Md. Abdul Malek SikderSenior Consultant, TSUIB Project, HBRI.Fellow, The Institution of Engineers Bangladesh

Bangladesh: Some Basic Facts Bangladesh is a delta of about 1,44,000 sq.km. The territory of Bangladesh is situated on the delta of

the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system which has more than 350 tributaries and distributaries.

Bangladesh receives an average of 870 million acre-feet (MAF) of river flows from India, China and Nepal.

Coastline of Bangladesh is about 710 km. Land elevation of 50% of the country is within 5m of

MSL. About 68% of the country is vulnerable to flood. Population of Bangladesh is 163.0 million.

Major Natural HazardsBangladesh is susceptible to a variety of disastersdue to the following major hazards: Cyclones Flood River bank erosion Earthquakes Climate change

Cyclones Tracking Over Bangladesh During the Twentieth Century

[Source: Banglapedia]

Cyclone Risk Map of Bangladesh

Seismicity of Asian Region

Seismic Zoning Map of Bangladesh

Vulnerability of the Cities of Bangladesh

A recent study titled, “Earthquake Risk Assessment of Dhaka, Chittagong and SylhetCity Corporation Area (CDMP, June 2009)”illustrates vulnerability of three major cities of Bangladesh.

Estimated Damage to Buildings in the worst case scenario

City Total No. of Buildings

Moderate Damage Damage Beyond Repair

Dhaka 326,000 270,604 83% 238,164 73%

Chittagong 182,000 168,150 92% 142,855 78%

Sylhet 52,000 51,858 99% 50,879 98%

Source: CDMP (2009)

Fatalities in the worst case scenario . Probable number of killed victims

City 2.00 A.M 2.00 P.M

Dhaka 260,788 183,450

Chittagong 95,183 73,213

Sylhet 20,708 14,276

Source: CDMP (2009)

Estimated Building-related economic losses

City Million of Dollars

Dhaka 15,603

Chittagong 3,112

Sylhet 1,105

Source: CDMP (2009)

Salient Features of the Earthquake Risk Assessment Estimated damage is colossal Estimated human casualty is beyond imagination Total economic loss will be enormous Main cause of human casualty is collapse of

buildings Search and rescue, relief and rehabilitation works

will be seriously hampered due to collapse of huge number of buildings of essential facilities like important Government Buildings, Hospitals, Fire and Police Stations.

Types of Buildings in Bangladesh Very old one story brick masonry heritage buildings with

very thick walls and brick dome roofs of pre-British era. Unreinforced brick masonry buildings with lime mortar

and brick tiled roof . Buildings constructed during British Period.

Unreinforced masonry buildings with cement mortar and RC slab. Buildings 1-5 storey high, constructed during forties through seventies.

Non ductile RC frame buildings, constructed during seventies through nineties till BNBC is published in 1993.

Buildings constructed after publication of BNBC. Mostly RC frame buildings.

Causes of vulnerability of buildings Non engineered building construction. Unreinforced masonry buildings. Buildings constructed before 1993 not

following any building code like Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC).

Buildings constructed after 1993 not considering earthquake load

Buildings designed following Building Code but not implemented properly during construction.

Causes of vulnerability of buildings, contd.

Poor quality construction Lack of seismic detailing Masonry infill walls creating short column

effect. Open car parking floors with masonry infill

walls on the upper floors creating soft story.

Public Works Department (PWD) is in charge of important and essential Government Buildings PWD is entrusted with construction and maintenance

of important Government buildings including essential facilities like Hospitals, Fire and Police stations.

PWD has got a huge stock of vulnerable unreinforced masonry buildings.

Buildings constructed before 1993 are mostly non ductile RC frame structures with low strength concrete.

But PWD had a limited technical capacity for structural assessment and retrofitting of those buildings.

CNCRP - Project for Capacity Development of PWD for Seismic Assessment and Retrofitting of RC Buildings with Technical Assistance from JICA

Through this CNCRP Project the Engineers of PWD has been learning the techniques of Seismic Assessment , Retrofit design and Construction of RC buildings from JICA expert team.

CNCRP had conducted sample test works on different Retrofitting Methods to understand and identify retrofitting methods appropriate for Bangladesh.

CNCRP had conducted structural tests to know the behavior of local existing RC buildings.

RANA PLAZA BUILDING COLLAPSE TRAGEDY

Date: April 24, 2013 Death : 1135 Injury: 1800 Property loss:

I. Building value : Tk 350 million II. Machineries & furnituresIII. Finished garments productsIV. Goods in the shops

Business loss Social credibility loss Loss of employment Compensation

PWD (CNCRP) extended cooperation to help Retrofit RMG Factory Buildings

Under joint initiative of PWD, Japan embassy, JICA, Bangladesh Bank (Central Bank of Bangladesh), BGMEA, BKMEA the “RMG Sector Safe Working Environment Program” has been launched to Retrofit vulnerable RMG factory buildings.

Technical support for Assessment, Retrofit Design and Construction was provided by PWD (CNCRP).

RMG Sector Safe Working Environment ProgramBackground:

After the Rana Plaza tragedy in April 24, 2013, Bangladesh Government has taken this program by integrating the schemes of two ongoing JICA project:

FSPDSME (Financial Sector Project for the Development of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises).

CNCRPStakeholders of the Program:1. Government of Bangladesh

i. Ministry of Housing and Public Works (MoHPW).Public Works Department (PWD) through CNCRP. PWD Played the lead role in Project Management and providingthe required Technical Support.

ii. Bangladesh Bank (BB)SME and Special Programs Department.Project Implementation Unit (PIU).

2. JICA3. Embassy of Japan4. Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA).5. Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA).

RMG Sector Safe Working Environment Program, contd.

Objective:• To rebuild the international reputation of RMG and

Knitwear industries in Bangladesh

• Creating better workplace for the workers by introducing the good practice of improving safe working environment.

• To demonstrate the seriousness of the issues surrounding the sector by sharing the responsibility between Govt. of Bangladesh, private sector and international partners.

BANGLADESH BANK SOFT LOAN PROGRAM Financial Support For RMG Enterprises

1 Total fund amount

Up to 1 billion BDT (100 million BDT per applicant)

2 Eligibleapplicant

Enterprise who has a membership of BGMEA/ BKMEA

3 Eligible portion of finance

a. Retrofitting/ Rebuilding of the factoryb. Purchase equipment for safe working

environmentc. Relocation of factory

4. Interest rate Max. 10% ( About 60% of prevailing bank interest rate)

5. Repayment Up to 15 years repayment period with 2 years grace period

6. Procedure As per guideline of FSPDSME

Out Line Of Procedure For Building Evaluation, Retrofit Design & Construction

STEP 1: Scrutinization of Applications. STEP2: Simplified Structural Assessment. STEP3: Preparation of Priority List Based on STEP 2. STEP 3: Sanction of Loan by Bank. STEP4: Detailed Structural Assessment. STEP5: Fire and Electrical Assessment of The Building. STEP6: Preparation of Retrofit Design. STEP7: Retrofit Construction.

Out Line Of Procedure (Flow Diagram)

Arch. Drawing & Stru. DrawingAvailable?

NoNot Acceptable

2) Availability of relevantdocuments to Perform

Simplified Assessment

Yes

I- 3)

Start

ApplicationDocument

Filled Format?& Drawing Approved?

I. Initial Assessment of Building Stability

Simplified AssessmentUsing Applied Documents

Ranks for;a) Permanent Load Stabilityb) Seismic Stability

NoNot Acceptable

Owner Interested?

1) (Simple) Qualificationof Application Form

3) Simplified Assessment ofBuilding Vulnerability

Using Applied Drawings

NoWithdraw

II. First Judgment by Factory Owners

Yes

Yes

II- 1)

I- 1)

I- 2)

I- 4)

I- 5)

If simplified assessment is Not possible

then not acceptable

Out Line of Procedure (Flow Diagram Contd.)

Out Line of Procedure (Contd.)

Progress of RMG Sector Safe Working Environment Program.

Simplified assessment of 55 RMG factory buildings has been done.

Detailed Structural, Fire, Electrical assessment and retrofit design for three RMG factory buildings has been completed.

Retrofit construction for two RMG factory buildings were completed by December, 2014.

Retrofit construction of one RMG factory could not be undertaken due to factory owner’s failure to get sanction of loan from the bank.

Summary of Seismic Assessment Of RMG Factory Buildings

Total number of applications received by BGMEA and BKMEA: 300+

Total Number of Applicatio

ns

Application regretted for insufficient Information

SimplifiedAssessment

Done

Simplified Assessment Result

Structurally Safe Structurally inadequate.

Needs Retrofitting

BGMEA 134 95 39

BKMEA 80 64 16

Total 214 159 55 33% 77%

Installation of Steel Frame Bracing

After Completion of Fixing Steel Frame Bracing

Insertion of New Column and Beam

Retrofitting of DK Knitwear

DK Knitwear after Retrofitting

BBefore Retrofitting After Retrofitting

Foundation Retrofitting Column Jacketing

Retrofitting of Smart Knit

Achievements of the Program1. A suitable technical and financial model is developed to

retrofit private buildings with government/ bank financing.

2. Successful implementation of retrofitting scheme for the factory buildings converting it into a safe and fully compliant building meeting all the requirements of building code and international buyers.

3. Satisfaction of the factory owners:i. Getting a soft bank loan at an interest rate much less than the prevailing bank rates.ii. Quality assurance of retrofit design and construction works.

Achievements of the Program contd.

4. Satisfaction of the banki. The loan money is utilized rationally for the purpose

it was sanctioned for.ii. Better business and payback by the borrowers.

5. Replication of the ModelThe model developed has been incorporated for replication in another PWD initiated, GOB-JICA funded project named “ Urban Building Safety Project”. Number of important government buildings and private factory buildings are being retrofitted through this project.

Lessons Learned Trans Disciplinary Approach (TDA) of group effort

was the key to success of the program. TDA helped develop group responsibility,

confidence and transparency in decision making. Early detection of project bottlenecks ensuring

timely intervention and resolution. Regular coordination meetings with members of all

the stakeholders helped to plan, execute and monitor the progress and quality of the works in a transparent manner.

Thank You