mcu8051ide.en

MCU 8051 IDE handbook draft

Martin Omera

December 28, 2012

2I would like to thank to the following people for their support during the

project development:

Andre Cunha (Brazil) for review of this document. Yuanhui Zhang (China) for bug reports and help with debugging. Kara Blackowiak (USA) for certain code reviews. Marek Noka (Moravia, CZ, EU) for help with debugging. Kostya V. Ivanov (Russia) for bug xes in the simulator engine. Shakthi Kannan (India) for adding this software to the FEL projectand for a few patches.

Trevor Spiteri for help with debugging (patches) the HD44780 sim-ulator.

Miroslav Hradlek (EU) for bug reports and suggestions Fabricio Alcalde (Argentina) for suggestions and bug reports. Francisco Albani (Argentina) for suggestions and a few bug reports.

3Contents

Preface 5

Goals of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1 Brief introduction 9

1.1 Main components of MCU 8051 IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2 What is MCS-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.3 What is the Assembly language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2 Quick start 13

2.1 Demonstration project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.2 Your rst project in MCU 8051 IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3 Detailed introduction to GUI 15

3.1 Source code editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.1.1 Syntax highlight and validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.1.2 Spell checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.1.3 Auto-completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.1.4 Editor command line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.2 Bottom panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.2.1 Main panel of the MCU simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.2.2 C variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.2.3 Graph showing voltage levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.2.4 Messages panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.2.5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2.6 Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2.7 Find in les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.2.8 Terminal emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.3 Left panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.3.1 List of opened les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4 CONTENTS

3.3.2 List of project les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.3.3 SFR watches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.3.4 File system browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.4 Right panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.4.1 List of bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.4.2 List of breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.4.3 Instruction details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.4.4 Data register watches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.4.5 Subprograms call monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.4.6 List of symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.4.7 HW plug-ins manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.5 Other tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.5.1 SFR map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.5.2 Map of bit addressable area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.5.3 Stack monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.5.4 Symbol viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.5.5 ASCII chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.5.6 8051 Instruction Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.5.7 8-segment editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.5.8 Stopwatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.5.9 Scribble notepad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.5.10 Base converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.5.11 RS-232 debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.5.12 Hexadecimal editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.5.13 Hibernation of simulated program . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.5.14 Interrupt monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.5.15 Conversions between *.hex, *.bin and *.adf les . . . . 31

3.5.16 Normalization of source code indentation . . . . . . . . 31

3.5.17 Change letter case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.5.18 User dened commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.5.19 Clean-up project folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.5.20 File statistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.6 Conguration dialogues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4 Build-in macro-assembler 37

4.1 Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.3 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.4 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.5 The instruction set processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.6 Assembler directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

CONTENTS 5

4.7 Assembler Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.8 Predened Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.9 Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.10 Conditional Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.11 Macro Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.12 Reserved keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4.13 Compatibility with ASEM-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.14 List File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.15 Specication of Intel

R8 HEX Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5 Disassembler 61

6 MCU simulator 63

6.1 Short introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

6.2 Modes of simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

6.3 Waring conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

6.4 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

6.5 Virtual hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.5.1 DS1620 temperature sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.5.2 File interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.5.3 LED Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.5.4 Single LED Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.5.5 Multiplexed LED Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.5.6 LED Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.5.7 Matrix Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.5.8 Simple Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.5.9 LCD display controlled by HD44780 . . . . . . . . . . 68

7 Writing hardware tool control plug-ins 69

7.1 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7.2 How to write your own plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

7.3 Using MCU 8051 IDE API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.4 A basic example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

7.5 Random remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8 Command Line Interface 75

9 Translating the IDE into dierent languages 77

A License 79

6 CONTENTS

B Regression testing 81

B.1 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

B.2 More about the implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

C Project web page and other media 83

C.1 Ocial project web page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

C.2 Other media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

C.3 GIT repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

D 8051 Instructions in numerical Order 85

E 8051 Instructions in alphabetical order 91

F List of supported micro-controllers 97

F.0.1 Intel

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97F.0.2 Atmel

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

G Change log 99

7Preface

Goals of the project

MCU 8051 IDE is an integrated development environment for microcon-

trollers based on MCS-51 intended for Assembly language and C language.

This IDE is currently available on GNU/Linux and Microsoft

R Windows R(since version 1.3.6). This program was originally intended for education

purposes, but now the area of potential usage is surely signicantly wider.

This program was created to ll a gap in the open source software of this

kind. User interface, source codes, documentation, web pages, etc., are writ-

ten in English in order to make this software available to as many user as

possible, but there is support for internationalization using i18n since ver-

sion 1.3.10. This documentation is written in L

A

T

E

X. It is very important

to note that this software was not developed for any company, person or

something similar and it is completely noncommercial, open source software

distributed under GNU GPLv2 license intended for a group of people with

common interest, in this case 8051.

MCU 8051 IDE should oer:

A transparent view on a simulated program for 8051;

Easy source code editing even for an user with small knowledge of the

assembly language;

User friendly advanced IDE for MCS-51.

List of the most important parts of MCU 8051 IDE:

+ Source code editor;

+ Optimization capable macro-assembler;

+ Advanced MCU simulator;

+ Hexadecimal editor;

8 CONTENTS

+ Interface for hardware tool control plug-ins;

+ Scientic calculator and special calculator optimized for 8051.

Requirements

Hardware requirements are not dened. This program should run without

problems on all POSIX systems (like GNU/Linux, etc.), where all of the

software dependencies were satised. The IDE is ocially distributed as a

source code package (primary programming language is TCL), RPM package

(currently available in ocial RHEL repositories), DEB package (currently

available in ocial Debian repositories) and ebuild for Gentoo Linux (cur-

rently NOT available in the portage tree).

Package Min. version Download location

Required packages: (The IDE will not run without these packages)

tcl 8.5 http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/downloadnow85.html

tk 8.5 http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/downloadnow85.html

bwidget 1.8 http://sourceforge.net/projects/tcllib

itcl 3.4 http://sourceforge.net/projects/incrtcl

tdom 0.8 http://www.tdom.org

tkimg 1.3 http://sourceforge.net/projects/tkimg

tcllib 1.6 http://sourceforge.net/projects/tcllib

Optional packages: (Functionality might be unnecessarily limited without these packages)

Tclx 8.4 http://tclx.sourceforge.net

(Signal handling (signals like SIGINT)

cmake 2.6 http://www.cmake.org/HTML/Download.html

(If you prefer this way of installation: ./configure && make && make install)

rxvt-unicode 8.3 http://software.schmorp.de

(If you want terminal emulator)

asem-51 1.3 http://plit.de/asem-51/download.htm

(If you want to use a really good assembler :) )

sdcc 2.9 http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/

(If you want to used C language compiler)

doxygen 1.3 www.doxygen.org/

(If you want to use doxygen directly from the IDE)

indent 1.2 http://www.gnu.org/software/indent/

(If you want to use auto-indent function for C language)

hunspell 1.2 http://hunspell.sourceforge.net

(If you want to have spell checker function available)

bash 4.0 http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html


gawk 3.1 http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/


Table 1: Software requirements

CONTENTS 9

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for any individual, regardless of his or her experience

with assembler, C language, MCU 8051 IDE or Linux, but it is assumed here

that the reader is familiar with basic concepts of assembly language program-

ming and with 8051 processor architecture. Advanced users are not likely to

read this manual, but all suggestions on documentation will be considered.

If you would like to contribute to this project or the documentation, please

consult the project web page.

Thanks for your cooperation which helps to make this software better.

10 CONTENTS

11

Chapter 1

Brief introduction

This chapter will provide you with a brief introduction about the main com-

ponents that are part of MCU 8051 IDE. The purpose of this chapter is to

contextualize you on the sofware, informing about the parts that composes

it. The next chapter will cover rapidly the Graphical User Interface, which

will be described in further details on chapter.

1.1 Main components of MCU 8051 IDE

Editor The code editor is featured with syntax highlighting and validation,

auto-completion and spell checking for comments

1

, as well as a command

line that speeds up the access to various editor options. It also provides

a panel showing line numbers, bookmarks, breakpoints and warnings from

syntax validator. Editor is capable to export the source code within it as

XHTML and L

A

T

E

X and contains a number of useful tools like automatic

indentation, searching and replacement of expressions, copy to clipboard,

paste from clipboard, among others.

Assembler The assembler is one of the integral parts of MCU 8051 IDE. It

is a macro assembler with support for dozens of directives and capable of per-

forming peephole optimizations. Support for peephole optimizations means

that the assembler can attempt to optimize the resulting code for higher exe-

cution speed and lower size without tempering with its very functionality. It

is important to note that automatic peephole optimization can sometimes be

harmful and so it is disabled by default. A macro assembler is a software that

allows the user to dene a macro instruction, which consists of a sequence

1

Spell checking for comments is available only if you have installed the Hunspell pro-

gram. This feature is currently not available on MS

RWindows ROS.

12 CHAPTER 1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION

of basic instructions, and use it later instead of repeatedly copying and past-

ing the set of instructions over and over along the source code. Assembler

behavior can be congured either globally, using the proper conguration di-

alog, or locally in source code, by means of assembler directives and control

sequences (e.g. $TITLE('Some title to show in the code listing')).

The assembler is capable of generating four kinds of output code:

+ Object code (machine code) as an hexadecimal le, with .hex extension

and in Intel

R 8 HEX format;+ Object code (machine code) as a binary le, with .bin extension and

in format of raw binary data;

+ Code listing, in .lst extension;

+ Code for integrated MCU simulator, in .adf extension.

Simulator The simulator is a software component intended for the simu-

lation of the chosen microcontroller in a virtual environment. It allows user

to monitor precisely what is happening in the MCU in an exact moment in

time, as well as to modify its components, for instance by altering the value

of a register, canceling an interrupt or forcing a subprogram to return. In

that way it might be possible to ferret out certain aws in the program be-

ing debugged, which would be hard or nearly impossible to nd and/or x

in other ways. Even though it is better to have ICD (In-Circuit Debugger)

or ICE (In-Circuit Emulator) at hand, MCU 8051 IDE in current version

does not support neither of them MCU simulator implemented in this IDE

supports dozens of microcontrollers and most of them are treated in slightly

dierent way allowing to take into account most of the nuances between the

supported MCUs. User can adjust simulator behavior to t his or her needs

by modifying clock frequency, size of connected external code, data memory

and others, or for instance by disabling or enabling certain warnings, which

pops up when the simulated program do something strange, like some kind

of invalid access into memory or stack overow or underow. Besides that,

it is possible for the user to modify all registers which the MCU deals with,

including those which are not accessible by the running program, like the

Program Counter. User have always an overview of all possible, pending and

active interrupts and can temper with them at any time. The simulator also

allows for altering code memory and all kinds of data memories. The pro-

gram being simulated can be at any time "hibernated" into a le, preferably

with .m5ihib extension, and resumed later from this same le. Such a le

contains the entire state of the simulator at the point in which the program

was hibernated.

1.1. MAIN COMPONENTS OF MCU 8051 IDE 13

Project management It is a functionality that allows the IDE to remem-

ber certain set of source code les along with a set of conguration param-

eters. Projects are stored in XML (eXtensible Markup Language) les with

extension .mcu8051ide. These les are human readable and their precise

formatting is described in their inline DTD (Document Type Declaration).

Their encoding is UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation) and as EOL (End Of

Line) character they use LF (Line Feed). The reason for that is to make it

possible for the user to implement his or her own tools for manipulating with

them.

Scientic calculator MCU 8051 IDE scientic calculator is implemented

as a simple scientic calculator capable of computation in four number sys-

tems: hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary, and with three angle units:

radians, degrees and grad. Integral part of the calculator is also a simple tool

intended solely for computing preset values for MCU timers.

Special calculator The experience in MCU programming shows that it

is very useful to have some tools at hand, capable of performing recurrent

boring calculations that spend time to be done by hand. MCU 8051 IDE

special calculator is intended for performing certain simple specialized calcu-

lations related to 8051. For instance, this calculator is capable of generating

assembly language code implementing a wait loop with specied parameters.

Hexadecimal editor This utility is used here for watching and modifying

large blocks of raw data in various memory types of the simulated MCU

(Code, IDATA, XDATA, EEPROM, etc.). There is also hexadecimal editor

intended for editing Intel

R HEX 8 les. Other hexadecimal editors arespecially designed to t specic needs of the given purpose; for example,

there is an hexadecimal editor for viewing and editing code memory, which

displays the current position of the program counter in the machine code of

the simulated program.

Disassembler This tool can translate once assembled code back to source

code. It is important to note that it is somewhat improbable that the result-

ing source code will look "reasonable" It is due to DB and DW and not xed

instruction word length on 8051. Nevertheless, such a generated source code

must posses exactly the same functionality when it gets assembled again.

Disassembler implemented in this IDE is frankly speaking only a little more

that just a toy. If you want a really capable disassembler, maybe you should

try some tool like D52 http://www.8052.com/users/disasm/.

14 CHAPTER 1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Notepad In this IDE, it is a simple rich text editor for writing user notes

of whatever kind. Originally, it was intended for writing a list of things which

remain to be done in your project.

Command Line Interface (CLI) It is an useful tool that allows the

use of some IDE functions without entering it's GUI. You can get list of

available options by typing mcu8051ide -h or mcu8051ide help to your

terminal emulator. You can, for example, use just the assembler of the IDE

or convert an Intel

R HEX 8 le to a raw binary le.

1.2 What is MCS-51

Figure 1.1: i8051 micro-

architecture

The Intel MCS-51 is a Harvard architecture, single

chip microcontroller series which was developed by

Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. Today

there is a vast range of enhanced 8051-compatible

devices manufactured by a number of independent

manufacturers. They have 8-bit ALU, accumulator

and 8-bit Registers (hence they are an 8-bit mi-

crocontrollers), they have 16-bit address bus, 8-bit

data bus, boolean processing engine which allows

bit-level boolean logic operations to be carried out

directly and eciently on select internal registers

and select RAM locations, etc.

1.3 What is the Assembly lan-

guage

An assembly language is a low-level programming language for computers,

microprocessors, microcontrollers and other integrated circuits. It imple-

ments a symbolic representation of the binary machine codes and other con-

stants needed to program a given CPU architecture. Processors based on

MSC-51 have compatible instruction set, similar registers and many other

things are generally very similar among them.

Here is an example of how a piece of 8051 assembly code looks like:

Code 1 An example piece of code written in 8051 assembly language

main:

if test=2

mov R0, #25h

; Configure EEPROM

orl EECON, #38h

inc R0

endif

X0MI:

anl EECON, #(0FFh - 020h)

movx @R0, A

15

Chapter 2

Quick start

2.1 Demonstration project

The aim of the demonstration project is to provide an easy way to explore

the IDE without reading long and boring documents like this one. :) The

demonstration project can be opened from the welcome dialog ( Main Menu

Help Welcome dialog Open demonstration project. )Demonstration project should introduce new user into usage of the most

common functions of the IDE like assembling the code, running simulator

and so on. Demonstration project cannot be modied by the user in order

to make it less volatile.

Figure 2.1: MCU 8051 IDE with the demonstration project opened within it

16 CHAPTER 2. QUICK START

2.2 Your rst project in MCU 8051 IDE

Figure 2.2: Project creation dialog

At rst let me explain what the MCU 8051 IDE's

project really is. It is a set of some les in

some directory, let's call this directory the

project directory. And this along with the

le with extension .mcu8051ide forms the

project. The le with .mcu8051ide exten-

sion denes what source code les belongs

to the project and contains additional infor-

mation about the project, like who is the

project author or for what exact MCU is

the project intended.

To create you project in you have to

specify the project directory and the MCU

type for which you will develop your code.

This is done in project creation dialog. This

dialog can be accessed from main menu Main Menu Project New. After this step you can specify some additional information about the

project in project editing dialog.

Once you have created a new project you can begin to develop you code

from your chosen processor. When you want to save your code press Ctrl+S,

Ctrl+N creates a new le and an existing le can be opened by Ctrl+O. Each

opened le can be added or removed to/from your current project. Ctrl+B

creates or deletes bookmark and Ctrl+Shift+B creates or deletes breakpoint.

Project les, the les which are parts of the project, are opened each time

you open the project. You can have more than one project opened at the

time.

Simulator can be started and shut down by pressing F2 key and assembler

or compiler is run when F11 is pressed. Output from assembler or compiler is

displayed on the bottom panel in tab Messages. And main MCU simulator

panel is also available on the bottom panel in tab Simulator.

On the left side you can nd list of currently opened source code les

and list of project les. And on the right side probably most useful tool

at the beginning might be Instruction details, this tool displays help for

instruction in the code editor on line with cursor. In the right panel you can

nd for example also list of bookmarks and breakpoints.

17

Chapter 3

Detailed introduction to GUI

3.1 Source code editor

3.1.1 Syntax highlight and validation

Figure 3.1: Syn-

tax validation congu-

ration button

The editor is equipped with an implementation of a syn-

tax highlighting algorithm based on simplied syntax

analysis. And that enables a limited on-line syntax val-

idation. That means that as the user writes down the

code, editor tries to check it for syntactical correctness.

Syntax validator marks strange looking lines with ex-

clamation mark and tries to underline exact point of

potential syntax errors. This feature can be disabled

as well as syntax highlighting can be disabled. By disabling these features

you can make the editor work faster, but it would probably mean only a

unnecessary limitation. There are three levels of syntax validation:

0: Disabled 1: Fast basic validation 2: Slow advanced validationSyntax validation conguration button react to left and right click with the

mouse pointer. Right button click decreases the level of validation and the

left button click increases it.

3.1.2 Spell checking

18 CHAPTER 3. DETAILED INTRODUCTION TO GUI

Figure 3.2: Spell

checker conguration

button

There is also congurable spell checking function avail-

able. It underlines words which are marked by Hun-

spell

1

as incorrectly spelled. This function applies to

comments in the code or the entire code in case that

the syntax highlight function has been disabled. User

can choose from any of Hunspell or Myspell dictionar-

ies installed on his or her system. This feature can

also be turned o. It makes sense that this function is

completely dependent on the Hunspell program, if it is not installed, spell

checking won't work here.

3.1.3 Auto-completion

Figure 3.3: Syntax highlight, syntax

validation and the pop-up based auto-

completion all in action

Pop-up based auto-completion is func-

tion which should make it easier to

use long names for labels, macros, vari-

ables, functions, constants, etc. This

function is interconnected with syntax

editor's analyzer used for syntax high-

light and validation and for the table of

symbols in the right panel. So it main-

tains an overview of all symbols dened

in your source code le and then when

you write just a few characters which

a symbol starts with, this function will

pop-up window oering you all dened symbols beginning with that letters.

Note that this feature can be disabled in editor conguration dialog and note

also that besides symbols it oers also list of assembly language instruction

mnemonics and assembler directives.

3.1.4 Editor command line

Editor is featured with a command line, which can be invoked by pressing F10

key by default. The command line appears below the editor above its status

bar. From the command line you can perform variety of operations like

conversions between various numerical bases, run simulator, insert current

date and many more. In the command line it is sucient to write just a few

characters which the requested command starts with and which are sucient

to uniquely identify the command and press enter. You can see help for each

1

Hunspell is a spell checker and morphological analyzer. See http://hunspell.

sourceforge.net for details.

3.1. SOURCE CODE EDITOR 19

command by running command help list. Command line is featured with

its own color highlight, history and auto-completion.

Command Arguments Description

d2h Convert decimal number into hexadecimal

d2o Convert decimal number into octal

d2b Convert decimal number into binary

h2d Convert hexadecimal number into decimal

h2o Convert hexadecimal number into octal

h2b Convert hexadecimal number into binary

o2h Convert octal number into hexadecimal

o2d Convert octal number into decimal

o2b Convert octal number into binary

b2h Convert binary number into hexadecimal

b2d Convert binary number into decimal

b2o Convert binary number into octal

animate Animate simulated program

assemble Run assembler

auto-indent Automatically indent the edited code

bookmark Create or delete bookmark on the current line

breakpoint Create or delete breakpoint on the current line

capitalize Capitalize selected text

clear Clear history

comment Comment selection

copy Copy selection

custom Run user command

cut Cut selection

date Insert current time and/or date

exit Leave command line

exit-program Exit the IDE

find Find a string

goto Go to the specied line

help Display help for the specied command

char Insert a character

indent Indent selection

kill-line Delete current line

open Open the specied le

paste Paste text from clipboard

redo Take back last undo

reload Reload current document

replace Replace a string with another string

run Run simulator in animation mode

save Save the current le

set-icon-border Show/Hide icon border

set-line-numbers Show/Hide line numbers

sim Engage/Disengage simulator

step Step simulated program

tolower Convert selected text to lowercase

toupper Convert selected text to uppercase

uncomment Comment current line

undo Undo the last text editing operation

unindent Decrease indentation level of the current line

hibernate [] Hibernate simulated program

resume [] Resume hibernated program

switch-mcu Switch current MCU simulation mode to another MCU

set-xcode Set size external data memory for simulated MCU

set-xdata Set size external program memory for simulated MCU

Table 3.1: Available commands


3.2 Bottom panel

3.2.1 Main panel of the MCU simulator

This panel is the main part of the simulator user interface. It shows all MCU

registers along with content of internal data memory. And contains small

toolbar with 6 buttons: Start/ Shutdown, Reset, Step back,

Step, Step over, Animate and Run. All visible registers can be

modied from here and most SFR registers are represented by enumeration of

bits, where each particular bit can be modied separately, green color means

logical one and red means zero. Each bit has its own tooltip help with short

description of its purpose and status bar tip with bit address and bit name.

Figure 3.4: Main panel of the simulator

Figure 3.5: Highlighted

SFR register

Figure 3.6: Tool tip help

for a special function bit

Figure 3.7: Representa-

tion of a register value in

various numeric bases

3.2.2 C variables

This panel is a part of simulator user interface that maintains a list of global

static variables dened in your C language code. Names of variables are

displayed along with their current values in simulated MCU. If you program

is not written in C language then this tool has no purpose for you at all.

Otherwise the purpose of this panel is to make it easier to simulate a program

for 8051 written in C language and see what is really happening in there.

This tool is capable of extracting variable values from multiple registers and

the displaying them as one variable, one value. Alteration of variable values

is also possible. And search panel in the top right corner of the panel might

3.2. BOTTOM PANEL 21

help you with nding exact variable which you need to see. But note that

functionality of this tool is in fact severely limited, it supports only global

static variables, integers and oats, but variable value modication is allowed

only for integer variables, no oats.

3.2.3 Graph showing voltage levels

This panel might help you to see what is happening on simulated GPIO

2

lines. Resolution and grid can be adjusted to better t your needs. There

are three graphs, one for port latches, one for port outputs (without any

virtual HW) and one for the most realistic GPIO simulation which this IDE

can do.

Figure 3.8: GPIO Graph

3.2.4 Messages panel

This panel displays output from the build-in assembler, external assemblers,

C compiler and other external tools used in this IDE, which prints some-

thing important to standard output. Output from assemblers and SDCC

(C compiler) is parsed to highlight warnings and errors and convert them to

hyperlinks pointing to source code if possible. The panel also implements

a tool for searching strings in the displayed text. User can make this tools

visible by pressing Ctrl+F.

Figure 3.9: Messages panel

2

General Purpose Input Output


3.2.5 Notes

This is your personal notes for whatever you want. Originally it was intended

for writing down a list of things which you need to nish in your work, so

some sort of a to do list. But it is just a simple rich text editor with separate

le specic notepad. User can use it as he or she consider appropriate.

Figure 3.10: Personal notes

3.2.6 Calculator

Calculator is here more or less just for completeness. But you might still

nd it to a real asset to your eorts. This calculator is capable of performing

common arithmetical operations, computing trigonometric functions, logi-

cal operations, etc. Supported numeral systems are hexadecimal, decimal,

octal and binary in both integer and real numbers. Supported angular mea-

surement units are degrees, radians and gradians. The calculator is also

equipped with three memory cells where you can save arbitrary numbers for

future computations. On the right side there is a simple calculator dedicated

to calculation timers preset values for the specied time, clock frequency, etc.

3

Figure 3.11: Calculator

3

Essentially the same but much more advanced function has also the special calculator.

3.2. BOTTOM PANEL 23

3.2.7 Find in les

With this tool you can search all les in certain directory which names

matches specied GLOB

4

pattern. The search is made for a plain string

or regular expression match. This tool might be very useful when you are

dealing with many, possibly large, source code les and you suddenly want to

nd something specic in them. Each line printed in the list of found entries

is a hypertext link which opens the le mentioned in it in the source code

editor and navigates the editor to line matching the item. In other words it

generally the same as well known Unix command grep

5

, but with graphical

user interface.

3.2.8 Terminal emulator

This is a common color VT102

6

terminal emulator for the XWindow System

7

as you probably know. More precisely It's embedded rxvt-unicode terminal

emulator by Marc A. Lehmann and others. Background and foreground

colors used in the terminal emulator are congurable in Terminal cong-

uration Dialog. Note that this feature in not available on Microsoft

RWindows

R operating system and probably will never be, because terminalemulator would have only a little use there.

Figure 3.12: Embedded rxvt-unicode terminal emulator, with the Midnight Commander

running in it

4

An instance of pattern matching behavior, for example *.c++ matches all les with

.c++ extension.

5

A command line text search utility originally written for Unix. The name is taken

from the rst letters in global/regular expression/print. Its ocial date of creation is given

as March 3, 1973.

6

A video terminal that was made by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Its detailed

attributes became the de facto standard for terminal emulators.

7

Computer software system and network protocol that provides a basis for graphical

user interfaces.


3.3 Left panel

3.3.1 List of opened les

Shows list of all les opened withing the current project. Each entry has its

own pop-up menu. Noteworthy features are search bar, sorting by name, size,

etc. and open with an external editor. Each le can be added or removed

from the list of project les. There is not much to say about it, it's just a

simple list with a few nice features but nothing complex.

3.3.2 List of project les

Shows list of all les assigned to the current project. Each entry has its own

pop-up menu. Noteworthy features are search bar, sorting by name, size,

etc. and open with an external editor. Each le can be excluded from the

list of project les, opened or close withing the project.

3.3.3 SFR watches

Figure 3.13: SFR watches

From here you can see all special function reg-

isters on your chosen MCU in one compact list.

Search panel might help you locating particular

SFR in this panel and also in the main simula-

tor panel. Each register has two numerical rep-

resentations of its value in the simulated MCU,

decimal and hexadecimal.

3.3.4 File system browser

This panel should help you quickly navigate in

your le system in order to open les you want

to see as quickly as possible. But many people

generally don't like panels like this and will al-

ways use only le selection dialog instead.

3.4 Right panel

3.4.1 List of bookmarks

From here you can easily navigate trough all bookmarks made in the current

source code le. The panel also highlights item in the list which corresponds

3.4. RIGHT PANEL 25

to the current line (line with cursor) in the source code editor. You can also

remove all bookmarks at once by pressing the Clear all button.

3.4.2 List of breakpoints

Pretty much the same as list of bookmarks, but this panel shows breakpoints

instead of bookmarks, that is the only dierence.

3.4.3 Instruction details

Figure 3.14: Instruction details

When you are writing a code in

the assembly language, this panel

might be a great help for you. It

shows all valid sets of operands

for the instruction on your cur-

rent cursor position in the source

code and highlights the set which

you are probably using. The

same works also for directives.

Each line in list has its own help

window which appears when user

points at it by the pointer. This

help window shows additional de-

tails regarding the exact instruc-

tion. Note also the Show leg-

end button in the upper right corner of the panel.

3.4.4 Data register watches

Figure 3.15: Data register

watches

This panel might help you to keep track of specic

data registers, except for SFR and EEPROM.

User can add arbitrary data memory registers

which he or she consider to be the most impor-

tant for his or her current work. You can add

a register in the bottom part of the panel. And

you can search for specic register, congure the

panel and save or load the list of register in the

top panel.

This tool is capable of extraction of used sym-


bols from a code listing le

8

generated by an as-

sembler. This feature can enabled or disabled in

the panel's conguration menu. The current list

of watched registers can be saved into a le and loaded from a le

9

.

Memory segments are distinguished by format of the addresses. As you

can seen in the example, the meaning is this:

Address format Memory segment

1 or 2 digits Internal RAM (not SFR)

3 digits Expanded RAM

4 digits External RAM

dot and 2 digits Bit (including SFR area)

Table 3.2: Data register watches: Register address

3.4.5 Subprograms call monitor

Figure 3.16: Subprograms

call monitor

From here you can monitor all subprogram and

interrupt calls in your program. For each en-

try there is mentioned the type of call, acall,

lcall or interrupt, return address and address

from which the call was invoked. And you can

force each of them to premature return.

3.4.6 List of symbols

This tools shows a list of symbols dened in

source code of your program, works for both as-

sembly language and C language. The list is man-

aged automatically as the user edit the code and

is featured with search panel for easy navigation.

Types of symbols can be distinguished by their colors and icons. Colors of

particular symbols corresponds to the colors used in the source code editor

to highlight them.

3.4.7 HW plug-ins manager

This tool does just one thing, allows user to use plug-ins in MCU 8051 IDE.

Primary purpose of these plug-ins should be implementation of inter-operation

8

File with .lst le name extension.

9

These le usually have extension .wtc

3.5. OTHER TOOLS 27

Label

Constant

Macro

C variable

C function

Other

Table 3.3: Symbol colors and icons in default settings

with certain hardware tools, most probably MCU programmers. if you are

interested in writing these plug-ins, please refer to chapter 7.

3.5 Other tools

3.5.1 SFR map

A tabular overview of all available SFRs on your MCU. This tool has similar

graphical form as tables of SFR often used in 8051 manuals, but the most

important dierence is that this one is connected to the simulator and is

capable of representing and modifying current values of SFRs in the MCU

simulator.

3.5.2 Map of bit addressable area

Figure 3.17: Map of the bit ad-

dressable area

This tool is a part of the simulator user

interface. It shows all bits in the bit ad-

dressable area of the simulated MCU. Each

square represents one bit, when simulator

is on, you can also change value of each one

of them by clicking on it. Labels and color

used here should be hopefully clear from

the legend at the bottom.

3.5.3 Stack monitor

Figure 3.18: Stack

monitor

This tool makes it possible to see entire MCU stack in

one view. You can also push any value you want onto the

stack or pop a value from it at any time. However this

particular tool does not allow for changing the values on

the tack in any other way than these.

Each line in the stack monitor represents one octet

in the stack, each octet is represented in four numerical


bases, hexadecimal, decimal, binary and octal and also as

a character according to ACII chart. Newly added values

are pushed on the top of the list. And their origins are

distinguished by background color of the address. These colors are explained

in the legend on bottom.

Note that button Clear doe not clear the stack but instead it clear only

the monitor! Buttons POP and PUSH are intended for manipulation

with the stack's content.

3.5.4 Symbol viewer

Figure 3.19: Symbol viewer

Symbol viewer shows the table of symbols

dened in your program, it works only for

assembly language. The table content is

taken from code listing generated by assem-

bler. In the top part of the window you can

nd search bar, and in the bottom part you

can specify lter criteria for what you want

to see in the table and specify sorting order

of the symbols displayed. Symbol in this

context are various constants and labels.

Figure 3.20: ASCII chart Figure 3.21: 8051 Instruction Table

3.5. OTHER TOOLS 29

3.5.5 ASCII chart

Colorful interactive ASCII chart, it may proof handy especially when you

are dealing with serial communication and this sort of things.

3.5.6 8051 Instruction Table

Colorful interactive 8051 instruction table, very much alike the ASCII chart.

But instead of ASCII code you can nd there the complete table of 8051

instruction mnemonics, OP codes and related things.

3.5.7 8-segment editor

Figure 3.22: 8-segment editor

With this tool you can easily determine what

value you have to set on a port to display a digit

on a numerical LED display. In the left part of

the dialog window, you can nd numerical val-

ues corresponding to the digit displayed in the

middle part. These values are represented for

both common cathode and anode and in three

numerical bases, hexadecimal, decimal and oc-

tal. Buttons on left side from entry boxes copies

value from adjacent entry box into clipboard.

In the right part of the window you can set what port pin is connected to

what LED segment.

3.5.8 Stopwatch

Stopwatch is a tool which can measure certain things in the simulated proces-

sor, such as number of instructions processed so far, number of microseconds

which would it take for a real processor to execute, number of breakpoints

met so far etc. User can also set it to stop the simulation when certain limit

in the measurement has been met or exceeded.

3.5.9 Scribble notepad

This is something like a small whiteboard, where you can draw of write your

notes. It is a little bit more free than conventional text editor. You can also

insert images, supported image formats are PNG and a few others. But don't

rely on the scribble notepad to much, this tool has no save or load functions,

anything you draw or write there is just temporary and it will not recover

upon next start of the IDE.


3.5.10 Base converter

Figure 3.23: Base conver-

tor

When you are programming micro-controllers, you

might want to convert numbers between various nu-

meric bases. One could say that everyone dealing

with such things as micro-controllers would be able

to do these conversion without use of any tool. But

this doesn't mean that such a tool can never be

useful. Values written in the entry boxes of the

base converter are saved when user leaved the IDE

and are recovered upon next start along with all opened base converter tool

windows.

3.5.11 RS-232 debugger

Figure 3.24: UART/RS-232 debugger

This tool is capable of transmitting

and receiving data to/from RS-232

port in your computer, today per-

sonal computers usually do not have

this type of port, but you can always

use something like a USB to RS-232

bridge.

I assume here that the reader is

familiar with the RS-232 communica-

tion protocol and related terms. This

tool acts as a DTE

10

.

On the diagram in the upper left

corner you can see current logical

level on each of RS-232 wires except for RxD and TxD. You can also set value

for wires DTR

11

and RTS

12

and trigger the break by button BREAK.

Right upper corner contains conguration controls, their functions should

be mostly obvious. Check-box Enable reception enables or disables writing

to hexadecimal editor Received data. Button Close closes the opened

physical port. And button refreshes the list of available physical ports.

In the bottom part you can see two hexadecimal editors: Data to send

and Received data. These are representations of data which we are dealing

with. By button Receive here you can set address in the hexadecimal editor

10

Data Terminal Equipment, the other side is DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equip-

ment).

11

Data Terminal Ready

12

Ready To Send

3.5. OTHER TOOLS 31

where the received data will be written. And by button Send selected you

can trigger transmission over the opened physical port, selected chunk of the

data will be send then. Button Clear selected are intended for removing

data from the hexadecimal editors editors.

3.5.12 Hexadecimal editors

Figure 3.25: MCU code memory editor

In this IDE there are several hex-

adecimal editors used for various

purposes. Each of these editors is

equipped with a string search tool

and address bars of the left and

top side. And in some cases with

le saving and loading capability,

numerical base switch, ASCII view

and a navigation bar at the bottom.

Editing is allowed only in overwrite

mode, copy and paste works as

usual, search dialog can be invoked

by pressing Ctrl+F and user can

switch between view (left and right)

by pressing Tab key. Non printable

characters in ASCII view are displayed in red color.

MCU code memory editor allows user to see and modify contents of

the CODE memory of the simulated micro-controller. Special feature of this

particular editor is that instruction OP code currently pointed by program

counter (PC) is highlighted with dark orange background along with the

instruction's operands. And the same applies also for the previously executed

instruction but highlight color is light orange in this case.

MCU data/xdata/eeprom memory editor allows user to see and mod-

ify contents of the IDATA/XDATA/EEPROM memory of the simulated

micro-controller. Special features of this editors are that recently changed

octets are highlighted with light orange foreground color and octets currently

being written into the memory are highlighted with gray background color.

MCU eeprom write buer editor allows to see and modify EEPROM

write buer. Current EEPROM write oset is displayed as well.


Independent hexadecimal editor is universal hexadecimal editor with

maximum capacity of 64kB and support for Intel

R8 HEX le format. Thistool is completely independent from your project in the IDE. This too might

be particularly useful when you want to and possibly modify content of a

Intel

R8 hex le, but do not alter the simulated MCU.

3.5.13 Hibernation of simulated program

The IDE is capable of saving execution state of the simulated program into

a le and resuming the program from it anytime later. The le, usually

with extension .m5ihib, contains values of all data registers including SFR

in the simulated MCU along with other values determining MCU state as for

example list of active interrupts. The le is in XML format, human readable

and usually occupies a few tens of kilobytes.The le does not contain content

of the CODE memory, so it has to be available somewhere else in a separate

le.

3.5.14 Interrupt monitor

Interrupts monitor is a specialized tool intended for viewing and manipu-

lating with interrupts in simulated MCU. With interrupt monitor you can

invoke any interrupt you want at any time, force any interrupt at any time to

return, change interrupt priorities or disable or enable particular interrupts.

You can also see all interrupts synoptically in one window and alter values

of their conguration ags.

Figure 3.26: Interrupt monitor

3.5. OTHER TOOLS 33

3.5.15 Conversions between *.hex, *.bin and *.adf les

Sometimes it might prove helpful to have some tool to convert a binary le

to Intel

R8 Hex and vice versa. For this purpose MCU 8051 IDE is equippedwith a simple tool set for this purpose. In the Main Menu Utilitiesyou can nd these tools:

HEX BINConvert Intel

R8 Hex le to raw binary le BIN HEXConvert raw binary le to Intel

R8 Hex SIM HEXConvert simulator assembler debug le (.adf) to Intel

R8 Hex le SIM BINConvert simulator assembler debug le (.adf) to raw binary le

Normalize HexRead and rewrite the given Intel

R8 Hex le, so that all records satisesspecied maximum length (can be set in the assembler conguration

dialog), all records are in incremental order and no records overlaps

with others.

3.5.16 Normalization of source code indentation

Uniformly indented code is always more aesthetically pleasing and more read-

able. When you don't have the luxury of having such a code from the rst

hand, perhaps you will nd this feature helpful. This function is available

for assembly language and C language if program indent is installed on your

system. User can access this function from the Main Menu Tools Auto indent.

A small example of the auto indent function in action

Original code:

abc DATA 7Fh

; Start at address 0x00

ORG 0h

label0:inc R0

inc @R0

cjne R0 , #abc ,label0

mov R0, #0h

sjmp label0

; End of assembly

END

Automatically intended code:

abc DATA 7Fh

; Start at address 0x00

ORG 0h

label0: inc R0

inc @R0

cjne R0, #abc, label0

mov R0, #0h

sjmp label0

; End of assembly

END

3.5.17 Change letter case


Figure 3.27: Change letter case

dialog

This tool can change letter casing to upper

or lower case of certain types tokens which

your source consists of of. For example you

can easily convert all instruction mnemonics

in the code to uppercase. It is intended for

users who strictly prefers one or another con-

vention of letter casing in assembly language.

You can invoke the tool from Main Menu Tools Change letter case. Convert to uppercase Convert to lowercase Keep current case

3.5.18 User dened commands

Introduction This feature was added in order to enable for use of any aux-

iliary tools which might useful while working in this IDE. For instance, some

hardware tools or some sort of a source code management system like Git

or SVN. These custom commands are basically mere Bash scripts with some

kind of pseudo-variables available in it. These pseudo-variables are formed as

strings beginning with %. Before each script execution they are expanded

to values corresponding to their meaning. For instance %filename expands

to the name of the current le. Note that %% is expanded as single %.

Pseudo-variable Meaning

%URL The full URL of the current le

%URLS List of the URLs of all open documents

%directory Project directory

%lename The le name of the current document

%basename Same as %lename, but without extension

%mainle Name of project main le

%line Number of the current line

%column Number of the current column

%selection The selected text in the current le

%text The full text of the current le

Table 3.4: List of pseudo-variables

Conguration There is specialized conguration dialog for these custom

commands.

3.6. CONFIGURATION DIALOGUES 35

Figure 3.28: Custom commands

conguration dialog

Execution After the script is executed suc-

cessfully or not, dialog showing the results

will appear upon completion of the script.

This dialog contains all textual output from

the script caught on standard output and

standard error output. If the script outputs

anything to the standard error output it is

considered unsuccessful.

3.5.19 Clean-up project folder

This tool can proof useful particularly when

your project directory gets polluted with

lots of unnecessary les, and you want to get

rid of them easily and rst of all safely. It removes les with certain le

name extensions from the project folder. The list of removed les is then

written in results dialog. Available from Main Menu Tools Cleanup project folder.

3.5.20 File statistic

Display certain statistical information about the current source code le.

Main Menu File File statistic.

3.6 Conguration dialogues

Conguration dialogues are graphical tools for customization of this inte-

grated development environment. And they comprises of these components:

Figure 3.29: Editor

conguration dialog

Editor conguration In editor conguration dialog

user can change preferred editor from default built-in

editor to for example Vim or Emacs and modify cong-

uration the built-in editor. Congurable are colors used

for syntax highlight, colors for text area background

and so on, font used by editor, indentation mode, auto-

save interval and others.


Compiler conguration Compiler conguration di-

alog allows user to congure behavior of the built-in

assembler, chose another assembler instead of this one.

Congure the preferred assembler and congure the C

compiler (SDCC). Compiler conguration is stored in

the project le (the le with .mcu8051ide extension).

So these setting are specic to the one specic MCU 8051 IDE project.

Currently supported external assemblers are these:

ASEM-51 13 ASL 14 AS51 15

How to link multiple les when using C language:

16

1. Write makele,

2. set the IDE to use your makele instead of calling the C compiler di-

rectly (Conguration -> Compiler conguration -> GNU make utility),

3. start compilation as usual.

Simulator conguration Simulator conguration dialog congures these:

1. How to treat indeterminable values in simulator engine

2. How many steps will be remembered during the simulation for later

backward steps.

3. What warning conditions will be ignored during the simulation

Right panel conguration Congures colors used in tools Instruction

details and Register watches in the right panel.

Main toolbar conguration Congures contents of main application tool

bar.

13

A really useful assembler written by W.W. Heinz. You can nd it at http://plit.

de/asem-51/home.htm

14

Available at http://linux.maruhn.com/sec/asl.html

15

Available at http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051

16

This feature is not yet supported on MS Windows.

3.6. CONFIGURATION DIALOGUES 37

Figure 3.30: Main toolbar

Custom commands conguration Congures user dened commands,

which are essentially Bash scripts. This feature is currently not available on

MS

RWindows ROS.

Shortcuts conguration Congures key shortcuts used in the IDE.

Terminal emulator conguration Congures terminal emulator at the

bottom panel. This terminal emulator is embedded rxvt-unicode. User can

set foreground color and background color of the terminal emulator window

and the font. This feature is currently not available on MS

RWindows ROS.

Figure 3.31: Global

conguration dialog

Global MCU 8051 IDE conguration Changes

settings like GUI language, size of fonts used in the

GUI, GUI widget style, whether splash screen should

be displayed each time when the IDE is started and so

on.

39

Chapter 4

Build-in macro-assembler

In this chapter we will be concerned with MCU 8051 IDE build-in assembler.

1

With syntax of its statements, directives and 8051 assembler instructions. I

assume that the reader is familiar with general concepts of assembly language

programming and 8051 architecture. So I will not explain these here.

4.1 Statements

Source code les for this assembler must be text les where lines are formed

like these:

[ label: ] [ instruction [ operand [ , operand [ , operand ] ] ] [ ;comment ]

[ label: ] directive [ argument ] [ ;comment ]

symbol directive argument [ ;comment ]

Everything in square brackets is optional. Compilation does not go be-

yond line containing end directive, so after that directive the code do not

have to be syntactically valid. Empty lines are allowed as well as line contain-

ing only comment or label. Statements can be separated by spaces, NBSP

characters

2

and tabs. Statements are case insensitive and their length is not

limited, overall line length is also not limited.

4.2 Symbols

Symbol names for numbers, macros or addresses dened by user in the code

using appropriate directive. Like with equ directive you can dene a new

1

This assembler manual is inspired by ASEM-51 manual, a great work done by W.W.

Heinz

2

No Breaking Space (0xC2)

40 CHAPTER 4. BUILD-IN MACRO-ASSEMBLER

Code 2 An example of well formed assembly language code

start: ; Start timer 0 in mode 2

mov R5, #0h

mov IE, #0FFh

mov TL0, #255d

mov TMOD, #03h

setb TR0

sjmp main

; Main loop

main: sjmp $ ; Inifinite loop

; Program end

end

symbol and assign a value to it right away. Symbols may consist of upper

and lower case letter, digits and underscore character (_), their length is

not limited, they are case insensitive and they can be the same as language

keywords. Be aware of that there cannot coexists two or more symbols in

the same memory segment which diers only by letter casing, in other words

symbols abc and ABC are completely the same thing.

4.3 Constants

There are two types of constants numeric constants and character constants.

Numeric constants consist of a sequence of digits allowed for the numeric

base used and followed by the radix specier. If the number begins with a

letter, there must be the zero digit placed before the number. For example

abh is not valid numeric constant, but 0abh is. Character constants con-

sist of sequence of one or more characters enclosed by quote character (').

C escape sequences can be used in character constants. If you want to place

quote character (') into the constant, you can either place two quotes instead

of one ('''') or escape the quote, that means place backslash

before it. There is signicant dierence between single character constant

and multiple character one. Single character constant is regarded by assem-

bler as 8 bin integer number and multiple character constant is a string, a

sequence of characters. Since version 1.4.1 it is possible to use prex 0x

(and 0X) as radix specier for hexadecimal numbers, so 0xaf is the same

as 0afh, etc.

4.4. EXPRESSIONS 41

Constant type Allowed digits Radix specier

Binary 0 .. 1 B

Octal 0 .. 7 O or Q

Decimal 0 .. 9 D or none

Hexadecimal 0 .. 9, A .. F H

Table 4.1: Radix speciers

Code 3 An example of constants

; These are the same number

a set 100111b ; Binary

a set 47q ; Octal

a set 39d ; Decimal

a set 27h ; Hexadecimal

a set '''' ; Character

; This is an example of string

db 'string' ; String

4.4 Expressions

Arithmetical expressions are evaluated at compilation time and replaced by

assembler with constant corresponding the their resulting value. Expressions

comprises of arithmetical operators, constants, symbols and another expres-

sions. An example of such expression might be ( X XOR 0FF00H )

Operator Description Example

Unary Operators

NOT one's complement NOT 0a55ah

HIGH high order byte HIGH 0a55ah

LOW low order byte LOW 0a55ah

Binary Operators

+ unsigned addition 11 + 12

- unsigned subtraction 13 + 11

* unsigned multiplication 3 * 5

/ unsigned division 20 / 4

MOD unsigned remainder 21 MOD 4

SHL logical shift left 32 SHL 2

SHR logical shift right 32 SHR 2

AND logical and 48 AND 16

OR logical or 370q OR 7

XOR exclusive or 00fh XOR 005h

. bit operator P1.4

EQ, = equal to 11 EQ 11

NE, not equal to 11 NE 11

LT, < less than 11 LT 12

LE, greater than 12 GT 11

GE, >= greater or equal than 12 GT 11

Table 4.2: Expression operators


Code 4 An example of expressions

abc EQU ( 2000 * 3 / 100 )

xyz SET ( LOW abc )

IF ( abc > ( 5 MOD 2 ) )

MOV A, # ( ( 15h XOR 12 ) OR xyz )

ELSE

ADDC A, # ( HIGH 1234h )

ENDIF

4.5 The instruction set processing

This assembler is capable of translating all 8051 instructions with all possible

sets of operands. And extends this set with 2 pseudo-instructions: CALL

and JMP which do not stand for any operation code, but are translated

according to the used operand. CALL can be translated as ACALL or

LCALL, JMP addr can be translated as SJMP, AJMP or LJMP.

4.6. ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES 43

4.6 Assembler directives

ifn IF Not, conditional assembly

Syntax:

IFN

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

ifdef IF DEFined

Syntax:

IFDEF

Example:

IFDEF CND

MOV A, #20h

ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

ifndef IF Not DEFined

Syntax:

IFNDEF

Example:

IFNDEF CND

MOV A, #20h

ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

rept REPeaT Macro

Syntax:

REPT

Example:

REPT 5

NOP

ENDM

times REPeaT Macro

Syntax:

TIMES

Example:

TIMES 5

NOP

ENDM

if Conditional assembly

Syntax:

IF

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

else Conditional assembly

Syntax:

ELSE

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

elseif Conditional assembly

Syntax:

ELSEIF

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSEIF SOMETHING_ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

elseifn Conditional assembly

Syntax:

ELSEIF

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSEIF SOMETHING_ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

elseifdef Conditional assembly

Syntax:

ELSEIF

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h


ELSEIFDEF SOMETHING_ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

elseifndef Conditional assembly

Syntax:

ELSEIF

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSEIFNDEF SOMETHING_ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

endif Conditional assembly

Syntax:

ENDIF

Example:

IF(2 * 4 - CND)

MOV A, #20h

ELSE

MOV A, #40h

ENDIF

endm END of Macro denition

Syntax:

ENDM

Example:

ABC MACRO

MOV B, #12d

ENDM

end END of the program

Syntax:

END

Example:

END

list enable code LISTing

Syntax:

LIST

Example:

NOP

NOLIST

NOP

NOP

LIST

NOP

nolist disabled code listing

Syntax:

NOLIST

Example:

NOP

NOLIST

NOP

NOP

LIST

NOP

dseg switch to DATA segment [at address]

Syntax:

DSEG [AT ]

Example:

DSEG at 20d

iseg switch to IDATA segment [at address]

Syntax:

ISEG [AT ]

Example:

ISEG at 10d

bseg switch to BIT segment [at address]

Syntax:

BSEG [AT ]

Example:

BSEG at 5d

xseg switch to XDATA segment [at address]

Syntax:

XSEG [AT ]

Example:

XSEG at 30d

cseg switch to CODE segment [at address]

Syntax:

CSEG [AT ]

4.6. ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES 45

Example:

CSEG at 40d

ag dene a FLAG bit

Syntax:

FLAG

Example:

F4 FLAG 16h

Note:

Deprecated directive. Consider directive BIT instead.}

skip SKIP bytes in the code memory

Syntax:

SKIP

Example:

SKIP 5

equ EQUivalent

Syntax:

EQU

Example:

ABC EQU R0

XYZ EQU 4Eh+12

bit dene BIT address

Syntax:

BIT

Example:

ABC BIT P4.5

set SET numeric variable or variable register

Syntax:

SET

SET

Example:

ALPHA SET R0

ALPHA SET 42*BETA

code dene address in the CODE memory

Syntax:

CODE

Example:

TBL CODE 600h

data dene address in the DATA memory

Syntax:

DATA

Example:

UIV DATA 20h

idata dene address in the Internal DATA mem-

ory

Syntax:

IDATA

Example:

UIV IDATA 20h

xdata dene address in the External DATA mem-

ory

Syntax:

XDATA

Example:

UIV XDATA 400h

macro MACRO denition

Syntax:

MACRO [ [, ... ]

Example:

ABC MACRO X

MOV X, #12d

ENDM

local dene a LOCAL label inside a macro

Syntax:

LOCAL

Example:

ABC MACRO X

LOCAL xyz

xyz: MOV X, #12d

ENDM

ds Dene Space

Syntax:

DS

Example:


DS 2+4

dw Dene Words

Syntax:

DW [, ... ]

Example:

DW 0,02009H,2009,4171

db Dene Bytes

Syntax:

DB [, ... ]

Example:

DB 24,'August',09,(2*8+24)/8

dbit Dene BITs

Syntax:

DBIT

Example:

DBIT 4+2

include INCLUDE an external source code

Syntax:

INCLUDE

Example:

INCLUDE 'my file.asm'

org ORiGin of segment location

Syntax:

ORG

Example:

ORG 0Bh

using USING register banks

Syntax:

USING

Example:

USING 2

byte dene BYTE address in the data memory

Syntax:

BYTE

Example:

UIV BYTE 20h

Note:

Deprecated directive. Consider directive DATA instead.

4.7. ASSEMBLER CONTROLS 47

4.7 Assembler Controls

$date Inserts date string into page header

Syntax:

$DATE(string)

Example:

$DATE(1965-12-31)

$da Inserts date string into page header

Syntax:

$DA(string)

Example:

$DA(1965-12-31)

$eject Start a new page in list le

Syntax:

$EJECT

Example:

$EJECT

$ej Start a new page in list le

Syntax:

$EJ

Example:

$EJ

$include Include a source le

Syntax:

$INCLUDE(string)

Example:

$INCLUDE(somefile.asm)

$inc Include a source le

Syntax:

$INC(string)

Example:

$INC(somefile.asm)

$list List subsequent source lines

Syntax:

$LIST

Example:

$LIST

$li List subsequent source lines

Syntax:

$LI

Example:

$LI

$noli Don't list subsequent source lines

Syntax:

$NOLI

Example:

$NOLI

$nolist Don't list subsequent source lines

Syntax:

$NOLIST

Example:

$NOLIST

$nomod Disable predened SFR symbols

Syntax:

$NOMOD

Example:

$NOMOD

$nomo Disable predened SFR symbols

Syntax:

$NOMO

Example:

$NOMO

$nomod51 Disable predened SFR symbols

Syntax:

$NOMOD51

Example:

$NOMOD51

$paging Enable listing page formatting

Syntax:

$PAGING

Example:

$PAGING

$pi Enable listing page formatting

Syntax:

$PI

Example:

$PI

$nopi Disable listing page formatting

Syntax:

$NOPI

Example:

$NOPI

$nopaging Disable listing page formatting

Syntax:

$NOPAGING


Example:

$NOPAGING

$pagelength Set lines per page for listing

Syntax:

$PAGELENGTH(int)

Example:

$PAGELENGTH(64)

$pl Set lines per page for listing

Syntax:

$PL(int)

Example:

$PL(64)

$pagewidth Set columns per line for listing

Syntax:

$PAGEWIDTH(int)

Example:

$PAGEWIDTH(132)

$pw Set columns per line for listing

Syntax:

$PW(int)

Example:

$PW(132)

$symbols Create symbol table

Syntax:

$SYMBOLS

Example:

$SYMBOLS

$sb Create symbol table

Syntax:

$SB

Example:

$SB

$nosymbols Don't create symbol table

Syntax:

$NOSYMBOLS

Example:

$NOSYMBOLS

$nosb Don't create symbol table

Syntax:

$NOSB

Example:

$NOSB

$title Inserts title string into page header

Syntax:

$TITLE(string)

Example:

$TITLE(My firts code)

$tt Inserts title string into page header

Syntax:

$TT(string)

Example:

$TT(My firts code)

$noobject Do not create Intel HEX le

Syntax:

$NOOBJECT

Example:

$NOOBJECT

$object Specify le name for Intel HEX

Syntax:

$OBJECT(string)

Example:

$OBJECT(my_hex.hex)

$print Specify le name for list le

Syntax:

$PRINT(string)

Example:

$PRINT(my_list.lst)

$noprint Do not create list le at all

Syntax:

$NOPRINT

Example:

$NOPRINT

$nomacrosrst Dene and expand macro instruc-

tions after! conditional assembly and de-

nitions of constants

Syntax:

$NOMACROSFIRST

Example:

$NOMACROSFIRST

4.8. PREDEFINED SYMBOLS 49

4.8 Predened Symbols

There are symbols which are dened by default by assembler. The aim is to

make it a little easier to write code in assembly language for 8051, because

user don not have to dene all these symbols in his or her code. This feature

can be turned of by $NOMOD control sequence.

Table 4.3: Code addresses

Symbol Value Symbol Value Symbol Value Symbol Value

RESET 000h EXTI0 003h TIMER0 00Bh EXTI1 013h

TIMER1 01Bh SINT 023h TIMER2 02Bh CFINT 033h

Table 4.4: Plain numbers, these symbols are always dened!

Symbol Value

??MCU_8051_IDE 8051h

??VERSION 0139h

3

Table 4.5: Predened SFR bit addresses


IT0 088h IE0 089h IT1 08Ah IE1 08Bh

TR0 08Ch TF0 08Dh TR1 08Eh TF1 08Fh

RI 098h TI 099h RB8 09Ah TB8 09Bh

REN 09Ch SM2 09Dh SM1 09Eh SM0 09Fh

FE 09Fh

EX0 0A8h ET0 0A9h EX1 0AAh ET1 0ABh

ES 0ACh ET2 0ADh EC 0AEh EA 0AFh

RXD 0B0h TXD 0B1h INT0 0B2h INT1 0B3h

T0 0B4h T1 0B5h WR 0B6h RD 0B7h

PX0 0B8h PT0 0B9h PX1 0BAh PT1 0BBh

PS 0BCh PT2 0BDh PC 0BEh

PPCL 0BEh PT2L 0BDh PSL 0BCh

PT1L 0BBh PX1L 0BAh PT0L 0B9h PX0L 0B8h

TF2 0CFh EXF2 0CEh RCLK 0CDh TCLK 0CCh

EXEN2 0CBh TR2 0CAh CT2 0C9h CPRL2 0C8h

P 0D0h OV 0D2h RS0 0D3h

RS1 0D4h F0 0D5h AC 0D6h CY 0D7h

CR 0DEh CCF4 0DCh

CCF3 0DBh CCF2 0DAh CCF1 0D9h CCF0 0D8h


Table 4.6: Predened SFR addresses


P0 080h SP 081h DPL 082h DPH 083h

PCON 087h TCON 088h TMOD 089h TL0 08Ah

TL1 08Bh TH0 08Ch TH1 08Dh P1 090h

SCON 098h SBUF 099h P2 0A0h IE 0A8h

P3 0B0h IP 0B8h PSW 0D0h ACC 0E0h

B 0F0h P4 0C0h WDTCON 0A7h EECON 096h

DP0H 083h DP0L 082h DP1H 085h DP1L 084h

T2CON 0C8h T2MOD 0C9h RCAP2L 0CAh RCAP2H 0CBh

TL2 0CCh TH2 0CDh AUXR1 0A2h WDTRST 0A6h

CLKREG 08Fh ACSR 097h IPH 0B7h SADDR 0A9h

SADEN 0B9h SPCR 0D5h SPSR 0AAh SPDR 086h

AUXR 08Eh CKCON 08Fh WDTPRG 0A7h

CH 0F9h CCAP0H 0FAh CCAP1H 0FBh CCAP2H 0FCh

CCAP3H 0FDh CCAP4H 0FEh CCAPL2H 0FCh CCAPL3H 0FDh

CCAPL4H 0FEh ADCLK 0F2h ADCON 0F3h ADDL 0F4h

ADDH 0F5h ADCF 0F6h P5 0E8h CL 0E9h

CCAP0L 0EAh CCAP1L 0EBh CCAPL2L 0ECh CCAPL3L 0EDh

CCAPL4L 0EEh CCON 0D8h CMOD 0D9h CCAPM0 0DAh

CCAPM1 0DBh CCAPM2 0DCh CCAPM3 0DDh CCAPM4 0DEh

P1M2 0E2h P3M2 0E3h P4M2 0E4h P1M1 0D4h

P3M1 0D5h P4M1 0D6h SPCON 0C3h SPSTA 0C4h

SPDAT 0C5h IPL0 0B8h IPL1 0B2h IPH1 0B3h

IPH0 0B7h BRL 09Ah BDRCON 09Bh BDRCON_1 09Ch

KBLS 09Ch KBE 09Dh KBF 09Eh SADEN_0 0B9h

SADEN_1 0BAh SADDR_0 0A9h SADDR_1 0AAh CKSEL 085h

OSCCON 086h CKRL 097h CKCON0 08Fh

4.9. SEGMENT TYPE 51

4.9 Segment type

Segment type species the address space to which a symbol is assigned. For

example if you dene symbol ABC using XDATA directive, then ABS is

assigned to XDATA segment. Purpose of this is to semantically distinguish

between dierent types of symbols. For example if we use a symbol as address

to program memory it has dierent meaning that if we used it as address to

bit addressable area.

DATA Internal data memory and SFR

IDATA Internal data memory only

XDATA External data memory only

BIT Bit addressable area only

CODE Program memory only

NUMBER Arbitrary value

Table 4.7: Segment types

Symbols might be assigned to these segment types by these directives:

DATA (segment DATA) IDATA (segment IDATA) XDATA (segment XDATA) BIT (segment BIT) CODE (segment CODE) EQU, SET (segment NUMBER)

Code 5 Example of symbol denitions

MY_A DATA '\n' ; DATA segment (internal data memory and SFR)

MY_B IDATA 0AAH ; IDATA segment (internal data memory only)

MY_C XDATA 14Q ; XDATA segment (external data memory only)

MY_D BIT P1.2 ; BIT segment (bit addressable area only)

MY_E CODE 62348D ; CODE segment (program memory only)

MY_F EQU 242Q ; Segment NUMBER (arbitrary value)

; Segment NUMBER (arbitrary value)

MY_G SET MY_A + MY_B + MY_C + MY_D + MY_E + MY_F


Code 6 Example of address space reservation

; CODE segment

cseg at 40h ; Start this segment at address 40 hexadecimal (64d)

my_c CODE 00abch ; Define an address in code memory

word: DW 01234h ; Define a word in code memory, will be written to code memory

my_cs: DB 'abcdef'; Define a string in code memory, will be written to code memory

; DATA segment

dseg at 10q ; Start this segment at address 10 octal (8d)

my_d DATA 'd' ; Define address in internal data memory or SFR area

my_ds: DS 4 ; Reserve 4 bytes here and set ``my_ds'' to point there

; IDATA segment

iseg at 10d ; Start this segment at address 10 decimal

my_i IDATA 'i' ; Define address in internal data memory

my_is: DS 4 ; Reserve 4 bytes here and set ``my_is'' to point there

; BIT segment

bseg at 10b ; Start this segment at address 10 binary (2d)

my_bit BIT 'b' ; Define address in bit addressable area

my_bs: dbit 4 ; Reserve 4 bits here and set ``my_bs'' to point there

; XDATA segment

xseg at 10 ; Start this segment at address 10 decimal

my_x XDATA 'x' ; Define address in external data memory

my_xs: DS 4 ; Reserve 4 bytes here and set ``my_xs'' to point there

address equ 0h ; Define symbol ``address' in the NUMBER segment

org address ; Start writing program code at address defined by symbol ``address''

; Clear 1st bit in BIT array ``my_bs''

clr my_bs+1

; Move 10d to 2nd byte in DATA array ``my_ds''

mov my_ds+2, #10d

; Move 88d to 3rd byte in IDATA array ``my_is''

mov my_is+3, #88d

; Move 55h to 0th byte in XDATA array ``my_xs''

mov A, #55h

mov DPTR, #( my_xs + 0 )

movx @DPTR, A

; Read 1st byte from CODE array ``my_cs''

mov DPTR, #my_cs

mov A, #1

movc A, @A+DPTR

sjmp $ ; Infinite loop (``$'' stands for address of current instruction)

end ; End of assembly, everything after this directive is ignored

4.10. CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY 53

4.10 Conditional Assembly

The aim of conditional assembly to to assemble certain parts of the code if

and only if certain arithmetically expressed condition is met. This feature

can prove useful particularly when the user want to make the code some-

how congurable. This assembler provides these instructions to work with

conditional assembly:

IF IFN IFDEF IFNDEF ELSE ELSEIF ELSEIFN ELSEIFDEF ELSEIFNDEF ENDIFThis can be best demonstrated on an example:

Code 7 An example of conditional assembly usage

abc equ 16 ; Assign number 14 to symbol abc

xyz equ 10 ; Assign number 10 to symbol abc

ifdef abc ;


4.11 Macro Processing

Macro is a sequence of instructions which can be expanded anywhere in the

code and for any number of times. That may reduce necessity of repeating

code fragments as well as source code size and make the solved task easier

to comprehend and solve. Unlike subprograms macros do not add extra

run-time overhead and repeating usage of macros may signicantly increase

size of the resulting machine code. Macros supported by this assembler are

divided to named and unnamed ones.

MACRO Dene a new named macro

REPT Dene a new unnamed macro and expand it right away for the specied number of times

TIMES Exactly the same as REPT

ENDM End of macro denition

Table 4.8: Directives directly related to macros

This can be well demonstrated on examples:

Code 8 An exaple of REPT directive

rept 3 ; Repeat the code 3 times

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

endm

; This is the same as if you wrote this:

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

4.11. MACRO PROCESSING 55

Code 9 An exaple of simple named macro

abc macro ; Define named macro `àbc''

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

endm

abc ; Expand macro `àbc'' here

abc ; Expand macro `àbc'' here


mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

Code 10 An exaple of named macro with two parameters

; Define macro named as ``xyz'' with 2 mandatory parameters

xyz macro foo, bar

mov foo, #10h

cpl bar

endm

xyz a, c ; Expand macro ``xyz'' here

xyz p0, p1.0 ; Expand macro ``xyz'' here


; xyz a, c

mov a, #10h

cpl c

; xyz p0, p1.0

mov p0, #10h

cpl p1.0


Code 11 An exaple of named macro used with if statement

ijk macro foo

add A, @R0

if foo = 4d

nop

endif

subb A, #foo

endm

ijk 5

ijk 4


; ijk 5

add A, @R0

if 5 = 4d

nop

endif

subb A, #5

; ijk 4

add A, @R0

if 4 = 4d

nop

endif

subb A, #4

4.11. MACRO PROCESSING 57

Code 12 An exaple of nested macros

; Suppose we have these macros:

abc macro

mov a, p0

cpl a

mov p1, a

endm

ijk macro foo

add A, @R0

if foo = 4d

nop

endif

subb A, #foo

endm

xyz macro foo, bar

ijk foo

ijk bar

abc

endm

; And we expand ``xyz'' like this:

xyz 4, 5

; Then we get this result:

; ijk 4

add A, @R0

nop ;


4.12 Reserved keywords

Table 4.9: Special instruction operands

$ Location counter

A Accumulator

AB A/B register pair

C Carry ag (in PSW register)

DPTR Data pointer

PC Program counter

R0..R7 Registers

Table 4.10: Instruction mnemonics

ACALL ADD ADDC AJMP ANL CJNE CLR CPL DA

DEC DIV DJNZ INC JB JBC JC JMP JNB

JNZ SJMP JNC CALL JZ LCALL LJMP MOV MOVC

MOVX MUL NOP ORL POP PUSH RET RETI RL

RLC RR RRC SETB SUBB SWAP XCH XCHD XRL

Table 4.11: Directives

BIT BSEG BYTE CODE CSEG

DATA DB DBIT DS DSEG

DW ELSE ELSEIF ELSEIFDEF ELSEIFN

ELSEIFNDEF END ENDIF ENDM EQU

FLAG IDATA IF IFDEF IFN

IFNDEF INCLUDE ISEG LIST MACRO

NAME NOLIST ORG REPT SET

SKIP TIMES USING XDATA XSEG

Table 4.12: Expression operators

AND EQ GE GT HIGH

LE LOW LT MOD NE

NOT OR SHL SHR XOR

Table 4.13: Assembler controls

DA DATE EJ EJECT

LI LIST NOLI NOLIST

NOMACROSFIRST NOMO NOMOD NOMOD51

NOOBJECT NOPAGING NOPI NOPRINT

NOSB NOSYMBOLS OBJECT PAGELENGTH

PAGEWIDTH PAGING PI PL

PRINT PW SB SYMBOLS

TITLE TT

4.13. COMPATIBILITY WITH ASEM-51 59

4.13 Compatibility with ASEM-51

Not yet specied.


4.14 List File Format

Code listing serves as an additional information about the assembled code

and the progress of the assembly process. It contains information about all

symbols dened in the code. Where and how were they were dened, what

are their values and whether they were used in the code. Also detailed infor-

mation about all macros dened in the code and/or expanded in the code.

Conditional compilation conguration, instruction OP codes, address space

reservations, inclusion of code from another les. And all warnings, errors

and notes generated during the assembly by the assembler. There are assem-

bler control sequences which alters formatt

mcu8051ide.en

Documents

list of project

bug reports

led panel

mcu simulator

list file format584

list of symbols243

list of breakpoints

main panel