MDG Disparities in China

An Xinli

National Bureau of Statistics of China

Oct. 19-21, 2011 , Philippine

Outline

Relevant National Programs with MDGs in China

How much progress has been made in China?

What’s disparities within the country?

The relevant national programs with MDGs All-round Xiaokang Society Goals(2020) : China has its own sets of sustainable development goals, represented by the national

vision of establishing “Xiao Kang,” an all-round, harmonious society, by 2020.

National Action Program for Women and Children China released three NPAs for women and Children from 1995 to

2020(1995-2000,2001-2010,2011-2020). They are addressed the priorities what women and children meet in the current situation.

Other working plans by line ministries National Long –term Educational Program (2011-2020) The 12th Five-year plan The Culture industry development plan , ects.

MDGs and Indicators Current Target Progress

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and HungerHalve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day 3.8% 4.7%

Already met

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Net enrolment rate at primary schoolGross enrolment rate at junior middle school

99.4%99.0%

100 %100%

Already met

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenPrimary school enrollment rate (girl / boy)Gender parity index for 5-yr retention rate (PS) Gender parity index for 3-yr for JMSWomen seats account 1/3

99.44/99.36% 99.9% 102% 21.4% 30%

Likely

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortalitythe under five mortality rate reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,

17.2‰ 20 ‰ Already met

How much progress has been made in China?

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health The maternal mortality ratio reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015 (per 100000 birth) The skilled personnel assistant delivery The accessing rate to reproductive health

31.9

96.3%89.5%

22 Likely

Potentially

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases (1/100000) Incidence rate of HIV/AIDS Incidence rate of malaria Incidence rate of tuberculosis

0.057 0.5574.27

Likely Potentially Likely

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Forestry coverage Coverage Rate of Improved Drinking Water Coverage Rate of Improved Sanitation

20.36%94.3%63.2%

86Likely Likely

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Make available the benefit of new technologies, especially information and communications The fixed phone penetration rate The mobile phone penetration rate The Internet penetration rate The number of internet user

22.9%60.5%31.8%420 million

On-going

Disparities within the whole country

While China is on track nationally for most of the MDGs, inequality has increased and there is a need to work towards balanced regional economic growth and to realize sustainable development with equity. National figures mask large and growing development gaps between the relatively rich eastern coastal zone and poor central and western regions. Similarly, gender gaps still exist in some respects. The Government has an ambitious plan in place to deal with the development challenge of the western region with a view to reducing the current development gap, and the All-China Women’s Federation is also working to address gender gaps.

STATUS OF MDGs IN CHINA MDG 1: China has reduced the number of people living in poverty in rural areas from 85 million in 1990 to 35.97 million by end of 2009, thereby achieving the target of halving the proportion of people living in extreme poverty

Region Poverty population

(million)

Poverty rate

(%)

Eastern coast zone

1.73 0.5

Central region

12.52 3.3

Western region

23.72 8.3

Total 35.97 3.8

Rural poverty in 2009

MDG 2: China has raised the net primary school enrolment rate from 97.8% in 1990 to 99.4% in 2009. The gross enrolment rate for junior middle school has been raised from 66.7% in 1990 to 99% in 2009.

Gross Enrolment rate at primary and secondaryeducation

0

20

40

60

80

100

小学 99. 11 99. 05 98. 58 98. 65 98. 95 99. 15 99. 27 99. 49 99. 54 99. 4 99. 7

初中阶段 88. 6 88. 7 90 92. 7 94. 1 95 97 98 98. 5 99 100. 1

高中阶段 42. 8 42. 8 42. 8 43. 8 48. 1 52. 7 59. 8 66 74 79. 2 82. 5

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Pr i maryJ uni orSeni or

MDG 3: With the retention rates for boys and girls in primary school education standing at 99.4percent and 99.3percent respectively, gender disparities appear to have been eliminated. Women hold 21.3 % of the seats in the National People’s Congress in 2008. Women employment almost account 46% in 2008

Proportion of Girls at All Level Schools, 2000 and 2010

34

41

42

57

47

47

46

48

46

47

50

48

53

47

47

47

46

45

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

研究生

普通本专科

普通高中

普通中专

职业高中

普通初中

职业初中

普通小学

学前教育

20102000

Pre-primary

Primary School

Junior Vocational School

Junior Middle School

Technical Secondary School

Senior Vocational SchoolSenior Middle School

College

Master and Doctor

NPC: the National People’s Congress

NPPCC: the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

Proportion of Women Seats in 31 ProvincialLegislatures(NPC and CPPCC) in 2010

8

1210

1

8

31

19

0

4

8

12

16

20

16%- 20% 20%- 25% 25%- 30% 30%+

人大代表政协委员

number

NPCCPPCC

MDG4: Since 1990s, reported infant mortality rate dropped from 50.2% in 1991 to 13.8% in 2009

The mortality rate of children under-five dropped from 61%in 1991 to 17.2% in 2009.

MDG 5: Maternal mortality ratio has dropped from 80 per 100,000 live births in 1991 to 31.9 per 100,000 live births in 2009 but these national figures mask important disparities between eastern developed provinces and western poorer provinces of China.

MDG 6: If the epidemic continues to expand, the rate is slowing. In late 2009, China reported that the number of estimated HIV cases has risen to 740,000. Prevalence among the total population as a whole was 0.057percent

MDG 7: Land covered by forest has increased from 16.55% in 1998 to 20.36% in 2008. Over 200,000 water supply projects have been launched to provide access to safe drinking water for 220 million rural residents. This means that this MDG target on safe drinking water has been achieved six years ahead of schedule.

MDG 8: Since 2000, China has carried out over 1,000 projects in more than 120 countries within the South-South cooperation framework. China has forgiven 380 interest-free loans due at the end of 2006 owed by 50 of the least-developed countries that have diplomatic relations with China and other poor countries that carry heavy debts. Between 1998 and 2010, the number of internet users in China has risen from 2.1 million to 420 million.

Number of provinces break by internet accessmentrate,2010

6

13

6 6

0

3

6

9

12

15

l ess 25% 25-35% 35-45% 45%+

Source: China Statistical Year book

Thank you!