out-lining a laboratory program.

SUGGESTIONS for LABORATORY INSTRUCTORSBy TRACY I. STORER. (Furnished gratis to users of the Laboratory Manual)

Offers suggestions regarding laboratory demonstrations and procedures, to aid the instructorin conducting his classes.

McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC.330 West 42nd Street, New York 18, N. Y.

SEPTEMBER 8, 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 9

Aldwych House, London, W.C.2.

SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT VOL. 100, No. 2593

SCIENCE NEWSScience Service, Washington, D. C.

THE JET PROPULSION OF AIRPLANESAIRCRAFT design is progressing at a portentious rate.

Within recent years the speed, operational ceiling, rateof climb and load-carrying capacity of planes have allbeen improved. The demand for greater power in a singleunit, with reduced dimensions and lighter weight, hasbrought forth the jet propulsion engine.

Opinion among airplane designers is divided on the sub-ject of jet propulsion. On one side are those who believethat the jet engine will soon be exclusively powering high-performance, short-range airplanes, and that as the engineis further developed, jet propulsion will encroach on thelonger-range aircraft. On the other side are those whoagree that while the jet-propelled plane has a place inthe flight spectrum it will be limited to military uses,

and it will be some years before the public will be able toaccept it as a practicable means of transportation.The jet engine is simple in construction, and is made

up of only a few moving parts, while the gasoline engineis made up of thousands of parts. The jet engine weighsmuch less than the conventional motor, thus reducingthe total weight of the plane and making it more maneu-

verable, a vital factor in military flying.The jet plane flies smoothly, with none of the vibration

of the conventional engine and propeller so objectionableto some passengers in the present commercial airplanes.This argument is of no great concern to the proponentsof gasoline engines since they point out that anotherpower unit-the gas turbine-can be used to supply power

to the propeller, with a minimum of vibration.The serious disadvantage of the jet engine is its high

fuel consumption at low speeds. Over a 400-mile flightcourse and flying at 100 miles an hour, the jet engine con-

sumes 70 gallons of fuel, while the gasoline engine uses only16 gallons. But if speeds of 500 miles an hour or more are

reached, the jet becomes more economical. At 600 milesan hour, over the same course, the jet engine will use up

770 gallons of fuel, while the gasoline engine will consume

850 gallons.However, the jet engine becomes more powerful for- its

weight and size at higher speeds. In a tug-of-war at 600miles an hour, one jet engine can pull as much as fivepropeller-type engines of equal weight.

Those who favor the gasoline engine point out that thedemand for travel at speeds above 550 miles an hourwould have to be considerable to make commercial trans-portation in jet planes feasible.

It is entirely possible that if speeds below and justabove that at which the jet engine becomes superior tothe gasoline engine become desirable for commercialtransportation in the postwar era, a cross between a jetplane and a propeller plane may be developed. Thisplane would use a gas turbine to drive the propeller, anduse the exhaust gases to produce a form of jet thrust.-ROBERT N. FARR.

ITEMS

A NEW liquid foam fire extinguisher for combatingfires at sea has a special nozzle attachment where the foam-ing charge of soy-bean meal or other protein base ismixed with a foaming agent and water by action that isbasically mechanical rather than chemical, to produce a

fire-smothering blanket. The new foam extinguisher, per-

fected by the Bureau of Ships of the Navy Department,is more fluid and therefore flows around and over objectsbetter. It will retain its consistency for more than twohours. It eliminates danger to property and fire-fighteralike by reducing the hazard of re-ignition and flashback,which occurs when flames retrace their path.

A NEW uniform identification system for steel sheet,bar, wire and rod, that will simplify stockroom problemsmay be adopted to replace the color code plan now in use.

The proposed system consists of a printed legend statingthe Army-Navy specification number and condition, nomi-nal thickness, manufacturer 's trademark or name, andpossibly commercial designation. It is based on ideascontributed jointly by the Army, Navy, aircraft and steelindustries. Lack of a standardized system of source

marking and the inadequacy of methods used by indi-vidual aircraft manufacturers have caused the diversionof thousands of man-hours and has made necessary ex-

tensive tests and chemical analyses to determine the truenature of steel scrap before returning it to the mill.Final approval of the newly-evolved source-marking sys-

tem is expected at the special Army-Navy-Industry Con-ference to be held in New York City on September 19.

PASSENGER car owners may have nearly 700 gallons ofgas apiece to drive after the war in Europe, if estimatesmade by C. L. Burrill, petroleum economist of theStandard Oil Company of New Jersey, as reported toPetroleum Technology, are correct. In any event, gaso-

line will be plentiful in the immediate postwar periodas military consumption declines. Gasoline consumptionwill be heavy because cars will be older, and probablyuse more gasoline per mile of travel. Also contributingto the heavy consumption of gasoline will be the largeamount of automotive travel by families returning totheir homes from war production centers. In addition tothe crude oil produced in the United States, the totalsupply of petroleum products available to meet postwarrequirements includes a substantial amount of naturalgasoline as well as imports of fuel oil and heavy crudeoil. It is generally believed, Mr. Burrill states, that one

important effect of the substantial construction of cata-lytic cracking plants during the war will be to increasethe yields of light products at the expense of the yieldof residual fuel oil, thereby making it possible to pro-duce the light product requirements with less crude oil

than would be necessary with the older thermal crackingprocess.

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SEPTEMBER 8, 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

.,. C,'_-RECENT BOOKS in11

BASIC MATHEMATICSFOR ENGINEERS

By PAUL G. ANDRES, Associate Professor ofElectrical Engineering, Illinois Institute ofTechnology; HUGH J. MISER, Lecturer in Mathe-matics, Lawrence College; HAIM REINGOLD, As-

sistant Professor of Mathematics, Illinois Insti-tute of Technology.

Basic algebra, analytic geometry, and trigonometry,for students of science and engineering. Two in-troductory chapters on differential and integralcalculus are included; for refresher purposes, basicgeometric principles and formulas are given in anappendix. Constant use is made of the slide rule,and of graphical methods and representations.April 1944.

726 pages; 5j by 81; $4.00

MATHEMATICS FOREXTERIOR BALLISTICS

By GILBERT AmES BLISS, Professor Emeritus ofMathematics, University of Chicago.

For mathematicians and students of mathematicswho have had some experience with the theory ofdifferential equations. The book describes thesources of data upon which the fire control officerbases his use of mathematical tables in the field;the setting up-of differential equations of a tra-jectory, and methods used to integrate them.April 1944.

128 pages; 5j by 7j; $2.00

STATISTICAL ADJUSTMENTOF DATA

By W. EDWARDS DEMING, Head MathematicianBureau of the Census.

A lucid, systematic account of the method of leastsquares. The solution of all types of problems isreduced to a single standard, and modern develop-ments in the theory and in methods of computationare fully represented. November 1943.

261 pages; 51 by 8; $3.50

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSBy H. W. REDDICK, Adjunct Professor of Mathe-matics, New York University.

Covers the methods of solving ordinary differentialequations, and problems in applied mathematicsinvolving them. Contains many illustrative ex-amples, and more than six hundred problems withanswers. February 1943.

245 pages; 51 by 81; $2.50

INTERMEDIATE DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS

By EARL D. RAINVILLE, Assistant Professor ofMathematics, University of Michigan.

Bridges the gap between elementary and advanceddifferential equations. Emphasis is placed uponthe development of technique in solving problemsin differential equations. Engineering applicationsare given. An important book for mathematicians,chemists, physicists, engineers. November 1943.

213 pages; 51 by 8j; $2.75

GEOMETRY WITH MILITARY ANDNAVAL APPLICATIONS

By WILLIS F. KERN, Associate Professor ofMathematics, and JAMES R. BLAND, AssistantProfessor of Mathematics; both at UnitedStates Naval Academy.

Covers the fundamental, practical essentials ofsolid geometry and applies the principles andformulas to many problems dealing with navaland military situations. Simple proofs of thevolume and surface formulas are given. Conven-tional treatment is simplified by basing the proofsof each volume formula on Cavalieri 's theorem.November 1943.

152 pages; 51 by 8k; $1.75

GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONSBy CHARLES 0. MACKEY, Professor of HeatPower Engineering, Cornell University.

Presents the fundamentals necessary in solvingproblems graphically and mechanically. Instruc-tion is given in how to construct alignment charts

-to solve equations of special form that contain sixvariables; how to fit empirical equations to peri-odic data. March 1944.

Second edition; 152 pages; 51 by 81; $2.50

ANALYTIC GEOMETRYBy E. S. SMITH, Professor of Mathematics;MEYER SALKOVER, Associate Professor of Mathe-matics; and H. K. JUSTICE, Professor of Mathe-matics; all of University of Cincinnati.

Designed to give accurate and fully illustrated ex-planations of the topics commonly taught in ana-lytic geometry, and at the same time to fit thereader for further studies in mathematics, scienceor engineering. By the authors of the highly suc-cessful "Calculus." February 1943.

298 pages; 6 by 9; $2.50

JOHN ~WILEY & SONS, Inc., 440-4th Ave.,- New York 16, N. Y._

11

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 2593

I-

B&L Contour Projector magnifiestiny gear with accuracy to .0001"

B&L Multiplex Projector plots topo-graphic maps from aerial photos

B&L Range finders enable U. S. Navy Precision aerial camera photographsgunners to bit a ship 17 miles away enemy territory with B&L lenses

I

Perimeter, one of many B&L vision B-29 fliers, too, wear B&L Ray-Bantesting instruments in military use anti-glare glasses on Tokyo air raids

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Here Are the Eyes of VictoryAllied might is rolling up a smashingrecord of individual victories that pointto evermore-imminent total victory.The way in which American indus-

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Optical science has made and is making its contributionto this production record. In fire-control-in aerial recon-naissance-in improving the vision of fighting men andproduction workers-in inspection instruments that makepossible the precision our weapons demand -opticalscience provides the "Eyes of Victory."

Because Bausch & Lomb was prepared with manufactur-

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will continue to center its efforts on military needs. Afterthat, Bausch & Lomb knowledge and capacity will againbe devoted to making life better through optical science,,optical instruments and optical methods.

BAUSCH & LOMBOPTICAL CO., ROCHESTER, N.Y.

EST. 1853

Makers of Optical Glass and a Complete Line of Optical Instrumentsfor Military Use, Education, Research, Industry and Eyesight Correction and Consersationm

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SETME 8,14 GE C-D E TS M NS1

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Kodak Plates forELECTRON MICROSCOPYThe Kodak plate best suited to electron microscopy, and the*one most generally used for this purpose, is the Kodak MediumLantern Slide Plate. It has high contrast and fine granularity.For higher contrast and finer granularity, the Eastman Spec-

troscopic.Plate, Type IV-0, has proved quite suitable. For ex-tremely fine granularity and very high resolving power, theEastman Spectroscopic Plate, Type 548-0, is recommended.You are invited to write for further information on any prob-

lem that may arise in connection with the photographic phasesof electron microscopy.

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS14 VOL.. 100, No. 2593

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